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Registros recuperados: 21 | |
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Massetti, Emanuele. |
The aim of the paper is to present evidence that China and India are, and will remain, two very different actors in international negotiations to control global warming. We base our conclusions on historical data and on scenarios until 2050. The Business-as-Usual scenario (BaU) is compared to four Emissions Tax scenarios to draw insights on major transformations in energy use and in energy supply and to assess the possible contribution of China and India to a future international climate architecture. We study whether or not the Copenhagen intensity targets require more action than the BaU scenario and we assess whether the emissions reductions induced by the four tax scenarios are compatible with the G8 and MEF pledge to reduce global emissions by 50% in... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; China; India; Energy Efficiency; Energy and Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q43; Q54; Q43; O53; P52. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101378 |
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Zhang, Xiaobo; Tan, Kong-Yam. |
A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient. |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183 |
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Wu, Ximing; Perloff, Jeffrey M.. |
We use a new method to estimate China's income distributions using publicly available interval summary statistics from China's largest national household survey. We examine rural, urban, and overall income distributions for each year from 1985-2001. By estimating the entire distributions, we can show how the distributions change directly as well as examine trends in traditional welfare indices such as the Gini. We find that inequality has increased substantially in both rural and urban areas. Using an inter-temporal decomposition of aggregate inequality, we determine that increases in inequality within the rural and urban sectors and the growing gap in rural and urban incomes have been equally responsible for the growth in overall inequality over the last... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; O15; O18; O53. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25036 |
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Teng, Fei; Gu, Alun. |
Climate Change poses a wide range of potentially very severe threats in China. This aggravates the existing vulnerability of China and is one of the big challenges faced by the Chinese government. Adaptation programmes and projects are being developed and implemented at national and local level. As China is engaged in heavy investment in infrastructure development as a consequence of the rapid process of development and urbanization, mainstreaming adaptation into such development process is a priority for China. China has also made positive contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through participations in the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol framework. Although mitigation is not a priority at national or local level, it has been integrated into... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Local Policy; National Policy; Mitigation; Local Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H7; Q54; Q56; O53. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9091 |
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Schultz, T. Paul. |
Life cycle savings is proposed as one explanation for much of the increase in savings and economic growth in Asia. The association between the age composition of a nations population and its savings rate, observed within 16 Asian countries from 1952 to 1992, is reestimated here to be less than a quarter the size reported in a seminal study, which assumed lagged savings is exogenous. Specification tests as well as common sense imply, moreover, that lagged savings is likely to be endogenous, and when estimated accordingly there remains no significant dependence of savings on the age composition, measured in several ways. Research should consider lifetime savings as a substitute for children, and model the causes for the decline in fertility which changes... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Life cycle savings; Aging; Asian growth; Demographic transition; Financial Economics; D91; J11; O11; O53. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28409 |
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Lim, Steven; Feng, Gary. |
Over the last two decades the structure of the Chinese economy has transformed rapidly. The transformation has had a significant impact on other economies, particularly as Chinese exports maintain their global ascendance. The economic threats and opportunities posed by China will continue to change over time. Yet very little research has been conducted on the economic forces that spur the transformation of China’s economic structure. We present a model of the forces underpinning China’s evolving economy, investigating the determinants of China’s progression through key economic stages, including the initial transition from agriculture to manufacturing. To highlight the speed of structural transformation we analyze data from 1985-2003. Our forecasts suggest... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Flying Geese model; Comparative advantage; China; International Relations/Trade; O41; O53; P27. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50273 |
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Lofgren, Hans; Richards, Alan. |
In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policies should be subordinate to the pro-poor growth goal and not to the goal of food self-sufficiency. Such a strategy requires conflict resolution; macroeconomic stability; physical and human capital accumulation; reliance on markets and the private sector, and diffusion of ecologically friendly farming practices. |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Middle East and North Africa; Food security; Poverty; Agriculture; Development strategy; Food Security and Poverty; O13; O53; Q18. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16274 |
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Zhang, Linxiu; Wang, H. Holly; Rozelle, Scott; Yan, Yuanyuan. |
Although health is an important factor in economic development, millions of China's rural residents have no medical coverage. Nearly 10 percent of those that were sick in rural China consciously did not seek medical care, mostly because of financial constraints. More than 25% of rural residents are dissatisfied with their village's health system. In response to this deteriorating situation, a new cooperative medical system (NCMS) was initialized in rural China in 2003 by the government. However, after two years of trials, there has been no household-based, economic analysis of the program. This paper provides one of the first. Although where introduced, most rural residents voluntarily participate, there are many problems with the program. First, at least... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural Health; Insurance; Targeting; Design Problems; China; Health Economics and Policy; I11; O15; O53. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25586 |
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Wang, Honglin; Dong, Xiaoxia; Huang, Jikun; Rozelle, Scott; Reardon, Thomas. |
The supermarket revolution has arrived in China and is spreading as fast as or faster than anywhere in the world. As the demand for vegetables, fruit, nuts and other high valued products have risen, urban retailers are finding new venues seized on niche and today have over $55 billion in sales, more than a third of the urban food market. However, the experience of many developing countries suggests that there could be serious distributional impacts of the rising of supermarkets. There is concern among policy makers and academics that poor, small farmers might be excluded from market. The main goal of our paper is to understand what types of farmers have been able to participate in the horticultural revolution, how they interact with markets and how... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Horticulture; Modern Supply Chains; Farmer Impacts; Poverty; China; Crop Production/Industries; O33; O53; Q13. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25762 |
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Xing, Li; Fan, Shenggen; Luo, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China. This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This acco unts for the largest share of overall... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; H54; O47; O53; R11; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25390 |
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Registros recuperados: 21 | |
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