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Buoyancy and localizing properties of continental mantle lithosphere: Insights from thermomechanical models of the eastern Gulf of Aden 5
Watremez, L.; Burov, E.; D'Acremont, E.; Leroy, Sylvie; Huet, B.; Lepourhiet, L.; Bellahsen, N..
Physical properties of the mantle lithosphere have a strong influence on the rifting processes and rifted structures. In particular, in context of rifting, two of these properties have been overlooked: (1) Mohr-Coulomb plasticity (localizing pressure dependent) may not be valid at mantle depths as opposed to nonlocalizing pressure-independent plasticity (hereafter, perfect plasticity), and (2) lithosphere buoyancy can vary, depending on the petrological composition of the mantle. Focussing on the Arabian plate, we show that the lithosphere may be negatively buoyant. We use thermomechanical modeling to investigate the importance of mantle rheology and composition on the formation of a passive margin, ocean-continent transition (OCT) and oceanic basin. We...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Thermomechanical modeling; Rifting; Ocean-continent transition; Plasticity; Lithosphere buoyancy; Gulf of Aden.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00199/31070/29483.pdf
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Caractérisation de l’adaptation comportementale des téléostéens en élevage : plasticité et effets de la domestication 5
Benhaim, David.
The farming of aquatic animals has started recently in comparison with that of terrestrial species which domestication started 10 500 years ago. Aquaculture is however the fastest growing animal food-production sector. This sector has now to face several challenges threatening its sustainability. Indeed, aquaculture future largely depends upon the reduction of the reliance on feeds based ingredients derived from wild fishery resources, upon a better knowledge of fish domestication process and of the adaptation mechanisms and related welfare potential. The present work aims at a better understanding of the adaptation to farming conditions through a behavioural approach based on the comparison between wild vs. domesticated populations of three species: a...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Plasticité; Domestication; Bien-être; Comportement alimentaire; Activité de nage; Personnalité; Aliment végétal; Labyrinthe; Statut physiologique; Croissance; Aquaculture; Repeuplement; Adaptation; Plasticity; Learning; Domestication; Welfare; Feeding behaviour; Swimming activity; Personality; Plant-based diet; Maze; Physiological status; Growth; Aquaculture; Restocking.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00078/18926/16515.pdf
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Considerations regarding the dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii under low light availability in a low phosphorus lake 39
Tonetta,Denise; Hennemann,Mariana Coutinho; Brentano,Débora Monteiro; Petrucio,Mauricio Mello.
ABSTRACTAlthough many studies have shown that the dispersion, increased abundance and dominance of cyanobacteria can be attributed to nutrient enrichment, we discuss features contributing to the dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a shallow, polymictic, subtropical coastal lake with low phosphorus and light limitation (Peri Lake). The presence and dominance of C. raciborskii in an environment with such characteristics emphasizes the idea that nutrients alone do not explain the high density of this cyanobacterium. Other features should be considered in explaining this species dominance, such as phosphorus storage and physiological flexibilitywhich seem to be key features to high densities in low phosphorus systems.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Cyanobacteria; Cyanotoxins; Freshwater; Nutrients; Peri Lake; Phytoplankton; Plasticity; Subtropical.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062015000300448
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Defense Compounds Rather Than Nutrient Availability Shape Aggressiveness Trait Variation Along a Leaf Maturity Gradient in a Biotrophic Plant Pathogen 5
Maupetit, Agathe; Larbat, Romain; Pernaci, Michaël; Andrieux, Axelle; Guinet, Cécile; Boutigny, Anne-laure; Fabre, Bénédicte; Frey, Pascal; Halkett, Fabien.
Foliar pathogens face heterogeneous environments depending on the maturity of leaves they interact with. In particular, nutrient availability as well as defense levels may vary significantly, with opposing effects on the success of infection. The present study tested which of these factors have a dominant effect on the pathogen’s development. Poplar leaf disks of eight maturity levels were inoculated with the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina using an innovative single-spore inoculation procedure. A set of quantitative fungal traits (infection efficiency, latent period, uredinia size, mycelium quantity, sporulation rate, sporulation capacity, and spore volume) was measured on each infected leaf disk. Uninfected parts of the leaves were analyzed...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Constitutive defense; Aggressiveness traits; Plasticity; Nutrient availability; Rust fungus.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76405/77443.pdf
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Dynamic Causal Models and Autopoietic Systems 48
DAVID,OLIVIER.
Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) and the theory of autopoietic systems are two important conceptual frameworks. In this review, we suggest that they can be combined to answer important questions about self-organising systems like the brain. DCM has been developed recently by the neuroimaging community to explain, using biophysical models, the non-invasive brain imaging data are caused by neural processes. It allows one to ask mechanistic questions about the implementation of cerebral processes. In DCM the parameters of biophysical models are estimated from measured data and the evidence for each model is evaluated. This enables one to test different functional hypotheses (i.e., models) for a given data set. Autopoiesis and related formal theories of...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Dynamic Causal Modelling; Brain functional organization; Plasticity; Autonomous systems; Autopoiesis.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602007000500010
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Effect of fasting on self-feeding activity in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 5
Benhaim, David; Begout, Marie-laure; Pean, Samuel; Brisset, Blandine; Leguay, Didier; Chatain, Beatrice.
In various experiments under self-feeding conditions, sea bass groups could be divided into three categories regarding feeder actuation: high, low and zero-triggering fish. In all cases few high-triggering fish were responsible for a high percentage of the feed delivery. A question was raised about the role played by feeding motivation in such high-triggering status acquisition. It was approached by applying a 3-week fasting period in order to induce similar negative specific growth rate (SGR) in two groups of fish of similar mean weight but with either a low or a high coefficient of variation for weight (CVw)(T-low: CVw similar to 11%, 3 tanks of 60 fish each; T-high: CVw similar to 20%, 3 tanks of 60 fish each). These groups were created to test the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Personality; Plasticity; Feeding-behaviour; Self-feeder; Social structure.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00069/18004/15672.pdf
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Fantastically plastic: fish larvae equipped for a new world 5
Pittman, Karin; Yufera, Manuel; Pavlidis, Michail; Geffen, Audrey J.; Koven, Willian; Ribeiro, Laura; Zambonino, Jose Luiz; Tandler, Amos.
Teleost fish are more diverse than any other vertebrate group, and yet only a limited number of species are fished and farmed globally. Efforts to expand the quantity and diversity of fish produced are hampered by the extreme diversity of ontogenetic responses of fish, especially during larval development. This review looks at advances in molecular phylogeny, endocrine and nutrient influences and long-term studies of the phenotypes of commercially important fish to put the sources and consequences of this plasticity into context. This nested context of evolutionary forces of the fish-specific genome duplication, epigenetic influences, ontogenetically conserved processes like metamorphosis and cell determination is further presented in relation to how fish...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Development; Epigenetics; Fish-specific genome duplication; Juveniles; Larvae; Metamorphosis; Plasticity.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00144/25509/23655.pdf
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Genetic basis of growth, survival and their plasticity in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 5
Ernande, Bruno; Boudry, Pierre; Heurtebise, Serge; Haure, Joel; Martin, Jean-louis.
Introduction : Growth and survival are the life-history traits of the most interest for oyster production since they determine biomass output (growth x survival). This study aimed to investigate whether there is genetic basis for growth, survival and their plasticity to know if a selection program is conceivable for these traits. Material and Methods : Nested half-sibs mating design was used to produce families of oysters: 5 males were each mated to three females producing 5 half-sibs families, each containing 3 full-sib families. At 15 months of age (May 1999), each full-sibs family was randomly split into five groups which were given different treatments. Two groups were placed in a constant environment: one with low food resources and another with high...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Genotyic; Plasticity; Survival; Growth; Genetic; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/acte-3498.pdf
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Genetical basis of the plasticity of resource allocation in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 5
Ernande, Bruno; Haure, Joel; Degremont, Lionel; Bedier, Edouard; Boudry, Pierre.
Phenotypic and genetic correlations between fitness-related life-history traits - such as survival, growth and reproductive allocation - have to be considered to better understand selective processes, both in the wild and in breeding programs. Quantitative genetic experiments, based on nested half-sib mating designs, were perfomed in the Pacific oyster C. gigas (1) to estimate genetic variance and the response to selection and (2) to document phenotypic and genetic trade-offs between life history traits. Physiological trade-offs, i.e. plastcity of resource allocation, were shown to vary among genotypes. Genetic polymorphism was primarily observed for the the plasticity of reproductive effort. In addition, the degree of plasticity in reproductive effort...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Genetic polymorphism; Genetic; Plasticity; Genetical basis; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oysters.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/acte-3443.pdf
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Genotype by environment interaction for 450-day weight of Nelore cattle analyzed by reaction norm models 74
Pégolo,Newton T.; Oliveira,Henrique N.; Albuquerque,Lúcia G.; Bezerra,Luiz Antonio F.; Lôbo,Raysildo B..
Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) have attracted increasing attention in tropical breeding programs because of the variety of production systems involved. In this work, we assessed GEI in 450-day adjusted weight (W450) Nelore cattle from 366 Brazilian herds by comparing traditional univariate single-environment model analysis (UM) and random regression first order reaction norm models for six environmental variables: standard deviations of herd-year (RRMw) and herd-year-season-management (RRMw-m) groups for mean W450, standard deviations of herd-year (RRMg) and herd-year-season-management (RRMg-m) groups adjusted for 365-450 days weight gain (G450) averages, and two iterative algorithms using herd-year-season-management group solution estimates...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Growth; Genotype by environment interaction; Plasticity; Random regression; Robustness.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572009000200013
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Growth of provenances of Cryptocarya alba during water stress and after re–watering in the nursery 63
Meza,Sergio Enrique Espinoza; Arce,Marco Aliro Yáñez; Díaz,Carlos Renato Magni; Herrera,Eduardo Enrique Martínez; Ortega,Juan Francisco Ovalle; Miranda,Suraj Antonio Vaswani.
ABSTRACT: Intensification of drought in Mediterranean–type climates has limited seedling establishment. The knowledge of the ecology of selected species and its intraspecific variation to water stress at the seedling stage should be considered in order to overcome limitations. We investigated variations in growth, survival, and leaf–level physiology in four provenances of the endemic Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) during water stress and after re–watering. Seedlings were cultured in the nursery during 23 months and then subjected to two watering treatments based on soil water content (well–watered and water restriction, 0.38 and 0.17 cm3 cm−3, respectively) for 45 days. At the end of the watering treatments, seedling growth, above– and belowground biomass,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Sclerophyllus forests; Seed sources; Drought; Plasticity; Biomass allocation.
Ano: 2021 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162021000701002
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Long lasting structural changes in primary motor cortex after motor skill learning: a behavioural and stereological study 48
MORALES,PAOLA.
Many motor skills, once acquired, are stored over a long time period, probably sustained by permanent neuronal changes. Thus, in this paper we have investigated with quantitative stereology the generation and persistence of neuronal density changes in primary motor cortex (MI) following motor skill learning (skilled reaching task). Rats were trained a lateralised reaching task during an "early" (22-31 days oíd) or "late" (362-371 days oíd) postnatal period. The trained and corresponding control rats were sacrificed at day 372, immediately after the behavioural testing. The "early" trained group preserved the learned skilled reaching task when tested at day 372, without requiring any additional training. The "late" trained group showed a similar capacity to...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Motor cortex; Plasticity; Persistence of structural changes; Aging; Motor skill learning (skilled reaching task); Stereology; Rat.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602008000400005
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Metabolic adjustments in Satanoperca aff. jurupari (Perciformes: Cichlidae) 74
Chippari-Gomes,Adriana R.; Leitão,Marco Aurélio B.; Paula-Silva,Maria de Nazaré; Mesquita-Saad,Lenise S. B. de; Almeida-Val,Vera Maria F..
In this paper, we describe the enzyme levels and isozyme distribution in skeletal and heart muscle of Satanoperca aff. jurupari, (Cichlidae, subgroup Geophaginae). LDH and CS were measured in skeletal and heart muscle. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to determine the isozyme/allozyme patterns in different tissues; LDH, MDHs, PGM, PGI, ADH, G-6-PDH and SOD were screened for the numbers of loci, presence of alleles, and tissue specificity. The LDH/CS ratio in heart and skeletal muscle were 173.36 and 6.1, respectively, indicating anaerobic metabolism in the former and aerobic metabolism in the latter muscle. No inhibition by pyruvate (based on the ratios of LDH activity with 1 mM and 10 mM pyruvate) was detected in heart and skeletal muscle, indicating...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cichlid; Plasticity; Metabolism; Enzymes; Amazon.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572003000100005
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Phenotypic plasticity revealed by molecular studies on reef corals of Fungia (Cycloseris) spp. (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) near river outlets 16
Gittenberger, A.; Hoeksema, B.W..
On a patch reef off Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia, corals identified as Fungia (Cycloseris) costulata, Fungia (Cycloseris) tenuis and Fungia (Cycloseris) cf costulata were collected down to a maximum depth of 10 m. The corals lived sympatrically. Mushroom coral clones resulting from fragmentation can be recognized by their equal coloration and close proximity. Therefore, to ensure that no clones were collected, corals of dissimilar colors were selected at a mutual distance of 5 m. The corals were kept alive in two 30 liter sea-water aquariums with an air-pump. They were photographed in detail. Using allozyme electrophoresis in a laboratory close to the field area, it was tested whether the separate coral morphs should be considered three species....
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Eco-phenotype; Plasticity; Allozymes; River outlets; Mushroom corals; Fungiidae; Cycloseris; Indonesia; 42.79.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/214568
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The autonomous axon: a model based on local synthesis of proteins 48
ALVAREZ,JAIME.
In the current understanding of axons, axoplasmic synthesis of proteins is negated, and it is asserted that proteins are transported from perikarya to axons. This 'transport model' in which axons are fully dependent of perikarya is seriously flawed. The 'autonomous axon' proposed here negates in turn transport of proteins, and asserts (i) local synthesis of axoplasmic proteins, corner stone of this model, (ii) existence of internal programs in axon and terminals, (iii) external control of programs resulting in local regulation of phenotype of axons and terminals, hence they are autonomous from perikarya; (iv) participation of perikarya through the fast transport in setting up the axonal programs but not in their immediate regulation. The word merotrophism...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Plasticity; Regeneration; Schwann cell; Slow transport; Sprouting; Trophism; Wld s.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602001000200014
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The future is now: marine aquaculture in the anthropocene 5
Pernet, Fabrice; Browman, Howard I.
Aquaculture now produces more seafood than wild capture fisheries and this production is expected to at least double by 2050. Representing almost half of global production, marine aquaculture will contribute to sustainably feeding the growing humanity. However, climate change will undoubtedly challenge the future growth of marine aquaculture. Temperature and sea-level rise, shifts in precipitation, freshening from glacier melt, changing ocean productivity, and circulation patterns, increasing occurrence of extreme climatic events, eutrophication, and ocean acidification are all stressors that will influence marine aquaculture. The objective of this themed article set was to bring together contributions on the broad theme of the potential impacts,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Bivalve; Blue economy; Carbon; Climate change; Marine diseases; Mitigation; Ocean acidification; Plasticity; Salmon; Seaweed; Sustainability.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00682/79406/81951.pdf
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Yielding and plastic behaviour of Boom clay 5
Sultan, Nabil; Cui, Y. -j.; Delage, P..
An underground research laboratory (URL) has been excavated in a deposit of Boom clay at a depth of 223 m by the SCK-CEN Belgian organisation near the city of Mol. This URL is devoted to research into nuclear waste disposal. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out in the triaxial apparatus on specimens that were trimmed from blocks extracted during excavation sequences in the URL. In order to characterise the mechanical behaviour of the natural Boom clay and to examine the effect of initial and induced anisotropy on its constitutive behaviour, two series of triaxial tests were carried out. Special attention was devoted to the yield behaviour and the effects of stress history. Experimental results showed a clear relation between the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Anisotropy; Clays; Constitutive relations; Elasticity; Laboratory tests; Plasticity; Shear strength.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12414/9530.pdf
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