| The eastern tropical Indian Ocean (ETIO) off southern Indonesia is a very important region for the global thermohaline circulation as it hosts the exit pathway of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). From this region cool and fresh ITF waters are advected by the South Equatorial Current (SEC) to the Indian Ocean. Consequently, the ITF water freshens the Indian Ocean. Nevertheless, the hydrology condition was different during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During this period the sea level was low and the Sunda Shelf was an exposed land. Marine records and simulation study suggest that the exposure of the Sunda Shelf caused a significant reduction in convection over the Indonesian region, resulting arid condition and saltier sea surface condition off south... |
