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Registros recuperados: 11
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A Review of FDA Imports Refusals - US Seafood Trade 2000-2010 AgEcon
Anders, Sven M.; Westra, Sabrina.
The United States is the third largest consumer of seafood products in the world. The percentage of imported seafood consumed in the U.S. has steadily increased from 66% in 1999 to over 84% in 2009 (NOAA, 2010). Food safety, especially of imported foods and products from developing countries, has raised increasing concerns among American consumers and policy makers. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) (Ababouch et al. 2000) border inspection system is considered critical for ensuring the safety of domestic seafood consumers. However, the potential non-tariff barrier to trade posed by FDA regulations, especially for many developing country exporters have been frequently cited in the literature. This paper investigates trends and patterns...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Import refusal reports; FDA; Import Alerts; Seafood; Trade barriers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103877
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CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA CARNE BOVINA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO DOS PRINCIPAIS FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM AS EXPORTAÇÕES AgEcon
Tirado, Geovana; Costa, Sergio Jose; Carvalho, Jose Marcio; Thome, Karim Marini.
O trabalho analisa a cadeia produtiva da carne bovina (CPCB) no Brasil, sob o enfoque do comércio exterior, apresentando como base conceitual o estudo de cadeia produtiva no agronegócio e como método de coleta de dados secundários, o Mecasis. Tem, como objetivo, detectar os principais acontecimentos e transformações ocorridas, desde a década de 70, na CPCB brasileira e as principais barreiras comerciais e sanitárias, que influenciaram nas exportações dos produtos desta cadeia. A cadeia no país caracteriza-se por ser um sistema altamente heterogêneo, esse padrão heterogêneo suscita a existência de problemas de variadas ordens, mas são as questões sanitárias e a informalidade as que emergem como as mais urgentes e imprescindíveis de intervenção da política...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Barreiras comerciais; Barreiras sanitárias; Cadeia produtiva da carne bovina; Exportação de carne bovina brasileira; Trade barriers; Sanitation barriers; Beef chain production; Brazilian beef export chain; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109763
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ECONOMICS OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ADMINISTRATION AgEcon
Skully, David W..
The 1996 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture was a step toward free trade. The Agreement lifts bans and quotas on imports, but allows their conversion into tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which function like quotas. At present, many of the 1,300 TRQs increased market access to imports, but some have preserved pre-Agreement levels of protection. The World Trade Organization's intent as to the administration of TRQs is open to interpretation. This report analyzes seven administrative methods in light of the principle of nondiscrimination. We conclude that auctions are the best way to administer a TRQ. First-come, first-served and license-on-demand methods present a moderate risk of biased trade. State trading organizations and producer groups that directly...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quotas; Quantitative restrictions; Trade barriers; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33576
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EFFECTS OF TRADE BARRIERS ON U.S. APPLE EXPORTS AgEcon
Sreedharan, Prasanna; Devadoss, Stephen; Stodick, Leroy; Wahl, Thomas I..
We build a spatial equilibrium trade model for apples using demand and supply relations for each importing and exporting country. The model maximizes welfare subject to demand and production constraints. A trade barrier (free trade) scenario which incorporates (removes) import quotas and tariffs is run. Comparison of the solutions of the two scenarios quantifies the impacts of trade barriers on US apple exports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Apples; Spatial equilibrium model; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade; F10.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22172
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National Policies and the Limits of International Integration AgEcon
Gerber, James.
In spite of the rapid growth of merchandise trade since the end of World War II, the world economy is far from integrated. Services trade, capital flows, population migration, and price differences demonstrate far more scope for international economic integration. Even among nations with preferential trade agreements, networks of merchandise trade relations are far denser intra-nationally than internationally. The absence of goods trade predicted by trade models when nations have few policy barriers implies that crossing national boundaries is a significant indicator of increased transaction costs. These patterns have caused the world trade agenda to examine some unintended trade restrictions which make up a part of national domestic policies. This focus...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Deeper integration; Free trade; Heckscher-Ohlin model; Integration; Trade barriers; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23829
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PRRS AND THE NORTH AMERICAN SWINE TRADE: A TRADE BARRIER ANALYSIS AgEcon
Petry, Mark; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G..
The partial equilibrium model links the infection risk from imported products to a premium, which compensates the importing country for the risk incurred by allowing imports from infected countries. The model is applied to the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and Mexican live swine imports. The premium is sensitive to the expected loss from a PRRS outbreak and to the magnitude of the risk. As the risk or severity of PRRS rises, so does the level of the barrier. If swine imports are categorized and appropriate restrictions applied, an acceptable level of disease protection can be achieved while improving national welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Livestock health risk; PRRS; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15154
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Tell Me Where It Hurts, an' I'll Tell You Who to Call: Industrialize Countries' Agricultural Policies and Developing Countries AgEcon
Diao, Xinshen; Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Robinson, Sherman; Orden, David.
This paper accomplishes two objectives. First, it provides simulation results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that have helped focus the debate about the potential effects of agricultural trade liberalization on developing countries. The aggregate numbers show modest net positive effects over a medium-term period (five years out). First, when developed countries fully remove their subsidies and trade barriers, welfare and GDP of the developing countries rise, as do value added in agricultural production and agro-industries, and agricultural exports. Focal point estimates that we provide are increases in welfare and GDP of $10 billion and $15 billion, respectively, while agricultural value added increases $23 billion and agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Developing countries; Industrialized countries; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Trade liberalization; Trade barriers; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59823
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The Recent International and Regulatory Decisions about Geographical Indications AgEcon
Marette, Stephan; Clemens, Roxanne; Babcock, Bruce A..
As worldwide consumer demand for high-quality products and for information about these products increases, labels and geographical indications (GIs) can serve to signal quality traits to consumers. However, GI systems among countries are not homogeneous and can be used as trade barriers against competition. Philosophical differences between the European Union and the United States about how GIs should be registered and protected led to the formation of a WTO dispute settlement panel. In this paper we discuss the issues behind the dispute, the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel decision, and the EU response to the panel decision leading to the new Regulation 510/2006. Given the potential for GI labels to supply consumer information, context is provided...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Product labels; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18697
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Trade Elasticities: The Significance of Trade Barriers, Multinationals and Market Structure AgEcon
Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.; Anderson, Glenn Michael.
The elasticity of price transmission measures the extent to which a change in world prices will be transmitted to an importing country, with an elasticity of less than one being attributed to trade barriers. Recent research highlights the role that multinational trading companies may play in impeding price transmission. Further, in markets characterised by monopolistic competition an estimate of the partial elasticity of demand may be of limited practical value if no account is taken of the reaction of competitors. In this paper the potential for market structure to affect price transmission and trade elasticities is demonstrated. The elasticity of price transmission has been central to a revised approach to estimation of trade elasticities and has been...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Elasticity; Price transmission; Trade barriers; Monopolistic competition; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122328
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U.S.-CHINA AGRICULTURAL TRADE: CONSTRAINTS AND POTENTIAL AgEcon
Wailes, Eric J.; Fang, Cheng; Tuan, Francis C..
China's agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and the open-door policy adopted in the late 1970s. The composition of agricultural trade with China follows its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods. Constraints on U.S.-China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies, and other nontariff barriers. Growth potential is based on China's fundamental demand forces including the world's largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging urban middle class, and further trade reforms to be implemented through accession to the World Trade Organization.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; China; Reform; Trade barriers; United States; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15092
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WHY ARE US AND EU POLICIES TOWARD GMOs SO DIFFERENT? AgEcon
Jackson, Lee Ann; Anderson, Kym.
The development of genetically modified (GM) agricultural products requires new policies to manage potential food safety and environmental risks. The policy positions taken to date on GM foods by the United States and the European Union are very different. The US has few restrictions on production and trade in GM food products and no costly labelling requirements, whereas the EU has close to a ban on the production and importation of GM foods. This paper seeks to explain (a) why both the US and EU policies are extreme in the light of the uncertainty about the risks associated with GM foods, (b) what their consequences are for income distribution and trade in farm products, and (c) what it means for the GM policies and economic welfare of people in other...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Trade barriers; Productivity growth; Political economy of agricultural protection; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57898
Registros recuperados: 11
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