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| Taylor,E.W.; Leite,C.A.C.; McKenzie,D.J.; Wang,T.. |
| Fish and amphibians utilise a suction/force pump to ventilate gills or lungs, with the respiratory muscles innervated by cranial nerves, while reptiles have a thoracic, aspiratory pump innervated by spinal nerves. However, fish can recruit a hypobranchial pump for active jaw occlusion during hypoxia, using feeding muscles innervated by anterior spinal nerves. This same pump is used to ventilate the air-breathing organ in air-breathing fishes. Some reptiles retain a buccal force pump for use during hypoxia or exercise. All vertebrates have respiratory rhythm generators (RRG) located in the brainstem. In cyclostomes and possibly jawed fishes, this may comprise elements of the trigeminal nucleus, though in the latter group RRG neurons have been located in the... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Vertebrates; Control of respiration; Respiratory rhythm generation; Water and air breathing; Chemoreceptors; Mechanoreceptors. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000500001 |
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| Circadian organization means the way in which the entire circadian system above the cellular level is put together physically and the principles and rules that determine the interactions among its component parts which produce overt rhythms of physiology and behavior. Understanding this organization and its evolution is of practical importance as well as of basic interest. The first major problem that we face is the difficulty of making sense of the apparently great diversity that we observe in circadian organization of diverse vertebrates. Some of this diversity falls neatly into place along phylogenetic lines leading to firm generalizations: i) in all vertebrates there is a "circadian axis" consisting of the retinas, the pineal gland and the... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
Palavras-chave: Circadian rhythms; Evolution; Vertebrates; Pineal; SCN; Retina; Melatonin. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000300003 |
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| Gonçalves,Alessandra Queiroga; Vicente,Joaquim Júlio; Pinto,Roberto Magalhães. |
| In this work 28 nematode samples from amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals captured in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, and deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute between 1927 and 1955, were studied. Oswaldocruzia sp. and Physaloptera sp. (from amphibians), Skrjabinura spiralis Gnedina, 1933 (from birds), Mammomonogamus laryngeus (Railliet, 1899) Ryzikov, 1948 and Trichuris gracilis (Rud, 1819) Hall, 1916 (from mammals) are reported from the State of Amazonas for the first time. Oswaldocruzia mazzai Freitas & Lent, 1935, Oswaldocruzia lopesi Travassos, 1938, Aplectana membranosa (Schneider, 1866) Miranda, 1924, Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819, Capillaria sp., and Cosmocerca sp. (from amphibians), Diplotriaena... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Nematodes; Vertebrates; State of Amazonas; New records; Brazil. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752002000200011 |
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