| Registro completo |
| Provedor de dados: |
ArchiMer
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| País: |
France
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| Título: |
Maitotoxin-4, a Novel MTX Analog Produced by Gambierdiscus excentricus
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| Autores: |
Pisapia, Francesco
Sibat, Manoella
Herrenknecht, Christine
Lhaute, Korian
Gaiani, Greta
Ferron, Pierre-jean
Fessard, Valerie
Fraga, Santiago
Nascimento, Silvia M.
Litaker, R. Wayne
Holland, William C.
Roullier, Catherine
Hess, Philipp
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| Data: |
2017-07
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| Ano: |
2017
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| Palavras-chave: |
Gambierdiscus excentricus
Maitotoxin-4
Bioguided fractionation
Size-exclusion chromatography (LH-20)
Neuro-2a (N2a) assay
LC-HRMS/MS (Q-Tof 6550)
LC-LRMS/MS (API4000 QTrap)
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| Resumo: |
Maitotoxins (MTXs) are among the most potent toxins known. These toxins are produced by epi-benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa and may play a role in causing the symptoms associated with Ciguatera Fish Poisoning. A recent survey revealed that, of the species tested, the newly described species from the Canary Islands, G. excentricus, is one of the most maitotoxic. The goal of the present study was to characterize MTX-related compounds produced by this species. Initially, lysates of cells from two Canary Island G. excentricus strains VGO791 and VGO792 were partially purified by (i) liquid-liquid partitioning between dichloromethane and aqueous methanol followed by (ii) size-exclusion chromatography. Fractions from chromatographic separation were screened for MTX toxicity using both the neuroblastoma neuro-2a (N2a) cytotoxicity and Ca2+ flux functional assays. Fractions containing MTX activity were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to pinpoint potential MTX analogs. Subsequent non-targeted HRMS analysis permitted the identification of a novel MTX analog, maitotoxin-4 (MTX4, accurate mono-isotopic mass of 3292.4860 Da, as free acid form) in the most toxic fractions. HRMS/MS spectra of MTX4 as well as of MTX are presented. In addition, crude methanolic extracts of five other strains of G. excentricus and 37 other strains representing one Fukuyoa species and ten species, one ribotype and one undetermined strain/species of Gambierdiscus were screened for the presence of MTXs using low resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LRMS/MS). This targeted analysis indicated the original maitotoxin (MTX) was only present in one strain (G. australes S080911_1). Putative maitotoxin-2 (p-MTX2) and maitotoxin-3 (p-MTX3) were identified in several other species, but confirmation was not possible because of the lack of reference material. Maitotoxin-4 was detected in all seven strains of G. excentricus examined, independently of their origin (Brazil, Canary Islands and Caribbean), and not detected in any other species. MTX4 may therefore serve as a biomarker for the highly toxic G. excentricus in the Atlantic area.
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| Tipo: |
Text
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| Idioma: |
Inglês
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| Identificador: |
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00392/50320/51001.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00392/50320/51002.pdf
DOI:10.3390/md15070220
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00392/50320/
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| Editor: |
Mdpi Ag
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| Formato: |
application/pdf
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| Fonte: |
Marine Drugs (1660-3397) (Mdpi Ag), 2017-07 , Vol. 15 , N. 7 , P. 220 (1-31)
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| Direitos: |
2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
restricted use
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