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Registros recuperados: 34
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Genetically Modified Organisms at the Crossroads: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway Ecology and Society
Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Lonsdale, Mark; CSIRO Entomology; mark.lonsdale@ento.csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: GMO technology; Agriculture; Ecosystem effects; Genetically modified organisms; Indirect effects; Introduced species; Risk analysis; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000
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Semiquantitative analysis of genetically modified maize and soybean in food Electron. J. Biotechnol.
Cazzola,María Laura; Petruccelli,Silvana.
The aim of this study was to analyze quantitatively the presence of genetically modified organism in food with different composition and degree of processing. Total DNA was extracted by Dellaporta's method and GMO analysis was performed using two consecutives PCR reactions with specie specific primers (IVR and LE), screening primers (35S) and transgen specific primers (CRY and EPSPS). The quantification within the sensitivity establish by the EU was possible only in some foods (ice-cream, flours, soybean isolates and concentrates, starch). Samples with high lipid content or subjected to intense thermal treatments (such as some snacks, mayonnaise, creamy soup) could not be amplified mainly due to the presence of PCR inhibitors. Therefore the method was...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Bt maize; Genetically modified organisms; Semi-quantitative PCR; RR-soybean; Transgenic food.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582006000300028
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The influence of intelligence and emotions on the acceptability of genetically modified organisms Electron. J. Biotechnol.
Sorgo,Andrej; Jausovec,Norbert; Jausovec,Ksenija; Puhek,Miro.
The purpose of the study was to explore the relation between the acceptance of genetically modified organisms, basic emotions, general (IQ), verbal (VIQ) and procedural (PIQ) intelligence. The sample comprised 123 students of psychology (N = 65; 52.8%) and pre-service teachers (N = 58; 47.2%). There were 52 (42.3%) females and 71 males (57.7%) from one of the Slovenian universities. The conclusions of the study are as follows: a) acceptability of genetically modified organisms cannot be considered as a single group, but each GMO should be considered separately. Plants and microorganisms are much more easily to be accepted than animals and usages others than for food are more acceptable. Females showed higher level of acceptance than males. b) Among...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Acceptability; Emotions; Genetically modified organisms; Intelligence.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582012000100001
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Bt protein rhizosecreted from transgenic maize does not accumulate in soil Electron. J. Biotechnol.
Margarit,Ezequiel; Reggiardo,Martín I; Permingeat,Hugo R.
The persistence of CryIAb protein rhizosecreted in soil is important in the assessment of its environmental risk. Here we report that CryIAb protein from transgenic maize does not accumulate at high levels in soils. Levels of CryIAb protein rhizosecreted by three maize transgenic events (BT11, MON810 and 176) were studied in hydroponic cultures and found only in the MON810 and BT11 events but not in event 176 or control plants. Under field conditions, the cryIAb gene and a basal level of CryIAb protein was detected in soils from plots cultivated with transgenic and non-transgenic maize, possibly from Bacillus thuringiensis present in the soils.
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: CryIAb gene; CryIAb protein; ELISA; Genetically modified organisms; PCR; Zea mays (L.).
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582008000200004
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The relationship among knowledge of, attitudes toward and acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) among Slovenian teachers Electron. J. Biotechnol.
Sorgo,Andrej; Ambrozis-Dolinsek,Jana.
The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge about, opinions on and attitudes toward and finally readiness to accept genetically modified organisms (GMO) among Slovenian teachers. On average, they have higher levels of knowledge in classical genetics, and poor levels of knowledge about modern issues in biotechnology, and their attitudes toward GMOs are not extreme. They make decisions based on the acceptability of a particular GMO and not on GMOs in general, following two patterns: genetic modifications (GM) microorganisms and plants are more acceptable than animals, and GMOs are more acceptable if they can not be used directly for consumption and produce something recognized as useful. The relationship among knowledge of, attitudes towards and...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Acceptance; Attitudes; Biotechnology; Education; Genetically modified organisms; Knowledge.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582009000400001
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Metodologia para transformação de soja via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Infoteca-e
KANAMORI, N.; MERTZ-HENNING, L. M.; MARIN, S. R. R..
bitstream/item/161327/1/CT-128.pdf
Tipo: Circular Técnica (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Organismo transgênico; Soja; Soybeans; Genetically modified organisms; Genetically modified plants.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1071918
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Manual de biossegurança da Embrapa Meio Ambiente: boas práticas na manipulação e condução de experimentos com organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM), do Grupo 1 e seus derivados. Infoteca-e
CAPALBO, D. M. F.; JONSSON, C. M.; MENDES, R.; PENTEADO, A. L.; PRADO, S. de S.; MOLTOCARO, R. C. R..
Resumo: Este manual constitui um guia orientador para informar, atualizar e despertar o senso crítico dos empregados e colaboradores da Embrapa Meio Ambiente durante a realização das suas atividades de pesquisa que envolvem organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM) e seus derivados.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Organismo geneticamente modificado; OGM; Biossegurança; Genetically modified organisms.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1045317
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Lay and scientific categorizations of new breeding techniques: Implications for food policy and genetically modified organism legislation ArchiMer
Debucquet, Gervaise; Baron, Regis; Cardinal, Mireille.
The rapid development of new genetic breeding techniques is accompanied by a polarized debate around their risks. Research on the public perception of these techniques lags behind scientific developments. This study tests a method for revealing laypeople’s perceptions and attitudes about different genetic techniques. The objectives are to enable laypeople to understand the key principles of new genetic breeding techniques and to permit a comparison of their modes of classification with those of scientific experts. The combined method of a free sorting task and focus groups showed that the participants distinguished the techniques that did not induce any change in DNA sequence, and applied two different logics to classify the other breeding techniques: a...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Food policy; Genetically modified organism regulation; Genetically modified organisms; Lay categorization; New breeding techniques; And public understanding.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00634/74604/74979.pdf
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Use of Genetically Improved and Alien Species for Aquaculture and Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity in Africa OceanDocs
Starting from a small base, aquaculture production in Africa registered annual growth rates equal to or above those in other regions. This expansion was due to signifi cant increases in a few African countries. Increasing demand coupled with rapidly dwindling catches from capture fi sheries, the implementation of novel participatory approaches to technology development and transfer, and the emergence of a few successful large-scale tilapia culture operations directed at the export market offer opportunities for further expansion in both the small-scale and large-scale commercial sectors. Existing biotechnical, economic and institutional challenges, which include lack of national policies to guide aquaculture development, unfriendly investment policies, the...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper Palavras-chave: Genetics; Aquaculture; Aquaculture engineering; Genetically modified organisms; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34285.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/295
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A simple and reliable method for the screening of transgenic tobacco plants PAB
Freitas-Astua,Juliana; Astua-Monge,Gustavo; Polston,Jane Elisabeth; Hiebert,Ernest.
Even though much improvement has been made in plant transformation methods, the screening of transgenic plants is often a laborious work. Most approaches for detecting the transgene in transformed plants are still timeconsuming, and can be quite expensive. The objective of this study was to search for a simpler method to screen for transgenic plants. The infiltration of kanamycin (100 mg/mL) into tobacco leaves resulted in conspicuous chlorotic spots on the non-transgenic plant leaves, while no spots were seen on the leaves of transformed plants. This reaction occurred regardless of age of the tested plants, and the method has proven to be simple, fast, non-destructive, relatively cheap, and reliable. These results were comparable to those obtained by the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Kanamycin; Genetically modified organisms; Transgenic plants; Testing.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2003000700015
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MODELING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT INTRODUCTIONS AgEcon
DeVuyst, Eric A.; Koo, Won W.; DeVuyst, Cheryl Sinn; Taylor, Richard D..
Planned introductions of genetically modified crop varieties can be troublesome to model. Estimation of demand and supply equations is not feasible due to lack of data. Further, specifying demand and supply equations requires calibration to a presumed equilibrium. Depending on the point chosen, highly questionable results may be obtained. We propose a model that uses existing supply, demand, and elasticity estimates. The approach relies on composite supply and demand functions. These composite functions are linear combinations of GM and non-GM varieties. We then employ this approach in a model of world wheat trade to analyze the impact of several plausible GM wheat adoption and consumer acceptability scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International trade; Genetically modified organisms; Producer surplus; Consumer surplus; Welfare; Transportation cost; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23550
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Italian Consumer Acceptance of Nutritionally Enhanced GM Food AgEcon
Canavari, Maurizio; Tisselli, Farid; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.; Scarpa, Riccardo.
The aim of this article is to evaluate Italian consumers’ acceptance and willingness to purchase GM foods based on the type of benefit (input vs output trait) and product (plant based vs animal based). Two surveys were administered in two consecutive years (2004 and 2005) and the data used to test for possible changes in consumer acceptance. The results of a multinomial logit analysis suggest that on average consumer acceptance for plant-based GM food was higher in 2005. This study confirmed the key role of information strategies to consumers, with the most relevant results being the role distorted information play in raising the consumer’s level of fear and perceived risk. Respondents also place a higher level of confidence on scientists who are generally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food; Genetically modified organisms; Consumer acceptance; Willingness to buy; Nutritionally enhanced food products; Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51651
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How do GM / non GM coexistence regulations affect markets and welfare? AgEcon
Desquilbet, Marion; Poret, Sylvaine.
This paper presents a theoretical economic model assessing the effect of the level of mandatory genetically modified (GM) / non-GM coexistence regulations on market and welfare outcome. We assume vertical differentiation of GM and non-GM goods on the consumer side. Producers are heterogeneous in their cost savings from GMO adoption. Producers of non-GM crops face a probability of having their harvest downgraded if gene flow from GM fields makes its GMO content above the labeling threshold. The government may impose to GMO producers mandatory ex ante isolation distances from non-GM fields in order to decrease the probability of non-GM harvest downgrading. It may also introduce an ex post compensation to non-GMO farmers for profit losses due to harvest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Coexistence; Identity preservation; Regulation; Liability; Vertical differentiation; Law and economics; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114757
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Biotech--Who Wins? Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture AgEcon
Moschini, GianCarlo.
The conceptual model necessary for an assessment of biotechnology's economic benefits and costs is outlined, emphasizing the need to account for the proprietary nature of biotechnology innovations. The model is illustrated with an application to Roundup Ready soybeans. The estimated value of this innovation is sizeable, with consumers and innovators claiming the largest shares of net benefits. Also, disparities in intellectual property rights protection across countries affect the distribution of benefits. Consumer resistance toward GMOs and the issue of labelling and market segregation complicate the economic evaluation of biotechnology innovations; a number of related regulation and public policy issues are discussed. Emerging output-trait GMOs are...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Identity preservation; Intellectual property rights; R&D; Transgenic crops; Welfare evaluation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23862
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Agricultural Sustainability and the Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
In order to cater for the predicted growth in global population and aspirations for increased living standards, the world needs to increase substantially its level of agricultural production and sustain agriculture’s increased productivity. New technologies may enable this to occur but they also bring with them increased sustainability problems. There are many complex dimensions to achieving agricultural sustainability such as deciding on what agricultural attributes are worth sustaining and considering what trade-offs in objectives are required. These issues are discussed from a conceptual point of view. It is also shown using economic theory that market-based agriculture limits the opportunity for individual farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural sustainability; Biodiversity; Co-evolution; Economic sustainability; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Monopolisation; Patents; Social sustainability.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q010; Q200; Q300; Q500; Q570.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55335
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COSTS AND RISKS OF TESTING AND SEGREGATING GM WHEAT AgEcon
Wilson, William W.; Dahl, Bruce L..
Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system with many participants arguing for Identity Preservation systems prior to release of GM varieties. In this study, a stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies. The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake a dual marketing system with GM/Non-GM segregations over the current Non-GM system. Elements of costs (testing costs, rejection costs, and risk premium) were estimated for a base model representing a grain export chain. The model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Biotechnology; Wheat; Risk; Segregation; Identity preservation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23480
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Economics, Ecology and GMOs: Sustainability, Precaution and Related Issues AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
Ecological, evolutionary and economic issues involved in introducing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), mainly in agriculture, are discussed. The ecological and evolutionary impacts identified hamper (economic) valuation of GMOs and their biosafety regulation and creates difficulties for planning for sustainable development. Assessment of the desirability of releasing GMOs is difficult because of lack of communal agreement about the risks involved, about how much precaution should be exercised given collective risks, and disagreement on the appropriate social criterion to apply. Changes in legal liability are not always economic and cannot eliminate the social conflict generated by GMOs. The economics of developing and marketing GMOs is explored,...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosafety; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Intellectual property rights; Market structure; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122726
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BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM-LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT AgEcon
Makki, Shiva S.; Somwaru, Agapi; Harwood, Joy L..
This study examines the risks associated with adoption of biotech crops and discusses their implications for risk management at the farm level. We develop an analytical risk evaluation matrix framework to illustrate changes in production and marketing risks of biotech and non-biotech crops. Price uncertainty generated by consumer concerns is the major risk facing biotech farmers, while cross-pollination with biotech crops and preservation of non-biotech status are major concerns for non-biotech farmers. Improved market infrastructure to handle biotech products and modification of the current risk management tools to accommodate new risks are essential in reducing the farm-level risks.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Marketing risks; Production risks; Risk evaluation matrix; Risk management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14683
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Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa AgEcon
Jaffe, Gregory.
This paper analyzes the current and proposed biosafety systems in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda using a set of components and characteristics common to functional and protective biosafety regulatory systems. It also assesses how those systems take into account the major international legal obligations that relate to biosafety, such the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol. The paper identifies certain areas in each country’s biosafety regulatory systems where further development and clarification would improve the biosafety system, making it more functional and protective. Those areas include: (1) the addition of procedures to ensure the food safety of genetically engineered organisms; (2) the inclusion of the standard and criteria for making an approval decision;...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Food safety; Genetically modified organisms; Genetic engineering; Regulatory systems; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55425
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Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture AgEcon
Moschini, GianCarlo.
The conceptual model necessary for an assessment of biotechnology's economic benefits and costs is outlined, emphasizing the need to account for the proprietary nature of biotechnology innovations. The model is illustrated with an application to Roundup Ready soybeans. The estimated value of this innovation is sizeable, with consumers and innovators claiming the larger share of net benefits. Also, disparities in intellectual property rights protection across countries affect the distribution of benefits. Consumer resistance toward genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the issues of labeling and market segregation complicate the economic evaluation of biotechnology innovations, and a number of related regulation and public policy issues are discussed....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Identity preservation; Intellectual property rights; R&D; Transgenic crops; Welfare evaluation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18413
Registros recuperados: 34
Primeira ... 12 ... Última
 

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