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Registros recuperados: 109
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FIRMS’ RESPONSES TO NUTRITIONAL POLICIES AgEcon
Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine; Hammoudi, Hakim; Rouached, Lamia; Soler, Louis-Georges.
The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of nutritional policies on the behavior of firms, particularly in terms of food quality and prices, and to assess the potential impacts of such policies from a public health point of view. We determine how new products that are nutritionally improved can emerge in a market where incumbent firms offer competing unhealthy products. We also highlight a non-intentional effect of such policies: if consumer heterogeneity is high, then an information policy may simultaneously provide health benefits to the population as a whole but worsen the health of consumers that are less aware of nutritional effects. For a given level of nutritional tax, we determine the optimal threshold that firms must meet to avoid taxation....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nutrition policy; Product differentiation; Firms’ strategies; Taxation; Quality standards; Public health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L15; I18; H23.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116399
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On the Economics of Rational Self-Medication AgEcon
Akpalu, Wisdom.
It has been established in the medical literature that self-medicating with imperfect information about either the use of a genuine or counterfeit drug or based on wrong self-diagnosis of ailment, which is predominant especially in developing countries, is a risky investment in health capital. This paper models the decision to self-medicate and the demand for self-medicated drugs. We suppose that investment in self-medication depends on the perception of its effectiveness. The results obtained show that the decision to self-medicate depends on the relative price and perceived effectiveness of self-medication, the elasticity of the shadow value of health with respect to the quantity of health capital, and the relative effectiveness of self-medication in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Health Production; Self-Medication; Risky Investment; Government Policy; Dynamic Analysis; Demand and Price Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; I12; I18; D81; C61.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6363
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Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector AgEcon
Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Paul, Anthony; Toman, Michael; Bloyd, Cary.
This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664
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The Effects of a Fat Tax on Dairy Products AgEcon
Chouinard, Hayley H.; Davis, David E.; LaFrance, Jeffrey T.; Perloff, Jeffrey M..
We apply an incomplete demand system to supermarket scanner data to estimate the effects of a fat tax on dairy products for different demographic groups. We find own-price elasticities of demand are relatively inelastic and vary little across groups. A fat tax may be an effective means to raise revenue, but will not result in a significant reduction in fat consumption. The welfare effects associated with a fat tax are large and vary greatly across demographic groups. These fat taxes are regressive in nature, as the elderly and poor suffer greater welfare losses.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Fat tax; Incomplete demand system; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Public Economics; H2; I18.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25078
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Food Safety and Defense Risks in the U.S.-Mexico Produce Chain AgEcon
Nganje, William E.; Richards, Timothy J.; Bravo, Jesus; Hu, Na; Kagan, Albert; Acharya, Ram N.; Edwards, Mark R..
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; I28; L51.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94707
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Antibacterial Efficacy of Eryngium foetidum (Culantro) against Select Food-borne Pathogens AgEcon
Homer, Sharon; Baccus-Taylor, Gail S.H.; Akingbala, John A..
Belize City, Belize 23rd - 27th July, 2007
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Natural food preservatives; Food-borne pathogens; Antibacterial efficacy; Culantro leaves; In-vitro screening; % kill.; Agribusiness; I18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122908
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Willingness to Pay for Biodiesel in Diesel Engines: A Stochastic Double Bounded Contingent Valuation Survey AgEcon
Jeanty, Pierre Wilner; Haab, Timothy C.; Hitzhusen, Frederick J..
The double bounded dichotomous choice format has been proven to improve efficiency in contingent valuation models. However, this format has been criticized due to lack of behavioral and statistical consistencies between the first and the second responses. In this study a split sampling methodology was used to determine whether allowing respondents to express uncertainty in the follow-up question would alleviate such inconsistencies. Results indicate that allowing respondents to express uncertainty in the follow-up question was effective at reducing both types of inconsistencies while efficiency gain is maintained.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Diesel; Environmental benefits; Contingent valuation; Willingness to pay; Double bounded model; And statistical and behavioral inconsistencies; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I18; L91; Q42; Q51; Q53.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9868
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Farm Policy and Obesity in the United States AgEcon
Alston, Julian M.; Rickard, Bradley J.; Okrent, Abigail M..
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95750
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DO NUTRITIONAL CLAIMS MATTER TO CONSUMERS? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS CONSIDERING EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS AgEcon
Banterle, Alessandro; Baldi, Lucia; Stranieri, Stefanella.
Paper accepted after the review process for presentation at the 8th International Conference on Management in AgriFood Chains and Networks Ede-Wageningen, The Netherlands, May 28–30, 2008
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nutritional claims; Consumer; Logit model; European Union; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Q11; Q18; I18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37839
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Collective Reputation, Entry and Minimum Quality Standard AgEcon
Rouviere, Elodie; Soubeyran, Raphael.
This article deals with the issue of entry into an industry where firms share a collective reputation. First, we show that free entry is not socially optimal; there is a need for regulation through the imposition of a minimum quality standard. Second, we argue that a minimum quality standard can induce firms to enter the market. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a minimum quality standard should not always be considered as a barrier to entry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Collective Reputation; Entry; Minimum Quality Standard; Industrial Organization; L11; H41; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6325
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The Effects of Relative Price and Health Information on Derived Demand for Sweeteners in the U.S. Food Processing Industry AgEcon
Hailu, Getu; Thangaraj, Rawlin; Cranfield, John A.L..
The purpose of the study is to examine the differential effects of relative prices and diet-health link information on the degree of substitution between corn and cane sugar in the U.S. food processing sector. Our results suggest that the nature of the relationship between cane and corn sugar is complementary and time-varying; and the elasticity of substitution is more responsive to changes in relative prices than to changes in health information.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Derived Demand; Sweeteners; Relative Prices; Health Information; Trade offs; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D21; I18; L66.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6835
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The Value and Cost of Restaurant Calorie Labels: Results from a Field Experiment AgEcon
Ellison, Brenna D.; Lusk, Jayson L.; Davis, David W..
Using field experiment data, we estimate a structural model of consumer demand to determine the value of information for restaurant menu labels. Our experimental design allows us to compare the effectiveness of calorie labels to a “fat tax” at reducing caloric intake. Results show numeric labels did not influence demand, but symbolic traffic light labels reduced the marginal utility of caloric intake. Our model projects both labels would reduce intake more than high-calorie taxes or low-calorie subsidies. Ultimately, traffic light calorie labels led to the largest reduction in caloric intake but also one of the largest reductions in restaurant net returns.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Menu labeling; Full-service restaurant; Calorie taxes/subsidies; Restaurant net returns; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; D04.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123529
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Accounting for Product Substitution in the Analysis of Food Taxes Targeting Obesity AgEcon
Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..
We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. First, we incorporate the implicit substitution between sugar and fat nutrients implied by a complete food demand system and by conditioning on how food taxes affect total calorie intake. Second, we propose a methodology that accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. This substitution is integrated into a demand system in addition to substitution among food groups. Simulations of a tax on added sugars show that the impact of the tax on consumption patterns is understated and the effect on welfare loss overstated when abstracting from this substitution within food groups.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Discretionary calories; Fat; Food demand; Health policy nutrition; Low-fat; Low-sugar substitutes; Obesity; Sugar; Sweeteners; Tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103320
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POTENTIAL HEALTHCARE SAVINGS FROM PLANT STEROL ENRICHED FOODS IN CANADA AgEcon
Gyles, Collin; Carlberg, Jared G.; Jones, Peter J.H..
Increased consumption of foods containing plant sterols has the potential to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and thus reduce costs associated with treating that disease in a significant way. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the potential monetary benefits of allowing foods enriched with plant sterols to be marketed in Canada. The objective of this research was to estimate the annual savings that would accrue to Canada’s single-payer publicly funded health care system if plant sterols were approved for use. If foods containing plant sterols are consumed at a sufficient rate, a reduction in CHD should follow. This research employs a variation of traditional cost-of-illness analysis entailing four steps: (i)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Coronary heart disease; Cost of illness analysis; Health care costs; Success rate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; I18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116409
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On the Efficiency of Public and Private Health Care Systems: An Application to Alternative Health Policies in the United Kingdom AgEcon
Parry, Ian W.H..
Health policy will be a major issue in Britain's next general election. The Labour government is committed to a substantial increase in funds for the National Health Service (NHS) and has eliminated tax relief for private health insurance. The Conservative Opposition party favors subsidizing private health insurance, though it has pledged to match the government's funding increases for the NHS. This paper develops and implements a methodology for estimating the welfare effects of increasing public and private health care in the United Kingdom, when these policies are financed either by distortionary taxes or by user fees for the NHS. User fees are currently minimal, and the national health market "clears" by creating waiting costs. In the private sector we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: National Health Service; Private health care; Rationing; Subsidies; Welfare effects; Health Economics and Policy; I18; I11; H42.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10822
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Cattle Trade and the Risk of Importing Animal Diseases into the Netherlands AgEcon
Achterbosch, Thom J.; Dopfer, Dorte D.V.; Tabeau, Andrzej A..
Projections of live cattle trade in the EU-25 assist to reduce the uncertainty on the risk of importing animal diseases in the Netherlands. The accession of 10 member states to the European Union has a potentially large impact on livestock trade in the EU as it liberalized in one stroke a trade that was administered by the Management Committee for Beef until May 1, 2004. The approach combines AG-Memod partial equilibrium with GTAP general equilibrium modelling in order to estimate the impact of quota liberalization. Quota removal will substantially alter the regional structure of livestock imports, as the share of new EU member states in the east triples to 25%. The risk outlook indicates a need for enhanced animal health services in the new member states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Livestock; Animal disease; Trade; Projections; Quota; EU-enlargement; Risk and Uncertainty; F17; I18; Q17.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24558
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Obesity in Urban Food Markets: Evidence from Geo-referenced Micro Data AgEcon
Chen, Susan E.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Snyder, Samantha D..
This paper provides quantitative estimates of the effect of proximity to fast food restaurants and grocery stores on obesity in urban food markets. Our empirical model combined georeferenced micro data on access to fast food restaurants and grocery stores with data about salient personal characteristics, individual behaviors, and neighborhood characteristics. We defined a "local food environment" for every individual utilizing 0.5-mile buffers around a person's home address. Local food landscapes are potentially endogenous due to spatial sorting of the population and food outlets, and the body mass index (BMI) values for individuals living close to each other are likely to be spatially correlated because of observed and unobserved individual and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Obesity; Fast food; Grocery store; Spatial econometrics; Micro data; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; D12; I12; I18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49512
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Analyzing Differences in Rural Hospital Efficiency: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach AgEcon
Nedelea, I. Cristian; Fannin, James Matthew; Barnes, James N..
This study analyzes difference in efficiency among the U.S. rural hospitals using a two-stage, semi-parametric approach. Data Envelopment Analysis is used in the first stage to calculate cost, technical and allocative efficiencies of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) and non-CAH rural hospitals. Following Simar and Wilson (2007), bootstrapped truncated regressions are used in the second stage to infer on relationship between the cost, technical and allocative inefficiencies of hospitals and some environmental variables. The estimated results show that CAHs are less cost, technical and allocative efficient than non-CAH rural hospitals. The results also show that Medicare cost-based reimbursement for CAHs has a negative effect on the efficiency of these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Two-stage; Semi-parametric; Bootstrap; Data envelopment analysis; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61391
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Health Risk of Heating Fuel Choice: A Simultaneity Causality Analysis AgEcon
Liu, Zheng; Pagoulatos, Angelos; Hu, Wuyang.
Combustion-generated pollutants, principally those from solid-fuels including biomass and coal when cooking and heating, bring out a significant public health hazard in both developed and developing countries. Most of the existing studies addressing this issue focus on developing countries, and on exposure when cooking rather than heating. By using Kentucky rural data, this research explores the health risk associated with heating fuel choice. Given the simultaneity between heating fuel choice and prevalence of asthma and allergy, we obtain the instrumental variable (IV) estimate for Logit models through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). After correcting for simultaneity bias, we do not find strong evidence supporting the causal relationship between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Combustion-generated pollutants; Indoor air pollution; Heating fuel choice; Health risk; GMM-IV Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Q53; I18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56532
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Devolution and Accountability Effects in the Public Provision of Water Services in Indonesia AgEcon
Meirelles, Patricia; Rodriguez, Catherine.
This paper separately evaluates how devolution and accountability, two distinct aspects of the decentralization reforms implemented in Indonesia in the year 2001, influenced the public provision of water services. Using household level data it is found that the devolution of responsibility does not necessarily affect the provision of public services. Our findings show that the quality of publicly provided water decreased only in cities in which devolution was accompanied by a change in accountability. Robustness checks suggest that these results are driven by changes in the accountability framework rather than trends in the health services.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Decentralization; Accountability; Devolution; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O2; I18; H2; H54.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107395
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