SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Jia, Xiangping; Fock, Achim.

Agriculture in China has experienced a compelling growth in the early 1980s, a buoyant upbeat in the early 1990s, and an extended period of low growth after 1995. Decollectivization, mar-ket reforms, public investments and technology have played a critical role during this overall successful process. However, the transition has also led to increasing inequalities between the agricultural and non-agricultural population, and substantial institutional issues remain to be fully addressed. The Chinese government is now reemphasizing agriculture and rural develop-ment under its New Rural Campaign with the objective to address rural-urban inequalities, but a stronger emphasis on participation and tenure reforms is warranted.

The dimensions of social capital and rural development: evidence from Water Communities in the Republic of Macedonia

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Rural development; Transition; Institutions; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O43; P21; P32.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7953

Gorton, Matthew; Sauer, Johannes; Peshevski, Mile; Bosev, Dane; Shekerinov, Darko; Quarrie, Steve.

Drawing on Nahapiet and Ghoshal's (1998) distinction between the structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions of social capital, this paper analyses the performance of Water Communities (WCs) in the Bregalnica region of the Republic of Macedonia. WCs are farmer-managed local irrigation systems which are critical to livelihoods in Bregalnica. Data on the performance of the WCs and role of social capital was collected via in-depth interviews and a farm survey (n=249) of both members and non-members. Results highlight the importance of social capital in explaining the decision to join a WC, the satisfaction of members with their WC, and payment behaviour.

The Impact of Social Capital on Agricultural Income Among Corporate Farms in the Czech Republic

Palavras-chave: Social capital; Rural development; Irrigation; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O13; P32; Q15.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94916

Wolz, Axel; Fritzsch, Jana; Reinsberg, Klaus.

In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. However, not all of them had been equally successful, economically. In general, a varying adoption of production factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analysed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 166 corporate farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the level of agricultural income.

Marketing, Co-operatives and Price Heterogeneity: Evidence from the CIS Dairy Sector

Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C31; P32; Q12; Z13.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24695

Sauer, Johannes; Gorton, Matthew; White, John.

Drawing on survey data, this paper identifies the determinants of variations in farm gate milk prices for three CIS countries (Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine). We apply a multi-level modeling approach, specifically a bootstrapped and selectivity bias corrected mixed-effects linear regression model. The analysis suggests three main strategies for farmers to improve the price received for their output: consolidation, cooperation and stable supply chain relationships. While selling through a marketing cooperative has a significant and positive effect on farm gate milk prices, the majority of non-members are reluctant to join. The size of dairy operations, trust and contracting also impact positively on the prices received by farmers. Policy implications are...

POLAND'S AGRICULTURE: SERIOUS COMPETITOR OR EUROPE'S POORHOUSE? SURVEY RESULTS ON FARM PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED POLISH VOIVODSHIPS AND A COMPARISON WITH GERMAN FARMS

Palavras-chave: Price heterogeneity; Milk; Cooperatives; Armenia; Moldova; Ukraine; Marketing; O13; P32; Q13.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108938

Petrick, Martin; Spychalski, Grzegorz; Switlyk, Michal; Tyran, Ewa.

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of farm-level data collected in a survey of 464 Polish farms in 2000. Performance indicators of farms in three Polish voivodships are compared with farm accountancy data from two German Länder. The results show that Polish farms were much less profitable than their German counterparts. The gap in income levels is much higher between persons employed in the agricultural sector than between average working persons in the two countries. Living standards within the Polish farm sector decline from the north-west to the south-east. The analysis suggests that the lower profitability of farms is a consequence of pronounced structural deficiencies due to a quite unfavourable workforce-land ratio on Polish farms and...

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Farm performance; Survey data; Poland; Germany; Farm Management; Q12; C81; P32.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14894

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

The paper examines agricultural production and productivity growth in two Central Asian countries – Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Both countries are characterized by a significant shift of resources from the traditional Soviet model of collective agriculture to more market-compliant individual and family farming. In both countries, the beginning of the policy-driven switch to family farming around 1997 coincided with the beginning of recovery in agriculture, namely resumption of agricultural growth after a phase of transition decline since 1991. In addition to growth in total agricultural production, we also observe significant increases in productivity of both land and labor since 1997. These observations suggest that productivity growth may be attributable...

ENDOGENOUS INITIATIVES AS A CHANCE TO IMPROVE RURAL LIVELIHOOD? RESULTS OF A CASE STUDY IN BALTOW, SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54713

Gramzow, Andreas.

Polish rural areas, compared to other EU-25 member states, still show a high agricultural employment due to a lack of job opportunities in other rural economic sectors. In particular, in South-eastern Poland the shut down of heavy industry companies in the early 1990s left many rural inhabitants only with small incomes from their peasant farms or pensions. In the commune Ba³tów (South-eastern Poland) in order to counteract these developments, local development associations and a regional partnership undertook initiatives to stimulate the regional economy by creating a tourism infrastructure. This paper presents a case study, conducted in Ba³tów, which analyses local problems, development chances, and experience with local endogenous initiatives. The main...

EMBEDDED INSTITUTIONS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF LARGE FARMS IN RUSSIA

Palavras-chave: Rural development; Tourism; Leader+; Endogenous; P32; Q10; R11; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14900

Koester, Ulrich; Petrick, Martin.

Differences in farm structures between Russia and western market economies can hardly be made consistent with the neoclassical textbook idea of a technologically determined farm size operating in a perfect market environment. The main aim of the paper is to identify embedded institutions that provide an explanation for the persistent differences. It is shown that these institutions vary widely across countries. We argue that the historical contingency of a patrimonial society that is both hierarchical and egalitarian also has an important bearing on the current persistence of large farming structures in Russia. The cultural beliefs based on this contingency explain the relative absence of entrepreneurial attitude in the rural society, the lack of trust in...

Land Reform and Development of Agricultural Land Markets in Russia

Palavras-chave: Embedded institutions; Agricultural transition; Farm restructuring; Agroholdings; Russia.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; P32; P52; Q12; Q15.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94720

Lerman, Zvi; Shagaida, Natalya.

Russia has experienced dramatic changes in land ownership and tenure since 1991: agricultural land has been largely privatized, individual landowners now have legal rights to most agricultural land in the country, and prohibitions on buying and selling of land have been recently removed. The necessary pre-conditions for the development of agricultural land markets have been met and we are beginning to witness transactions that involve individual landowners, and not only the state. Further development of the land market is circumscribed by the inadequacy of the administrative and technical infrastructure. The paper discusses the evolving legal framework for land reform, considers the impacts on privatization and ownership structure of agricultural land, and...

Marketing, Cooperatives and Price Heterogeneity: Evidence from the CIS Dairy Sector

Palavras-chave: Land reform; Land market; Land leasing; Transition; Land Economics/Use; P23; P26; P31; P32; Q15.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24604

Sauer, Johannes; Gorton, Matthew; White, John.

Agriculture, Structural Change and Socially Responsible Development in China and Vietnam

Palavras-chave: Price Heterogeneity; Milk; Cooperatives; Armenia; Moldova; Ukraine; Preisheterogenität; Milch; Kooperative; Armenien; Moldawien; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; O13; P32; Q13.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114489

LANDWIRTSCHAFT IN MOLDOVA

Tisdell, Clement A..

The gradualism of economic reforms in China and Vietnam (especially in China, which has led the way in this regard) has been commented on favourably by many analysts studying transitional economies. Early market reforms in China and Vietnam were constrained by political considerations and consequently, began in agriculture and in China’s case, in rural areas with the development of town-and-village enterprises as well. It is argued that at the time when the reforms began, they were socially responsible. However, they have created a legacy which has resulted in agricultural land disputes and many town-and-village enterprises now face new economic challenges resulting in social conflict as the structure of China’s economy alters and greater market...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: China; Commercialisation of agriculture; Economic reform; Land rights; Town-and-village enterprises; Transitional economies; Vietnam.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; P21; P25; P31; P32.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123022

Petrick, Martin.

This paper provides an overview of the economic situation of agriculture in the Republic of Moldova. Emphasis is laid on the natural conditions for production, its structure, trade, as well as the historical development of agriculture and its transition to the market after 1991.

Productivity and Efficiency of Corporate and Individual Farms in Ukraine

Palavras-chave: Moldova; Agriculture; Transition; Moldova; Landwirtschaft; Transformation im Agrarsektor.; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Production Economics; P32; Q13; Q15.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91952

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of corporate and individual farms in Ukraine based primarily on cross-section data from a farm survey conducted by FAO in 2005. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) for farms of different organizational forms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that, contrary to established convictions among the Ukrainian decision makers, the large corporate farms are not more productive than the smaller family farms. This finding is not restricted to Ukraine, as a similar result has been obtained by in Moldova, Russia, and the U.S. Policies encouraging a shift from large corporate farms...

Measurement and Explanation of Technical Efficiency Performance in Ukrainian Agriculture, 1991-1996

Palavras-chave: Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Technical efficiency; Total factor productivity; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; D24; J24; P27; P31; P32; Q12; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9985

Murova, Olga I.; Trueblood, Michael A.; Coble, Keith H..

The present study examines technical efficiency patterns in Ukraine’s crop sector for 1991-1996. The economic and policy environment in Ukraine has changed since reform began in 1991. Many policy changes have exerted offsetting economic pressures on efficiency. Enterprise privatization and the liberalization of prices and trade put upward pressure on technical efficiency, whereas start-stop land privatization efforts, unpredictable government intervention, and slow developments in the credit and labor markets put downward pressure on efficiency. We found that technical efficiency appears to have improved slightly over the 1991-1996 period, suggesting that the positive forces had more impact.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Data envelopment analysis; Enterprise privatization; Inefficiency; Price liberalization; Productivity; Stochastic frontier analysis; Technical efficiency; D29; E23; E66; O38; P32.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43430

EXPERIENCE WITH ENDOGENOUS RURAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES AND THE PROSPECTS FOR LEADER+ IN THE REGION "DOLINA STRUGU", POLAND

Gramzow, Andreas.

This paper presents the results of a case study of local economic development in Dolina Strugu, Podkarpackie voivodship, Poland. Its aim is to analyse local development problems and chances, to investigate the potential of endogenous initiatives to support economic development, and to examine the prospects for an implementation of the EU's initiative Leader+. The case study primarily relies on interviews conducted with local government authorities, NGOs, business owners and farmers in summer 2005. The hitherto unsatisfactory income situation in agriculture has been particularly precarious for the region because two thirds of the people in working age are employed in agriculture and alternative job opportunities are mostly absent. To respond to these...

Economic Growth and Transition in Vietnam and China and its Consequences for their Agricultural Sectors: Policy and Agricultural Adjustment Issues

Palavras-chave: Rural development; Endogenous initiative; Leader+; Cooperation; Poland; Community/Rural/Urban Development; P32; Q13; R11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14907

Tisdell, Clement A..

Secondary data are used to discuss and compare the consequences for agriculture of economic growth and transition in Vietnam and China. It is found that China and Vietnam have experienced similar adjustments in their agricultural sectors and face at this time, similar agricultural policy problems. China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred within...

Survival and Growth of Family Farms in a Transition Country – The Hungarian Case

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Asia; China; Economic transition; Farm employment; Land reforms; Land rights; Livestock; Non-farm employment; Structural change.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; O25; O5; P32; Q1.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94305

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre.

The paper investigates the validity of Gibrat’s Law in Hungarian agriculture. We use FADN data between 2001 and 2007 and employ quantile regression techniques to test the validity of Gibrat’s Law across quantiles. The Law is strongly rejected for all quantiles, providing strong evidence that smaller farms tend to grow faster than larger ones. We provide a number of socio-economic factors that can explain farm growth. Of these we found that total subsidies received by farm and far operator’s age are the most significant factors.

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND LARGE FARMS IN MOLDOVA

Palavras-chave: Gibrat’s Law; Family farm; Quantile regression; Transition agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; P32; Q12; Q19.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52846

Lerman, Zvi; Sutton, William R..

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of small and large farms in Moldova based primarily on cross-section data from three farm surveys conducted by the World Bank and USAID in 2000 and 2003. The survey data are supplemented where feasible with time series from official national-level statistics. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analysis algorithms) for the two categories of small individual farms and large corporate farms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that small individual farms in Moldova are more productive and more efficient than large corporate farms. This finding is not restricted...

FARM INVESTMENT, CREDIT RATIONING, AND PUBLIC CREDIT POLICY IN POLAND: A MICROECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7133

Petrick, Martin.

The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the effects of governmentally promoted credit access on the investment behaviour of credit rationed farmers. This is done by specifying an empirical investment equation which is estimated on a cross-sectional sample of Polish farm household data. In contrast to conventional neo-classical investment models, the investment equation contains the financial variable long-term credit access, which plays the central role in this study. The econometric analysis is used to analyse the determinants of credit access and estimate the marginal effect of credit on investment, which in turn provides the key information for policy evaluation. The results suggest that access to subsidised credit has a significant role in...

SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

Palavras-chave: Farm investment; Credit policy; Poland; Microeconometrics; Agricultural Finance; Q12; Q14; P32.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14872

Wolz, Axel; Fritzsch, Jana; Pencakova, Jitka.

The change of the political regime from the socialist central planning system to a market economy and pluralistic society required the reorganisation not only of agricultural production, but also of the organisations in their support. In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is characterised by a dualistic structure in these days, i.e. private farmers on the one side and corporate farms on the other. However, among both groups some had been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of production factors, i.e. land, labour and capital is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor, which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite...