SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Tisdell, John G.; Grainger, Corinne.

Australia is currently developing a carbon emissions trading program. The Garnaut report recommendations include options for the allocation of carbon credits, trading schemes, banking and borrowing, and self reporting mechanisms. This paper reports the results of a series of economic experiments in which we explored spot and future markets given high and low levels of carbon credit reductions. The results provide important insights to the current debate in Australia and highlight the importance of well crafted market design.

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; Q54.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51044

Ngugi, Daniel; Mullen, Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom, John C..

This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model. The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.

The Role of Stakeholders' Perceptions in Addressing Water Quality Disputes in an Embattled Watershed

Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46853

Popp, Jennie S. Hughes; Rodriguez, German.

Preliminary results of a survey of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders in the Lincoln Lake Watershed suggests discrepancies exists in different groups perceptions of water quality, the sources of water pollution, and the roles of local, county, state and federal officials in meeting water quality objectives.

Colombia's Discharge Fee Program: Incentives for Polluters of Regulators?

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53; Q59.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34808

Blackman, Allen.

Colombia's discharge fee system for water effluents is often held up as a model of a well-functioning, economic-incentive pollution control program in a developing country. Yet few objective, up-to-date evaluations of the program have appeared. Based on a variety of primary and secondary evaluative data, this paper finds that that the program has been beset by a number of serious problems including limited implementation in many regions, widespread noncompliance by municipal sewage authorities, and a confused relationship between discharge fees and discharge standards. Nevertheless, in several watersheds, pollution loads dropped significantly after the program was introduced. While proponents claim the incentives that discharge fees created for polluters...

Evaluacion de impactos ambientales derivados de estrategias de restauracion a traves de las decisiones de jurados de ciudadanos

Palavras-chave: Environment; Economic incentive; Market based instrument; Discharge fees; Water pollution; Latin America; Colombia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10869

Alvarez-Farizo, Begona; Gil, Jose Maria; Howard, B.J..

En los últimos años hemos asistido a una serie de vertidos contaminantes que han afectado tanto a espacios naturales como a áreas urbanas, industriales y rurales. Para mitigar sus efectos se hace necesaria una gestión integrada de las áreas productivas y naturales. Sin embargo, para que esta gestión sea eficaz es necesario considerar no sólo los efectos de las posibles medidas sobre la salud o los efectos biofísicos sobre el ambiente sino también la respuesta de los individuos a estos cambios. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en la evaluación de los potenciales impactos, tanto ambientales como sociales, que se pueden derivar de las estrategias de restauración por vertidos. El enfoque adoptado se basa en la realización de un experimento de elección...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Q53; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q52.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28787

Between Estimates of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

Socioeconomic Factors and Water Quality in California

Stern, David I..

Acknowledgements: Elbert Dijkgraaf for providing the data used in their paper.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Carbon; Sulfur; Environmental Kuznets curve; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; Q53; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94883

Farzin, Y. Hossein; Grogan, Kelly A..

We investigate the relationships between water quality and socioeconomic factors in California at the county level for the years 1993 to 2006 using 24 water quality indicators coming from seven different types of water bodies. We estimate these relationships using three classes of models: the traditional per capita income-pollution level - Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) - specifications, a more inclusive model containing main socioeconomic variables such as agricultural intensity, land use, ethnic composition, population density and educational attainment, and a model that includes the socioeconomic variables while accounting for spatial correlations too. For most water quality indicators, we do not find support for EKC specifications. For pollutants...

Impact of EPA's Voluntary 33/50 Program on Pollution Prevention Adoption and Toxic Releases

Palavras-chave: Water Quality Indicators; Socioeconomic Variables; EKC; Agriculture; Industry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; C23.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115721

Bi, Xiang; Khanna, Madhu.

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/25/08.

How Far Can Poultry Litter Go? A New Technology for Litter Transport

Palavras-chave: 33/50 program; Toxic release inventory; Releases; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; Q53; L60.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6258

Carreira, Rita I.; Young, Kenneth B.; Goodwin, Harold L., Jr.; Wailes, Eric J..

Exporting northwest Arkansas excess turkey and broiler litter to partially fertilize nutrient-deficient cropland in eastern Arkansas can be more cost effective than to supply all crop nutrients with chemical fertilizer only, given current high fertilizer prices. Cost savings are greater if litter is baled in ultraviolet resistant plastic and transported via truck, since backhaul opportunities reduce truck rates, or alternatively, if raw litter is shipped via a truck-barge combination. Rice is the crop that allows for greater savings according to a mathematical programming model implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS).

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Baling poultry litter; Barge transportation; Cost minimization; Manure management; Mathematical programming; Nutrient surplus; Poultry litter; Truck transportation; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; C61; C65; Q12; Q30; Q53.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37050

Carbon Labeling for Consumer Food Goods

Shewmake, Sharon; Okrent, Abigail M.; Thabrew, Lanka; Vandenbergh, Michael.

We construct a model to predict how consumers will respond to better information about the carbon content of 42 foods and a nonfood composite as well as product categories through a label, and provide guidance as to what kinds of goods would provide the highest CO¬2eq emission reductions through a labeling scheme. Our model assumes that consumers value their individual carbon footprint, allowing us to utilize estimates of own- and cross-price elasticities of demand from the literature on demand analysis. We make three different assumptions about how consumers currently value their carbon footprint and find that when a label informs consumers, their baseline perception matters. We also find that carbon labels on alcohol and meat would achieve the largest...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Food labeling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; D83; Q18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124369

Enforcement and Environmental Quality in a Decentralized Emission Trading System

D'Amato, Alessio; Valentini, Edilio.

This paper addresses the issue of whether the powers of monitoring compliance and allocating tradeable emissions allowances within a federation of countries should be appointed to a unique federal regulator or decentralized to several local regulators. To this end, we develop a two stage game played by environmental regulator(s) and the polluting industries of two countries. Regulator(s) choose the amount of emission allowances to be issued and set the level of monitoring effort to achieve full compliance, while regulated firms choose actual emissions and the number of permits to be held. We identify various, possibly conflicting, spillovers among states in a decentralized setting. We show that cost advantage in favor of local regulators is not sufficient...

Health Risk of Heating Fuel Choice: A Simultaneity Causality Analysis

Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading; Environmental Federalism; Enforcement; Monitoring Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; K42; Q53.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46654

Liu, Zheng; Pagoulatos, Angelos; Hu, Wuyang.

Combustion-generated pollutants, principally those from solid-fuels including biomass and coal when cooking and heating, bring out a significant public health hazard in both developed and developing countries. Most of the existing studies addressing this issue focus on developing countries, and on exposure when cooking rather than heating. By using Kentucky rural data, this research explores the health risk associated with heating fuel choice. Given the simultaneity between heating fuel choice and prevalence of asthma and allergy, we obtain the instrumental variable (IV) estimate for Logit models through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). After correcting for simultaneity bias, we do not find strong evidence supporting the causal relationship between...

An Interpretative Model of Aquaculture Multifunctionality: A Methodological Framework Definition

Palavras-chave: Combustion-generated pollutants; Indoor air pollution; Heating fuel choice; Health risk; GMM-IV Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Q53; I18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56532

De Blasi, Giuseppe; Acciani, Claudio; De Boni, A.; Roma, R..

International trade agreements and the new EU CAP targets require the definition of a new type of subsidy, depending on the non-market functions provided by production activities. The aim of the research project reported in this paper is to find a model to reward multifunctionality of aquaculture, defining all the positive externalities it involves and trying to calculate a monetary value for each of these.

U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Spatial-Temporal Econometric Approach of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

Palavras-chave: Environment; Bioeconomics; Distributional Effects; Ecological Economics; Water Pollution; Livestock Production/Industries; P28; Q52; Q53; Q57; Q58.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56002

Burnett, J. Wesley; Bergstrom, John C..

One of the major criticisms of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored. By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors). By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results. By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics. To address this potential...

Transcending the Limitations of Environmental Economic Framing: Toward a Metaeconomics of Environmental Choice

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide; Spatial Econometrics; Panel Data Econometrics; Time Series Analysis; Environmental Economics; Pollution Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q53; Q43; C01; C33.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96031

Czap, Natalia V.; Czap, Hans J.; Khachaturyan, Marianna; Lynne, Gary D.; Burbach, Mark E..

This paper further tests dual interest theory and the metaeconomics approach to environmental choice, recognizing a possible role for empathy-sympathy (the basis for an internalized, shared other-interest) in tempering and conditioning the more fundamental tendency to pursue self-interest. To test, we focus on rivers flowing through agricultural areas carrying sediments, chemicals, and fertilizers which are making their way into downstream rivers and lakes. We use data from a framed experiment. Farmers decide on the usage of conservation technology to lessen impacts on the water quality in downstream areas, which is more costly. The results confirm our hypotheses, demonstrating that upstream farmers who practice conservation are tempering profit...

Groundwater Management in the Presence of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Incentives for Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Dual-interest model; Metaeconomics; Empathy; Sympathy; Selfism; Environmental experiment; Behavioral economics; Water quality; Conservation tillage; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C9; D03; Q25; Q53; Q57..

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102866

Baker, Justin Scott; Murray, Brian C..

This study explores the interactions of groundwater extraction, quality, and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions within a productive agricultural region. Two conceptual models are proposed. In the first, GHG emissions are managed at the local level, and an efficient level of abatement is solved for endogenously to the system. Here, regional management of GHG emissions offers an alternative policy tool for managing quantity/quality by internalizing the costs of a common externality associated with both groundwater extraction and nitrogen fertilizer application. A simple numerical simulation is used to illustrate the potential groundwater co-benefits of managing agricultural GHG emissions within the system. The second model reflects the reality that GHG...

HEDONIC PRICE FUNCTIONS: GUIDANCE ON EMPIRICAL SPECIFICATION

Palavras-chave: Groundwater; GHG Mitigation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53; Q54.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49481

Kuminoff, Nicolai V.; Parmeter, Christopher F.; Pope, Jaren C..

The hedonic pricing model is widely accepted as a method for estimating the marginal willingness to pay for spatially delineated amenities. Empirical applications typically rely on one of three functional forms—linear, semi-log, and double-log—and rarely involve rigorous specification testing. This phenomenon is largely due to an influential simulation study by Cropper, Deck and McConnell (CDM) (1988) that found, among other things, that simpler linear specifications outperformed more flexible functional forms in the face of omitted variables. In the 20 years that have elapsed since their study, there have been major computational advances and significant changes in the way hedonic price functions can be estimated. The purpose of our paper is to update and...

Emissions Trading with Telecommuting Credits: Regulatory Background and Institutional Barriers

Palavras-chave: Hedonic; Functional Form; Monte Carlo Simulation; Property Value Model; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q15; Q51; Q53; C15; R52.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6555

Nelson, Peter.

The 1999 National Telecommuting and Air Quality Act created pilot programs in five metropolitan areas in the United States to examine whether a particular type of economic incentive, tradable emissions credits created from telecommuting, represents a viable strategy for reducing vehicle miles traveled and improving air quality (H.R. 2094, 2000). Under the ecommute program, companies could generate emissions credits by reducing the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) of their workforce through telework programs. They would then be able to sell the credits to firms that needed the reductions to comply with air quality regulations. This paper provides some context for evaluating whether such a trading scheme represents a feasible approach to reducing mobile source...

Assessing the Risk of Oil Spills in the Mediterranean: the Case of the Route from the Black Sea to Italy

Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; R4; Q53; Q58.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10884

Bigano, Andrea; Sheehan, Paul.

Recent major spills on European coasts have highlighted the primary policy relevance for the EU of oil spills. This paper assesses the risks related to carrying oil to the EU along the route from the Russian Black Sea coast to Sicily, Italy (one of the most congested and strategically relevant European import routes). We develop a methodology based on Fault Tree Analysis, and we apply it to the most likely causes of an oil spill. We couple the resulting probabilities with data on expected spill size, types of oil carried and cleanup costs, to estimate expected costs for cleanup and loss of cargo. The route analysed appears to be a risky one; there is a high to very high risk of a spill along this route. The Turkish Straits turn out to be the major...

The Role of Information Provision as a Policy Instrument to Supplement Environmental Taxes: Empowering Consumers to Choose Optimally

Palavras-chave: Oil spills; Cleanup costs; Risk analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q51; Q52; Q53.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12112

Sartzetakis, Eftichios S.; Xepapadeas, Anastasios; Petrakis, Emmanuel.

The present paper examines, within a dynamic framework, the use of information provision as a policy instrument to supplement environmental taxation. We assume that at least a fraction of consumers do not posses the required information to make the optimal choices, and that their behavior at each time period depends on the accumulated stock of information. We show that, as the accumulated stock of information provision increases, both the optimal level of information provided at each period of time and the optimal tax rate decline over time. Our results provide strong evidence in support of information campaigns as a policy instrument to supplement traditional environmental policies. Information provision can shift the demand towards environmentally...