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Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias quitinolíticas ruminales Colegio de Postgraduados
Piloni Martini, Javier.
Los principales objetivos del presente estudio fueron aislar y seleccionar bacterias ruminales quitinolíticas con alta capacidad para degradar quitina pura y caparazón de camarón in vitro, e identificar genéticamente a las bacterias seleccionadas usando secuencias de su gen 16S rARN amplificado mediante PCR. El aislamiento de las bacterias ruminales se inicio con un cultivo mixto liofilizado de bacterias quitinolíticas (CMBQ) obtenido de borregos alimentados con una dieta con 25% de caparazón de camarón. Se requirieron tres aislamientos progresivos para obtener dos bacterias ruminales puras. En el primer aislamiento se obtuvieron seis consorcios bacterianos: BQT1, BQT2, BQT3, BQT4, BQT6 y BQT6 , a partir de CMBQ. Por su alta capacidad para...
Palavras-chave: Rumen; Quitina; Caparazón de camarón; Bacterias quitinolíticas; 16S rARN Rumen; Chitin; Shrimp shell waste; Chitinolytic bacteria; 16S r RNA.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/787
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Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias quitinolíticas ruminales Colegio de Postgraduados
Piloni Martini, Javier.
Los principales objetivos del presente estudio fueron aislar y seleccionar bacterias ruminales quitinolíticas con alta capacidad para degradar quitina pura y caparazón de camarón in vitro, e identificar genéticamente a las bacterias seleccionadas usando secuencias de su gen 16S rARN amplificado mediante PCR. El aislamiento de las bacterias ruminales se inicio con un cultivo mixto liofilizado de bacterias quitinolíticas (CMBQ) obtenido de borregos alimentados con una dieta con 25% de caparazón de camarón. Se requirieron tres aislamientos progresivos para obtener dos bacterias ruminales puras. En el primer aislamiento se obtuvieron seis consorcios bacterianos: BQT1, BQT2, BQT3, BQT4, BQT6 y BQT6 , a partir de CMBQ. Por su alta capacidad para degradar...
Tipo: Tesis Palavras-chave: Rumen; Quitina; Caparazón de camarón; Bacterias quitinolíticas; 16S rARN; Rumen; Quitina; Caparazón de camarón; Bacterias quitinolíticas; 16S rARN; Rumen; Chitin; Shrimp shell waste; Chitinolytic bacteria; 16S r RNA.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1170
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Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias quitinolíticas ruminales Colegio de Postgraduados
Piloni Martini, Javier.
Los principales objetivos del presente estudio fueron aislar y seleccionar bacterias ruminales quitinolíticas con alta capacidad para degradar quitina pura y caparazón de camarón in vitro, e identificar genéticamente a las bacterias seleccionadas usando secuencias de su gen 16S rARN amplificado mediante PCR. El aislamiento de las bacterias ruminales se inicio con un cultivo mixto liofilizado de bacterias quitinolíticas (CMBQ) obtenido de borregos alimentados con una dieta con 25% de caparazón de camarón. Se requirieron tres aislamientos progresivos para obtener dos bacterias ruminales puras. En el primer aislamiento se obtuvieron seis consorcios bacterianos: BQT1, BQT2, BQT3, BQT4, BQT6 y BQT6 , a partir de CMBQ. Por su alta capacidad para...
Palavras-chave: Rumen; Quitina; Caparazón de camarón; Bacterias quitinolíticas; 16S rARN Rumen; Chitin; Shrimp shell waste; Chitinolytic bacteria; 16S r RNA.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/810
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Caracteristicas digestivas del heno de alfalfa (Medicago sativa), producida en el valle de Mexicali durante dos épocas de corte Colegio de Postgraduados
Rosales Martínez, Gerardo Noé.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características de digestión ruminal y el flujo de nutrientes a duodeno e íleon del heno de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) de dos épocas de corte (verano e invierno) en novillos Holstein. Se usaron cuatro novillos Holstein (240±KgPV) con cánulas en rumen, duodeno e íleon. Los tratamientos fueron heno de alfalfa de verano (HAV) y heno de alfalfa de invierno (HAI), en un diseño cross over. Los datos se analizaron con PROC GLM de SAS y se usó la prueba de Tukey para comparar las medias. Se analizó la composición del heno y se midieron variables de digestión. El flujo a duodeno de MS, MO, FDN, FDA y NN, al igual que el flujo a íleon de MS, MO, FDN, y FDA fue mayor (P!0.10) para el HAV en comparación al HAI. La...
Tipo: Tesis Palavras-chave: Heno de alfalfa; Rumen; Digestibilidad; Flujo; Maestría; Ganadería; Alfalaf hay; Digestibility; Flow.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1511
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Aislamiento, filogenia e identificación bioquímica de una especie de Shigella de rumen con capacidad para degradar celulosa. Colegio de Postgraduados
Luna Rodríguez, Lorena.
De una muestra tomada del rumen de un bovino se aisló una cepa de Shigella sp nov en condiciones anaerobias, y creció en medio selectivo cuya única fuente de carbono fue celulosa, a 39 °C y pH 6.8. La bacteria aislada es Gram negativa, en forma de coco bacilo, con actividad celulolítica cuando se utilizó la tinción con rojo congo en colonias de 10 d. Los resultados filogenéticos indican que se encuentra ubicada en el grupo monofilético perteneciente al género Shigella, pero con 98 % de similitud con respecto a las demás especies del taxa, por lo cual este microorganismo es una especie no reconocida. La utilización de azúcares y alcoholes de la cepa aislada se determinó con el Kit API 50 CH y el Software API WEB. De acuerdo con los resultados hubo...
Palavras-chave: Shigella; Rumen; Celulolítica; Monofilético; Cellulolytic; Monophyletic; Ganadería; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1860
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Aislamiento y caracterización de Streptococcus bovis y estudio inicial para el aislamiento de su bacteriófago Colegio de Postgraduados
López Garrido, Serafín Jacobo.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener un cultivo puro de la bacteria ruminal Streptococcus bovis a partir de líquido ruminal de ovinos alimentados con una dieta alta en sorgo (70 % en base seca). Además, se analizó su actividad fermentativa (producción de AGV y lactato) y el proceso de liofilizado como método de conservación, y se realizaron ensayos para expresar su bacteriófago. Para el aislamiento se usó un medio comercial para Streptococcus spp. (Merck) preparado bajo anaerobiosis. Para la identificación se usó el sistema API 20 Strep, reacción catalasa, morfología celular y tinción de Gram. Con la prueba API 20 Strep se comprobó que la bacteria aislada pertenece a la especie S. bovis. Esta bacteria tiene forma esférica a ovoide, de 0.8...
Tipo: Tesis Palavras-chave: Rumen; Streptococcus bovis; Aislamiento; Iiofilización; Bacteriófago; Doctorado; Ganadería; Isolation; Lyophilization; Bacteriophage.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1402
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Evaluación de dos compuestos comerciales con cromo+selenio quelatados y Saccharomyces cerevisiae en dietas para ovinos en engorda. Colegio de Postgraduados
Reséndiz Hernández, Miriam.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos fuentes orgánicas queladas comerciales, Cr-levadura y Se-levadura, y de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), en la digestibilidad in situ de la MS, FDN, FDA y PC; pH, AGV y N-NH3 en el rumen; consumo de MS, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), conversión alimenticia (CA), peso y contenido de grasa de la canal de borregos. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) testigo (T; sin Cr, Se, ni SC); 2) T + Cr + Se; 3) T + SC; y 4) T + Cr + Se + SC, los cuales se asignaron al azar a 20 borregos criollos (29.88 ± 2.98 kg) en finalización para el experimento de variables productivas; y en un cuadro latino 4 x 4 con cuatro borregos machos (30 ± 2 kg) con cánula ruminal para evaluar degradación in situ y variables de fermentación...
Palavras-chave: Cromo; Selenio; Levadura; Ovinos; Digestibilidad; Rumen; Chromium; Selenium; Yeast; Sheep; Digestibility; Maestría; Ganadería.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/750
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Técnica do gás traçador SF6 para medição de campo do metano ruminal em bovinos: adaptações para o Brasil. Infoteca-e
PRIMAVESI, O.; FRIGHETO, R. T. S.; PEDREIRA, M. S.; LIMA, M. A.; BERCHIELLI, T. T.; DEMARCHI, J. J. A. A.; MANELA, M. Q.; BARBOSA, P. F.; JOHNSON, K. A.; WESTBERG, H. H..
bitstream/CPPSE/15523/1/PROCIDOC39OP2004.00219.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Gás metano; Técnica do gás traçador.; Gas; Metano; Bovino; Rumen; Analise; Equipamento.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/42497
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Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) in Izmir, Turkey and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations ArchiMer
Gurelli, Gozde.
Species composition and distribution of ciliates were investigated in the rumen contents of 15 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) living in Izmir, Turkey. Twenty-three species and 11 morphotypes belonging to nine genera were identified. The density of ciliates was 118.3 +/- 63.5 x 10 4 cells ml(-1), and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 13.5 +/- 5.3. Entodinium simulans was the most abundant species, with a prevalence of 100%. Two morphotypes of Diplodinium flabellum were identified, such as D. flabellum m. aspinatum and D. flabellum m. monospinatum, and E. simulans m. dubardi was found for the first time in domestic sheep in Turkey. The scanning electron microscopic observations of Entodinium longinucleatum, E. bursa, E. rectangulatum m....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Rumen; Ciliate; Sheep; SEM; Turkey.
Ano: 2017 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00495/60617/64118.pdf
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Evaluation of whey fermented by Enterococcus faecium in consortium with Veilonella parvula in ruminant feeding R. Bras. Zootec.
Oliveira,Juliana Silva de; Queiroz,Augusto César de; Mantovani,Hilário Cuquetto; Bayão,Geraldo Fábio Viana; Detmann,Edenio; Santos,Edson Mauro; Silva,Thiago Carvalho da.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the whey fermented by Enterococcus faecium in consortium with Veilonella parvula on the in vitro growth of ruminal bacteria and as a supplement in the cattle diet. In the in vitro experiment, a randomized design, with the following combinations was used: ruminal bacteria; ruminal bacteria and inactive whey; ruminal bacteria and active whey; and active whey. In the in vivo experiment, five fistulated Zebu Holstein-Zebu crossbred heifers were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Supplements were formulated without the addition of whey, with the addition of two levels of unfermented whey (2.5 and 5 L/day) or two levels of fermented whey (2.5 and 5 L/day). A positive effect of the whey fermentation was detected on...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lactate; Organic acids; Propionic acid; Rumen.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000100025
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Effect of whey fermented by Enterococcus faeciumin consortium with Veilonella parvulaon ruminal bacteria in vitro R. Bras. Zootec.
Bezerra,Higor Fábio Carvalho; Oliveira,Juliana Silva de; Santos,Edson Mauro; Queiroz,Augusto César de; Mantovani,Hilário Cuquetto; Pinho,Ricardo Martins Araujo; Oliveira Junior,Jurandir Queiroz de; Costa,Elizabete Cristina Batista da.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of whey fermented by Enterococus faecium in consortium with Veilonella parvula in vitro on ruminal microorganisms in different substrates, with or without monensin. The first experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 3 factorial arrangement (six substrates × three whey levels) with two replicates. In experiment two, a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial arrangement (with and without monensin, three foods and four levels of fermented whey) was used, in a randomized design with four replicates, totaling 24 treatments. There was no interaction among the wheys and the substrates in the variable for pectin, starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose. There was a greater growth of amylolytic and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ammonia; Fermentation; Microbial protein; Monensin; Rumen; Ruminal pH.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982014000500259
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Recent developments in nucleic acid based techniques for use in rumen manipulation R. Bras. Zootec.
McSweeney,Christopher; Kang,Seungha; Gagen,Emma; Davis,Carl; Morrison,Mark; Denman,Stuart.
Nucleic acid-based techniques which can be used to characterise complex microbial communities without incubation are now being employed regularly in ruminant nutrition studies. Conventional culture-based methods for enumerating rumen microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi) have been superseded and are now used mainly to obtain pure isolates of novel organisms and reference strains that are required for the development and validation of the nucleic acid approaches. These reference strains are also essential for physiological studies of the lifestyle of the organisms as well as sources of genomic DNA and RNA that can be analysed for functional gene activity. The foundation of the molecular ecology techniques is 16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ecology; Functional analysis; Microbial; Molecular; Ribosomal; Rumen.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009001300034
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New approaches, development, and improvement of methodologies for the assessment of B-vitamin requirements in dairy cows R. Bras. Zootec.
Girard,Christiane L..
ABSTRACT Studies on B-vitamin requirements of cattle, conducted more than 60 years ago, concluded that mature ruminants do not require B-vitamin supplements because the amounts of vitamins provided by the diet and synthesized by the ruminal microflora were sufficient to prevent emergence of deficiency symptoms. As a result, the impact of subclinical deficiency on maintenance of normal and efficient metabolism has been disregarded and very little research effort has been devoted at defining dairy cow requirements for B vitamins. However, emergence of deficiency symptoms is the last stage of the deficiency; deficiency appears as soon as the supply is inferior to the needs, leading to a loss of metabolic efficiency. As B vitamins play critical roles in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: B-vitamin; Dairy cow; Metabolism; Requirement; Rumen.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982017000700614
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Ruminal degradability of hard or soft texture corn grain at three maturity stages Scientia Agricola
Pereira,Marcos Neves; Von Pinho,Renzo Garcia; Bruno,Ralph Guilherme da Silva; Calestine,Gabriela Arruda.
The predominance of vitreous endosperm in hard texture flint corn (Zea mays L.) can decrease ruminal starch digestion comparatively to the farinaceous endosperm of dent corn, reducing energy content of the grain. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of texture and maturity stage on ruminal degradability of corn grain. Two dent and two flint hybrids were harvested at the early dent, half milk line, and black layer stages. The proportion of vitreous endosperm (vitreousness) in dent hybrids was 44.3%, while in flint it was 67.0%. There was a linear increase in vitreousness with advancing maturity. Flint hybrids at the early dent stage were more vitreous than dent at the black layer stage. The increase in vitreousness per maturation day...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Vitreousness; Endosperm; Dent corn; Flint corn; Rumen.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162004000400002
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In situ degradability of corn stover and elephant-grass harvested at four stages of maturity Scientia Agricola
Silva,Luis Felipe Prada e; Cassoli,Laerte Dagher; Roma Júnior,Luiz Carlos; Rodrigues,Ana Carolina de Oliveira; Machado,Paulo Fernando.
Among tropical forages, corn silage is largely used by farmers trying to explore the maximum genetic potential from the animals. However, other tropical forages, such as elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum), are more productive and therefore cheaper to use than corn silage. Our objective was to compare the in situ degradability of elephant-grass with that from corn hybrids, all harvested at four stages of maturity. The experimental design followed a randomized block design with nested subplots. Two corn hybrids: AG5011, ZN8392 were harvested with 25, 30, 35, and 40% dry matter (DM) in the whole plant, and separated in stem + leaf sheath + leaf blade (stover), and cobs. Elephant-grass was harvested with 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after a leveling cut. Dried...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Pennisetum purpureum; Corn silage; Digestibility; Rumen; Tropical grass.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162008000600005
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Ruminal silage degradability and productivity of forage and grain-type sorghum cultivars Scientia Agricola
Resende,José Antônio; Pereira,Marcos Neves; Pinho,Renzo Garcia Von; Fonseca,Abeilard Henrique; Silva,Aloísio Ricardo Pereira da.
Forages for feeding dairy cows should conciliate the potential for high dry matter yield per unit area, maximizing animal stocking rate, with high nutritive value, which enables decreasing the amount of concentrate feedstuffs per milk unit produced. Eighteen sorghum cultivars were cultivated 0.70 m apart and with 12 plants per linear meter. Plants harvested at the milk-to-dough stage were ensiled in the laboratory. Eleven agronomic and chemical traits were evaluated. Silage samples were incubated in situ and the effective ruminal dry matter degradation (DEF) was calculated assuming a fractional passage rate of -0.04 h-1. Dry matter yield was 13.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± S.D.) t ha-1. The neutral detergent fiber content was 50.3 ± 3.8 and the DEF was 48.8 ± 2.8% (dry...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Digestibility; Fiber; Rumen; In situ; Corn silage.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162003000300007
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Simulation model for particle dynamics in rumen of cattle fed sugarcane diet Scientia Agricola
Collao-Saenz,Edgar Alain; Dijkstra,Jan; Paiva,Paulo César de Aguiar; Bannink,André; Arcuri,Pedro Braga; Teixeira,Júlio César; Olalquiaga Pérez,Juan Ramón; David,Flávia Maria.
Animal simulation models are sets of equations used to describe biological processes. A non-steady state simulation model of cattle digestion is presented in order to represent nutrient availability as a response to feed intake pattern and the kinetics of particle size reduction. Variables representing the particle size reduction and discontinuous voluntary feed intake were included in a mechanistic model created to optimize the supplementation of sugarcane based diets. In general the predicted values were very close to observed values for fibre and nitrogen flows. The model has not shown consistent bias in relation to the behavior of the observed data of duodenal flow of neutral detergent fiber and non-ammonia nitrogen. Milk production simulations were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dairy cows; Milk production; Modeling; Rumen.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162005000200002
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Nutritional strategies in mitigating rumen methane in livestock production Thai Agricultural
Metha Wanapat.
Tipo: PhysicalObject Palavras-chave: Livestock production; Nutritional manipulation; Rumen; Fermentation; Methan; Plant secondary compounds; Global warming; Greenhouse gas; การผลิตปศุสัตว์; การจัดการทางโภชนาการ; กระเพาะรูเมน; การหมัก; การลดก๊าซมีเทน; ภาวะโลกร้อน.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5833
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Molecular characterization of ruminal bacterial diversity in vitro - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i2.4699 Animal Sciences
Freitas, Kárita Cláudia; PUCPR; Gabriel, Jane Eyre; PUCPR; Leite, Laudí Cunha; USP; Armas, Rafael Dutra de; USP; Lanna, Dante Pazzanese Duarte; USP; Madeira, Humberto Maciel França; PUCPR.
PCR analysis is a sensitive and specific tool to detect and monitor microorganisms in complex environmental samples. The amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences followed by gel electrophoresis under denaturing gradient (DGGE) has been a powerful technique to genetically evaluate microbial ecosystems. Changes in rumen microbial populations were investigated in vitro using a basal diet with different lipid sources. PCRs were performed with two different sets of primers in order to amplify 16S rRNA sequences, and the amplified fragments were submitted to DGGE analysis. The findings presented in this study show that distinct microbial communities were present in each treatment. The presence of soybean oil seems to maximize growth of bacterial population,...
Palavras-chave: 5.04.03.00-1 Nutrição e Alimentação Animal 16S rRNA; DGGE; Rumen; Microbial diversity..
Ano: 2008 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/4699
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In vitro evaluation of palm fronds as feedstuff on ruminal digestibility and gas production Animal Sciences
Khattab, Mostafa Sayed abd Ellatif; Abd El Tawab, Ahmed Mahmoud.
This study was carried out to evaluate using palm fronds only or supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes as alternative roughage on the ruminal nutrients digestibility and gas production. Treatments were: clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum), palm fronds only and palm fronds plus fibrolytic enzymes (enzymes were mixed with palm fronds in rate of 4 g kg-1 of dry matter (DM). The results showed a reduction (p < 0.05) in gas production, ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N, DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility in palm fronds compared with clover hay. While supplementing palm fronds with fibrolytic enzymes improved DM and OM digestibility compared with palm fronds only without (p < 0.05) differences with clover hay. Also, supplementing palm fronds with fibrolytic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ruminant nutrition fibrolytic enzymes; Gas production; Rumen; Nutrients digestibility..
Ano: 2018 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/39586
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