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Relationships' sustainability: the case of German wheat-to-bread chain AgEcon
Bavorova, Miroslava; Hockmann, Heinrich.
In recent years there has been a shift in emphasis from transaction-based to more co-operative relationships, as chain members have recognised the need to invest in their supply chain relationships in order to protect their businesses. These non-arm’s-length relationships are capable of generating relational rents for chain partners. The main aim of this paper is to investigate why, in spite of the advantages of the non-arm’s-length relationships, some relationships do not continue. To enhance the understanding of the termination process, we identify and analyse the factors inducing relationship sustainability (continuation) as well as termination in the case of the German wheat-to-bread chain. The study built on the findings of relationship marketing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Economic relationships; Sustainability; Termination; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44067
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Measuring flexibility of multi-output firms: a primal and a dual measure AgEcon
Renner, Swetlana; Hockmann, Heinrich; Glauben, Thomas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114797
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On Flexibility in the Polish Farming Sector AgEcon
Renner, Swetlana; Hockmann, Heinrich; Pieniadz, Agata; Glauben, Thomas.
This paper investigates the flexibility of the Polish farming sector during a transition period. Flexibility is considered to be a farm’s ability to change output by sustaining average costs. We argue that flexibility is a crucial factor in farmers’ competitive advantage, especially under dynamically changing environmental conditions. We propose a flexibility measure that accounts for both input and output flexibility. This measure is used to empirically investigate the magnitude and sources of flexibility in Polish family farming. We also identify the main factors that explain the proposed flexibility indices. The empirical findings reveal that Polish farms use different technologies regarding their input and output flexibility. While small and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Flexibility; Family Farm; Poland; Consumer/Household Economics; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52841
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Factors Constraining Efficiency of Russian Corporate Farms: The Case of the Moscow Region AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Svetlov, Nikolai M..
A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. Price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The estimates provide that the EU absorbs price fluctuations form the word market. Interestingly, changes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Dairy market; International trade; Market integration; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis; F15; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25439
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Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies AgEcon
Balmann, Alfons; Curtiss, Jarmila; Dautzenberg, Kirsti; Happe, Kathrin; Huang, Jikun; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Rozelle, Scott; Sedik, David J.; Ciaian, Pavel; Vranken, Liesbet; Doitchinova, Julia M.; Kanchev, Ivan; Miteva, Albena; Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev; Forgacs, Csaba; Guo, Hongdong; Ferto, Imre; Jolly, Robert W.; Zhu, Jianhua; Falkowski, Jan; Milczarek, Dominika; Peyerl, Hermann; Breuer, Gunter; Danilowska, Alina; Zawojska, Aldona; Ramanovich, Mikhail; Hemme, Torsten; Mirzaei, Farhad; Heidelbach, Olaf; Balkhausen, Oliver; Banse, Martin; Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr; Grings, Michael; Luka, Oksana; Epstein, David B.; Naydenov, Nikolay; Sauer, Johannes; Balint, Borbala; Il'ina, Natalia; Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Weitzel, Enno-Burghard; Bayaner, Ahmet; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Hockmann, Heinrich; Cechura, Lukas; Herzfeld, Thomas; Glauben, Thomas; Azzarri, Carlo; Carletto, Calogero; Davis, Benjamin; Zezza, Alberto; Nivievskyi, Oleg; von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan; Newton, Claire; Bednarikova, Zuzana; Doucha, Tomas; Travnicek, Zdenek; Fock, Theodor.
Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmers’ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural...
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93012
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BIOENERGIE AS A SOURCE OF INCOME OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AgEcon
Makarchuk, Oksana; Hockmann, Heinrich; Lissitsa, Alexej.
Enterprise activity is based on maximization of profit to increase the volume of own capital, to expand manufacture and to guarantee the earning of profit for the long-term period. Therefore everyone searches for new sources of the income by means of which it is possible to maximize cost of the made product. One of new sources of the income in agriculture is a cultivation of agricultural crops for the energy, heat, fuel (biofuel) manufacture. In this "discussion paper" the market is examined for biofuel, as well as their competitiveness is analyzed in comparison to mineral fuels. Germany takes the lead positions on manufacture and use of biofuel among the countries of the European Union and Ukraine has a big potential on the agricultural commodities market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Биотопливо; Биоэтанол; Биомасса; Возобновляемые источники энергии; Конкурентоспособность; Спрос и предложение.Biokraftstoff; Bioethanol; Biomasse; Erneubare Energien; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Angebot und Nachfrage.Biofuel; Bioethanol; Biomass; Renewed energy sources; Competitiveness; Supply and demand.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q27.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91735
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Assessing Market Functioning: The Case of the Hungarian Milk Chain AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Voneki, Eva.
The paper discusses the impact of market power in the Hungarian milk chain. In a first step a vector error correction model is estimates to assess whether a domestic market for raw milk exists. Since the answer was positive we proceed by developing a structural market model of the Hungarian market for raw milk that is able to identify a possible affect of market power on resource allocation. A nonlinear 3SLS approach was applied to estimate the supply and the demand for raw milk. The results provide that despite the high concentration of in dairy processing the indications for market poser are rather limited. The “Bertrand like” equilibrium can be attributed to the low degree of capacity utilization in dairy processing and the marketing alternative of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Market power; Market integration; Dairy; Hungary.; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7805
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Explaining differences in farms efficiencies in Polish agriculture AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Pieniadz, Agata.
This paper deals with the estimation of a random coefficient model. The virtue of this approach is that it considers firm heterogeneity, which conventional SFA models do not. When the model is applied to Polish farms, the results indicate that the conventional random and fixed effect models overestimate the potential production increases due to the reduction of inefficiency. Additionally, our findings provide evidence of the importance of input quality for efficiency analysis. Moreover, the results indicate that farm heterogeneity is a significant determinant of agricultural production. We found that differences in productivity between the farms can partly be attributed to farm size, degree of integration in the product markets and incurred transaction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: SFA; Random component model; Poland; Agriculture; Firm heterogeneity; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; C23; D24; L23.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51051
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Production Risk and Technical Inefficiency in Russian Agriculture AgEcon
Bokusheva, Raushan; Hockmann, Heinrich.
This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of possible causes of considerable production variability that characterised Russian agriculture during the last decade. The study investigates production risk and technical inefficiency as two sources that influence production variability. Using panel data from 1996 to 2001, an empirical analysis of 443 large agricultural enterprises from three regions in central, southern and Volga Russia is conducted. A production function specification accounting for the effect of inputs on both risk and technical inefficiency is found to describe production technologies of Russian farms more appropriately than the traditional stochastic frontier formulation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Production risk; Technical efficiency; Panel data; Russian agriculture; Production Economics; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24610
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Business Relationships and B2B Communication in Selected European Agri-food Chains – First Empirical Evidence AgEcon
Fischer, Christian; Hartmann, Monika; Bavorova, Miroslava; Hockmann, Heinrich; Suvanto, Hannele; Viitaharju, Leena; Leat, Philip M.K.; Revoredo-Giha, Cesar; Henchion, Maeve M.; McGee, Claire; Dybowski, Grzegorz; Kobuszynska, Mira.
The roles of business relationships and B2B communication in selected European agri-food chains are analyzed. Using survey data from 1,026 farmers, food processors and retailers in two commodity sectors (meat and cereals) and five different EU countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Poland), we test the empirical relevance of several theory-based determinants of relationship goodness. This is undertaken for the overall dataset and separately for different supply chain stages (farmer-processor versus the processor-retailer relationship) and for the individual countries. The estimation results, derived from structural equation modeling, suggest that the most important contributor to good business relationships is effective communication, with...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Business relationships; B2B communication; Agri-food; Value/supply chain; Structural equation modeling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; Q13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53645
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TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAN CORPORATE FARMS: THE CASE OF THE MOSCOW REGION AgEcon
Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The research focus of the paper is to distinguish allocative and technical inefficiencies on Moscow region corporate farms. DEA specifications with both monetary and technical objective functions are applied. Reduced costs and sensitivity analyses are used to identify fixed inputs constraining either allocative or technical efficiency. To decrease heterogeneity and allow for the accessibility to different technologies of a given farm, the farms are grouped with respect to the set of outputs they produce. Thus, as a result of an unstable market environment, it is shown that allocative inefficiency causes 65-100 % (depending on the group) of total inefficiency in 2002 and 60-96 % in 1999. As for technical inefficiency, in 1999 its major source was the lack...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Technical inefficiency; Allocative inefficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis; Moscow region; Transitional economy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12; C14.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14922
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Product Differentiation on the Polish Pig Meat Market AgEcon
Pieniadz, Agata; Hockmann, Heinrich.
This study deals with horizontal product differentiation in the Polish pig meat market. Hypothesis among firms behaviour are derived from an illustrative model and tested in an empirical analysis using data from 1991-1998. The empirical analysis suggest that product differentiation is a relevant phenomenon in the polish pig meat markets. In addition we found that costs and competitions are important factors influencing price variation. However, further influences like price discrimination and vertical product differentiation are also important determinants for product price variations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Pricing; Market structure; Product quality; Marketing.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24959
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Explaining Quality Differences at the Procurement Stage in the Polish Milk Sector AgEcon
Pieniadz, Agata; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The challenge of implementing EU quality and safety standards for food production and trading is one of the driving forces behind the restructuring of the agrofood chains in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). The progress made in the compliance process not only varies amongst sectors and countries, but also among particular chains due to differences in their internal structure and strategies, and features of their political and economic surroundings. We construct a models to identify determinants of the diffusion rate of standards in a food chain under pre-accession conditions. We argue that adoption decisions in the food chain are determined by farmers' and processors' economic considerations. Factors such as pricing behavior, compliance costs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Product quality; Standards; EU enlargement; Industrial organization; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25315
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DOES GROUP AFFILIATION INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN RUSSIA’S AGRICULTURE? EVIDENCE FROM AGROHOLDINGS IN THE BELGOROD OBLAST AgEcon
Hahlbrock, Konstantin; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The impact of group affiliation to agroholdings on enterprise performance in terms of productivity and efficiency is controversially discussed in the literature. However, only few papers evaluate the effects of group membership on the productivity and the efficiency of agricultural enterprises in Russia. The underlying research question of this paper is therefore whether farms that belong to agroholdings perform better than independent farms. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity and technical efficiency scores for the two categories of independent farms and members of agroholdings. In this paper a production function approach is estimated in the framework of stochastic frontier analysis. The results are used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agroholding; Stochastic Frontier Analysis; Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity; Russia; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114579
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MILK AND MILK PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN LITHUANIA: AN ANALYSIS OF HORIZONZAL AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION AgEcon
Kedaitiene, Angele; Hockmann, Heinrich.
Despite significant progress in recent years, horizontal and vertical integration of the Lithuanian milk sector is not very much advanced. The primary sector is characterised by small-scale farming, the fragmentation of farmland and a low number of livestock per farms. These features cause severe problems regarding the restructuring and modernisation of agricultural production since only a few farmers possess the capital resources to conduct necessary investments. However, despite the unfavourable conditions Lithuanian milk producers have made significant improvements concerning milk quality. In the last decade, the processing sector was due to drastic concentration processes. These were induced by the strong competition processes on the milk market and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Horizontal and vertical integration; Lithuanian milk sector; Foreign trade; Consumption; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries; L11; L66; Q13.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14930
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RISK, TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND MARKET TRANSACTION COSTS IN DIFFERENT ORGANISATIONAL FORMS: EVIDENCE FROM THE OBLAST TATARSTAN AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Gataulina, Ekaterina; Hahlbrock, Konstantin.
The paper investigates the significance of external and internal transaction costs and risk in agriculture in the Tatarstan Republic. The analysis is conducted for independent farms and farms which are members of agroholdings. The result indicates that external transaction costs are more marked in independent farms than in agroholding members. However, average prices do not differ among the organisational forms. With regard to internal transaction costs (or inefficiency) the result is the opposite. Inefficiency in agroholding members is considerably higher than in independent farms. However, the estimation suggests that this result is due to more intense risk management in agroholding members. Thus, members of a business group have a more intense use of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk production function; Internal and external transaction costs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q110; D220; P230.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114510
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Farm Heterogeneity and Efficiency in Polish Agriculture: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Pieniadz, Agata.
This paper deals with the estimation of a random coefficient model. The virtue of this approach is that it considers firm heterogeneity, which conventional SFA models do not. Applying the model to Polish farms, the results indicate that the conventional random and fixed effect models overestimate the inefficiency score. In addition, the reasons for inefficiency are analysed. It is shown that despite the fragmentation of Polish agriculture, there is no evidence for scale inefficiency. Moreover, inefficiency could partly be attributed to factors, which affect the management input and requirements on farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: SFA; Random component model; Poland; Agriculture; Management; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7823
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Optimal Farm Size in Russian Agriculture AgEcon
Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Hockmann, Heinrich.
A set of dynamic DEA models is applied to investigate the determinants of farm size of Moscow oblast corporate farms in the period 1996-2004. New institutional economics is found to be more relevant to explaining farm sizes and their changes than the neo-classical framework. The results prove the hypothesis that the development of farm size is mainly caused by reducing transaction costs associated with getting access to product markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Farm size; Returns to scale; Dynamic DEA; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; P31; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51667
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Agricultural economics and transition: What was expected, what we observed, the lessons learned Proceedings (Volume I / II) AgEcon
Csaki, Csaba; Forgacs, Csaba; Koester, Ulrich; Liefert, William M.; Banse, Martin; Gay, Stephan Hubertus; McDonald, Scott; M'Barek, Robert; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Kim, Hanho; An, Donghwan; Hubbard, Lionel J.; Rieger, Laszlo; Szoke, Gyula; Cristoiu, Adriana; Udovc, Andrej; Kagan, Adam; Sassi, Maria; Takacs, Istvan; Takacs, Emese; Cimpoies, Dragos; Ertsey, Imre; Kovacs, Sandor; Przygodzka, Renata; Dziemianowicz, Ryta Iwona; Magda, Robert; Borodina, Elena; Borodina, Alexandra; Gavrilescu, Dinu; Pecze, Denes; Balogh, Peter; Cechura, Lukas; Sayin, Cengiz; Cengiz, M. Nisa; Osanami, Fumio; Szabo, Gabor G.; Karaman, Suleyman; Szekely, Geza; Szczepaniak, Iwona; Szczegolska, Monika; Serova, Eugenia; Pieniadz, Agata; Barmon, Basanta Kumar; Kondo, Takumi; Becvarova, Vera; Levkovych, Inna; Hockmann, Heinrich; Bezlepkina, Irina V.; Kupavych, Alexander; Konig, Gabor; Halmai, Peter; Vasary, Viktoria; Vincze, Maria-Magdolna; Lerman, Zvi; Kolcsey, Andrea; Bokusheva, Raushan; Turtoi, Crina Sinziana; Toma, Camelia; Gavrilescu, Camelia; Davidova, Sophia; Blaas, Gejza; Antonova, Maria; Zeller, Manfred; Deininger, Klaus W.; Savastano, Sara; Carletto, Calogero; Caceres-Clavero, Francisco; Lucena-Cobos, Blanca; Latruffe, Laure; Takacs-Gyorgy, Katalin; Bandlerova, Anna; Sadowski, Adam; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio; Luca, Lucian; Cristoiu, Adriana; Ciaian, Pavel; Pokrivcak, Jan; Drabik, Dusan; Voneki, Eva; Tonini, Axel; Burger, Anna; Szep, Katalin; Majewski, Edward; Raggi, Meri; Viaggi, Davide; Maccarini, Elisa Ricci; Monasterolo, Irene; Vandeplas, Anneleen; Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Novak, Petr; Brasili, Cristina; Meyer, William H.; Kuhne, Bianka; Fanfani, Roberto; Gellynck, Xavier; Molnar, Adrienn; Gagalyuk, Taras; Traikova, Diana; Mollers, Judith; Cochrane, Nancy J.; Kazlauskiene, Natalija; Fekete-Farkas, Maria; Molnar, Jozsef; Szucs, Istvan; Popp, Jozsef; Udovecz, Gabor; Florkowski, Wojciech J.; Fritzsch, Jana; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Kasarjyan, Milada; Podruzsik, Szilard; Korff, Rudiger; Wilkin, Jerzy; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Bartova, Lubica; Erjavec, Emil; Katona-Kovacs, Judit; Baranyai, Zsolt; Hubbard, Carmen.
Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally planned economic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural and rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structural changes with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate of success in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food and agricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition" in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central East European countries. The transition to market based agriculture, however, is far from completion in Southern and Eastern Europe and especially in the CIS countries. International Association of Agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92319
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How Effective is the Invisible Hand? Agricultural and Food Markets in Central and Eastern Europe AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Brosig, Stephan; Popp, Jozsef; Wilkin, Jerzy; Juchniewicz, Małgorzta; Milczarek, Dominika; Ferto, Imre; Forgacs, Csaba; Juhasz, Aniko; Kurthy, Gyongyi; Hein, Piret; Hobbs, Jill E.; Nuppenau, Ernst-August; Brümmer, Bernhard; Zorya, Sergiy; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec, Stefan; Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Hurrelmann, Annette; Maack, Kai; Hanf, Jon Henrich; Glauben, Thomas; Herzfeld, Thomas; Wang, Xiaobing; Balint, Borbala; Lerman, Zvi; Shagaida, Natalya; Benner, Eckhard; Wandel, Jurgen; Nivievskyi, Oleg; Kuhn, Arnim.
Since the seminal work of Adam Smith, markets have been considered an efficient tool for co-ordinating the behaviour of economic agents. The basic characteristic of a market economy is that the complex system of interaction among individuals is not centrally coordinated. Under the assumption of profit and utility maximisation (and a whole set of assumptions about the institutional framework), relative prices and their change over time provide the signals that guide, like an invisible hand, the allocation of resources, i.e., the structure of production and the intensity of input use in the various production processes. They do this by co-ordinating the activities of economic agents, i.e., of resource owners, producers, intermediaries, traders, and...
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93018
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