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Estimation de la biomasse d'huîtres non cultivées dans le bassin de Marennes-Oléron ArchiMer
Prou, Jean; Pouvreau, Stephane; Renaud, Vivian.
In the Marennes-Oléron oyster culture basin, the cultivated oyster stock shows an unbalanced age distribution: 25 000 to 30 000 tonnes are commercialized each year for a total cultivated biomass of 95 000 tonnes (1993). The biological overexploitation of the basin requires a reduction of the stock in order to get back to productivity rates that are compatible with the restrictions of the oyster market. This study gives an estimated natural deposit biomass of around 3 000 tonnes. An estimate of the abandoned and wild oyster biomass shows that 20 000 tonnes of these animals can be considered as competitors to cultivated oysters. [...].
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bassin Marennes Oléron; Echantillonnage; Estimation; Répartition spatiale; Typologie; Biomasse; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/rapport-4741.PDF
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Programme Charente-Marennes-Oléron Volet Maritime ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Bacher, Cedric; Razet, Daniel; Prou, Jean; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; De Pontual, Helene; Raillard, Olivier; Maestrini, Serge; Mornet, Francoise; Menesguen, Alain; Sautour, Benoit; Robert, Jean-michel.
Les termes du contrat passé entre le Fond de la Recherche et de la Technologie et l'IFREMER précisent qu ele programmer a pour objectif une gestion rationnelle du milieu conchylicole avec notamment une mise au point de modèles (voir notification de l'aide en annexe). Un premier modèle appelé modèle global par analogie avec les modèles de pêche met en évidence la limite de la capacité trophique du bassin de Marennes-Oléron pour les huîtres cultivées. Un modèle analytique avec un modèle physique simple permet dans un premier temps de développer un modèle de croissance des huîtres en fonction de la nourriture disponible et d'effectuer des simulations qui confirment l'influence du stock sur les performances de croissance des bivalves. Un troisième approche...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modèle production; Biomasse; Huître creuse; Crassostrea gigas; Modèle énergétique; Croissance; Modèle multiboîte; Marennes Oléron; Modèle trophique; Marennes Oléron.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00048/15908/13337.pdf
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Influence des facteurs climatiques sur la production conchylicole du bassin de Marennes-Oléron ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Prou, Jean; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc.
The authors are comparing the recruitment, the commercialised production, the cultivated biomasses of oysters Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata with the statistics of the meteorology (1885-1984). The temperature plays a role up on the date of spawning but partialy explains the lack of recruitment, which has less impact on the commercialised production than on the total biomass. The annual and seasonal characteristics of the precipitations and water temperatures do not show tight correlations with the variations of the production and of the biomass, for these cultivated populations in opposition with the sensitivity of the natural molluscan populations towards the climatic factors.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Meteorology; Recruitment; Biomass; Production; Crassostrea angulata; Crassostrea gigas; Météorlogie; Recrutement; Biomasse; Production; Crassostrea gigas; Crassostrea angulata.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/publication-2968.pdf
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Pearl formation: Persistence of the graft during the entire process of biomineralization ArchiMer
Arnaud, Sophie; Goyard, Emmanuel; Vonau, Vincent; Herbaut, C; Prou, Jean; Saulnier, Denis.
Most bivalves species of the genus Pinctada are well known throughout the world for production of white or black pearls of high commercial value. For cultured pearl production, a mantle allograft from a donor is implanted into the gonad of a recipient oyster, together with a small inorganic bead. Because of the dedifferentiation of cells during the first steps of the host oyster's immunological reaction, so far the fate of the graft and its exact role in the process of pearl formation could not be determined via classical histological methods. Here we report the first molecular evidence of the resilience of the graft in the recipient organism by showing that cells containing genome from the donor are still present at the end of pearl formation. These...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Genotype; Pearl; Pearl sac; Grafting; Biomineralization; Pearl oyster.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2456.pdf
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Dynamics of spatial patterns of microphytobenthic biomass: inferences from a geostatistical analyisis of two comprenhensive surveys in Marennes-Oléron Bay (France) ArchiMer
Guarini, Jean-marc; Blanchard, Gerard; Bacher, Cedric; Gros, Philippe; Riera, Pascal; Richard, Pierre; Gouleau, Dominique; Galois, Robert; Prou, Jean; Sauriau, Pierre-guy.
Microphytobenthos plays an important role as primary producer in shallow embayments subject to a tidal regime. The present paper aims to characterize the spatial patterns of sedimentary chlorophyll a (chl a) biomass in 2 seasons in the wide intertidal mudflats of the Marennes-Oleron Bay (France); furthermore, it provides estimates of total microphytobenthic biomass. Accordingly, a systematic sampling scheme was performed in June 1995 and in January 1996. On average, biomass was higher in June (ca 120 mg chl a m-2) than in January (ca 85 mg chl a m-2). Moreover, the geostatistical analysis revealed that spatial similarities were propagated over larger distances in June (6 km) than in January (2.2 km). In order to account for this result , we suggest that...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marennes Oleron; Intertidal mudflat; Geostatistics; Spatial distribution; Chrlorophyll a; Microphytobenthos.
Ano: 1998 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-3820.pdf
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Effets d'enrichissements azotés sur la croissance des palourdes mises en élevage dans les claires du bassin de Marennes-Oléron ArchiMer
Goulletquer, Philippe; Razet, Daniel; Prou, Jean; Garnier, Jacqueline; Taillade, Sylvie; Heral, Maurice; Peyre, R; Faivre, C.
Etant donné que la production de mollusques (palourdes ou huîtres) est limitée à 0,8 kg à 1 kg au m2 soit 40 à 50 palourdes adultes de 20 g au m2, il est intéressant d'essayer de forcer cette production en augmentant la production primaire qui est le facteur limitant de la production de palourdes. Cette production primaire dépend des apports en sels nutritifs en effet les travaux antérieurs de Zanette (1979), de Zanette et Garnier (1980), de Robert (1984) ont mis en évidence que les biomasses phytoplanctoniques ne peuvent dépasser un certain seuil à cause de l'épuisement progressif en sels nutritifs. Robert et al. (1984) ont mis en évidence, dans les claires de la Baie de Bourgneuf que l'azote est le premier facteur limitant de la croissance...
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Ano: 1985 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00389/50053/50641.pdf
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A methology for the stocks assessments of cultivated oysters among along the French Atlantic coasts ArchiMer
Bacher, Cedric; Baud, Jean-pierre; Bodoy, Alain; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Dreno, Jean-paul; Heral, Maurice; Maurer, Daniele; Prou, Jean.
An assessment of the reared stocks of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas ) has been recently conducted on the major French areas of molluscs culture. The methodology proposed included both estimates of densities obtained by subsampling in the field, and aerial photographs which covered the cultivated, intertidal area. The size and the number of samples were designed to reach a precision of 10% on the final assessment in each area. The field work consisted in weighing and counting the oyster in unit areas of 0.5 m2 for the bottom culture or in trays or bags, for the off bottom technique. These results give a better knowledge of the technique evolution and of the general structures in the cultivated areas.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modeling; Estimation; Stocks; Crassostrea gigas; Oysters.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/acte-2864.pdf
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Genetic structure at different spatial scales in the pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera cumingii) in French Polynesian lagoons: beware of sampling strategy and genetic patchiness ArchiMer
Arnaud, Sophie; Vonau, Vincent; Rouxel, Catherine; Bonhomme, Francois; Prou, Jean; Goyard, Emmanuel; Boudry, Pierre.
In order to study further the genetic structure of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in French Polynesia with a special consideration for the sampling scale, we analyzed or re-analyzed sets of data based on nuclear DNA markers obtained at different spatial scales. At a large scale (several 1,000 km), the remote Marquesas Islands were confirmed to be significantly differentiated from Tuamotu-Gambier and Society archipelagos, with a marked difference however for the two main islands that are different from each other. At a medium scale (several 10 to several 100 km), overall homogeneity was observed within and between these two archipelagos, with some exceptions. This could be attributed both to large-scale larval dispersal and to human-driven spat...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Population genetics; Polynesia; Bivalve; Pearl oyster; Benthic organisms; Sampling strategy; Genetic patchiness.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4960.pdf
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Programme Expérimental de Réhabilitation des Fossés à Poissons (1997-2000) ArchiMer
Bel Hassen, Malika; Prou, Jean.
Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre du programme expérimental de réhabilitation des fossés à poisson initié au CREAA (1997-2000). Ce programme répond à une demande régionale pour la valorisation des fossés à poissons. Cet écosystème fait partie du patrimoine régional et marque surtout son identité culturelle, une volonté locale a été manifestée pour sa conservation et valorisation. Cependant l'aménagement de ces structures s'avère très coûteux, le grossissement de poissons, essentiellement l'anguille, a été prévu afin de justifier les frais d'aménagement. Par ailleurs, l'élevage extensif de poisson s'accompagne de la pratique d'autres activités telle que l'agriculture ou l'élevage. La cohabitation de ces différents types d' activités peut déstabiliser le...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cartographie; Paramètre physico-chimique; Paramètres hydrologiques; Macrophystes; Halophytes; Taxonomie; Répartition géographique.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00086/19767/17409.pdf
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Influence de la charge particulaire sur la filtration d'une population d'huître Crassostrea gigas dans le bassin estuarien de Marennes-Oléron (France) : analyse de deux cycle de marée ArchiMer
Soletchnik, Patrick; Prou, Jean; Heral, Maurice; Barille, Laurent; Razet, Daniel; Guezennec, Loïc.
Filtration of oyster population (100 animals) have been followed during 16 days in raceway systems with continuous recorder of the input and output of the raceway for in situ turbidity and fluorescence. Experimental conditions were fluctuated with particulate matter which varied during a tidal cycle from 40 mg.l-1to 300 mg.l-1. During the same period the phytoplanktonic biomass presented synchronous variations form 7 to 20 µg.l-1 bound with sediment resuspension of phytobenthos and oyster biodeposit created by alternating currents. Filtration of oyster population during a neap tide cycle, variated between 1.2 and 2.8I.h-1 by animal for a calculated retention based on turbidity and between 2.4 and 4.8 l.h-1 by animal for a retention calculated with...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marée; Charge particulaire; Marennes Oléron; Physiologie; Filtration; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres.
Ano: 1991 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1991/acte-3059.pdf
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Modeling Japanese oyster physiological processes under natural tidal variation in suspended particulate matter ArchiMer
Barille, Laurent; Prou, Jean.
Feeding and growth of the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas is simulated by a deterministic model. However, physiological processes, estimated by statistical relationships, have not been tested under extreme environmental conditions such as high level of suspended particulate matter. Ecophysiological experiments were therefore conducted in situ in the Bay of Marennes-Oléron during a spring and neap tide cycle in May 1991, to get a better representation of 2 important components of the energy budget of the Japanese oyster: clearance rate and selection efficiency. The relationships previously established by Raillard et al. (1993) are re-evaluated by integrating the action of high seston load, typical of tidal effect within estuaries, on the physiological...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Tidal cycles; Oysters culture; Growth; Feeding; Energy budget; Ecophysiology.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/acte-3827.PDF
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Rapport de mission au COP-Tahiti. 12 avril au 2 mai 1995 ArchiMer
Prou, Jean.
Cette mission fait suite à celle déjà effectuée en Avril 1994. Les premiers traitements des données hydrologiques de l'atoll de TAKAPOTO laissaient apparaître une variabilité faible du milieu tant au niveau spatial que temporel. Les résultats montraient cependant une variabilité intra-journalière non négligeable. Afin de mieux quantifier ces variations et d'offrir un support pour la modélisation, il apparut nécessaire d'utiliser une sonde multi-paramètres EMP 2000 de chez Applied Microsystems acquise en 1994 par l'Unité de Recherches Ecosystèmes Conchylicoles de la Station de La Tremblade. Cette sonde permet l'enregistrement simultané et en continu de différents paramètres tels que la hauteur d'eau, la température, la salinité, la turbidité, la lumière, la...
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Ano: 1995 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00164/27543/25706.pdf
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Acquisition de donnée en continu sur la matière particulaire de la Baie estuarienne de Marennes-Oléron pendant le bloom printaniter planctonique : effet sur le taux de filtration de l'huître Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Prou, Jean.
The continuous obtention of different signals has been achieved for 9 days at a -fixed station during May 1988. The speed and direction of the currents have been monitoring concurrently with "in situ" turbidity and fluorescence in relation with the meteorological conditions. The concentration in particulate matter and the planktonic fluorescence fluctuated in direct relation with the water depth, the speed of the current and with the origin of the water masses. The oysters submitted to these large fluctuated conditions showed not constant filtration rate. The filtration calculated by turbidimeters (2 1 h-l g-1 dry weight) was three time less than the one achieved with fluorimeters (61 h-l g-1 dry weight). The filtration rate were fluctuated but not in...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: France; Marennes Oleron bay; Acquirring of continous data; Filtration; Crassostrea gigas; Particular matter; Marennes Oléron; Aquisition données; Courantologie; Filtration; Crassostrea gigas; Matière particulaire.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-3021.pdf
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Rapport d'Activité 2002 ArchiMer
Le Moine, Olivier; Soletchnik, Patrick; Robert, Stephane; Prou, Jean; Guilpain, Patrice; Geairon, Philippe; Razet, Daniel; Taillade, Sylvie.
Le Laboratoire Conchylicole de Poitou-Charentes (L.C.P.c.) de La Tremblade résulte du remaniement interne des laboratoires et unités de recherches au sein du Département Ressources Aquacoles qui s'est effectué en 1996 à l'IFREMER. Auparavant intégrée au laboratoire de Génétique· Aquaculture et Pathologie, l'Unité de Recherches Aquacoles en Poitou-Charentes (URAPC), créée en 1994, est devenue un laboratoire à palt entière dans son fonctionnement depuis 1996 et officialisé en 1998 pal' la définition des ses mandats. La compétence géographique assurée par le laboratoire dans ses fonctions concerne l'ensemble des Pertuis Charentais depuis le Sud-Vendée jusqu 'à l'embouchure de la Gironde. Ce rapport d'activité tient compte de ces faits et présente par ailleurs...
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Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00391/50266/50894.pdf
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Characteristics of the particulate matter during the Mai '92 experiment. Effect on ecophysiological functions on mussel and oyster populations. ArchiMer
Prou, Jean; Soletchnik, Patrick; Heral, Maurice; Geairon, Philippe; Razet, Daniel; Bougrier, Serge.
In order to complete the knowledge of seasonal variability of ecophysiological parameters, in situ experiment was conducted in May 1992 at the sampling site "Le Chapus". As in the previous experiments (May '91, October '91 and February '92), the race-way technique was used to study ecophysiological behavior of oyster and mussel populations submitted to natural variability.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Pacific cupped oyster; Crassotrea gigas; Particulate matter; Pigments; Particle size distribution; Retention; Filtration; Mytilus edulis.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21091/18715.pdf
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Gestion des ressources génétiques de l'huître perlière Pinctada margaritifera de Polynésie française : caractérisation génétique des populations et optimisation du recrutement pour l'exploitation perlière ArchiMer
Arnaud, Sophie; Goyard, Emmanuel; Prou, Jean; Vonau, Vincent; Bonhomme, Francois; Boudry, Pierre.
Exploitation of the pearl oyster Pinetada margaritifera, which has developed in French Polynesia over the last twenty years, is based mainly on the collection of natural spat. Recruitment is highly variable in space and time and so spat is very often transferred by the farmers between atolls or even between archipelagos. In previous studies, anonymous nuclear markers demonstrated that This development has coincided with a genetic homogenisation of the wild stocks since the 1980s. This suggests a high level of reproductive success on farms, which is likely to be due to the high density of animaIs when compared to the density in the wild. We used the same markers to show that the level of genetic variability observed on farms is not significantly different...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: French Polynesia; Genetic diversity; Spat; Pinctada margaritifera; Pearl oyster; Polynésie française; Diversité génétique; Naissain; Pinctada margaritifera; Huître perlière.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-3822.PDF
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Les productions conchylicoles dans leur écosystème : les conditions de la réussite...les menaces à court et moyen terme ArchiMer
Prou, Jean; Piquet, Jean-come; Goulletquer, Philippe; Mongruel, Remi; Ryckaert, Mireille.
La conchyliculture charentaise est une filière enracinée dans les écosystèmes de la Gironde et des Pertuis Charentais. Les interdépendances de la conchyliculture avec les autres usages présents sur ces territoires sont connues, anciennes et doivent être vues dans une perspective historique. Les concepts de biodiversité développés entre autres dans le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment permettent une lecture nouvelle de la place de la conchyliculture dans son environnement. Les différentes composantes de la biodiversité offrent des services écosystémiques qui permettent à l’homme de profiter de la consommation de coquillages. De la pêche pour sa subsistance à la conchyliculture, la consommation de coquillages oblige à une intervention dans les écosystèmes. Dans...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Conchyliculture; Ecosystème marin; Biodiversité; Nuisance; Cadmium; Algue toxique; Microbiologie.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00014/12567/9435.pdf
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Les ressources exploitées par la pêche et la conchyliculture ArchiMer
Caill-milly, Nathalie; Morandeau, Gilles; Castege, Iker; Sanchez, Florence; Lissardy, Muriel; Chust, Guillem; Borja, Angel; Auby, Isabelle; Lapegue, Sylvie; Prou, Jean; Oger-jeanneret, Helene; Lassalle, Géraldine; Prevost, Etienne; Buoro, Mathieu; Lobry, Jérémy; De Pontual, Helene; De Casamajor, Marie-noelle; Biais, Gerard; D'Elbee, Jean.
L'exploitation des ressources par la pêche professionnelle et par la conchyliculture repose sur des ressources vivantes sauvages ou domestiquées qui sont présentes dans différents milieux aquatiques depuis les rivières jusqu'au large en mer. L'état de ces populations dépend non seulement des choix d'exploitation au regard des capacités de renouvellement des stocks mais aussi des caractéristiques environnementales qui impactent les différentes phases des cycles biologiques des espèces et jouent donc sur leur bon déroulement. Ces conditions du milieu sont tributaires pour partie des activités anthropiques (qualité et quantité d'eau disponible, obstacles au franchissement, autres perturbations) et peuvent être soumises aux effets du changement climatique. Ce...
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Ano: 2018 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00444/55568/57180.pdf
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Influence du cycle semi-dirune et vives-eaux mortes-eaux sur la disponibilité du matériel particulaire et son utilisation par une population de Mytilus edulis ArchiMer
Prou, Jean; Barille, Laurent; Heral, Maurice; Ratiskol, Gilles; Soletchnik, Patrick; Bougrier, Serge; Razet, Daniel; Geairon, Philippe.
During a fortnightly tidal cycle, a Mytilus edulis population was submitted to natural food conditions in the bay of Marennes-Oléron. During 4 tidal cycles, in vivo continuous measurements of turbidity and fluorescence were recorded to study the evolution of Total Particulate Matter (TPM), phaeopigments and chlorophyll-a concentrations. Turbidity in the water column is clearly influenced by resuspension of sediment. Degradated cells of phytoplankton were associated with sediments, involving strong correlation between phaeopigments and turbidity. High values of chlorophyll-a were encountered during neap tides when turbidity was low. No relation with resuspension processes were observed. No effect of fortnightly variability on retention was observed by...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ancova; Utilisation du matériel particulaire; Mytilus edulis; Moules.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/publication-3079.pdf
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Rapport de mission Ifremer en Croatie - 8/12/1997 au 12/12/97 ArchiMer
Prou, Jean; Buestel, Dominique.
Cette mission était prévue dans le cadre de la coopération Franco-Croate qui a en particulier pour but d'intensifier les relations des deux parties en matière de conchyliculture dans la baie de Mali Ston. Ce programme reçoit le soutien financier du MAE via le CIES, Un premier objectif était de poursuivre les travaux concernant l'étude de l'écosystème conchylicole de la baie de Mali Ston par une campagne de mesures hydrobiologiques. Cependant des problèmes techniques n'ont pas permis l'envoi de la sonde de mesure et cette partie du travail a du être repoussée, la durée de la mission étant alors réduite, Le deuxième objectif était de vérifier l'intérêt et la faisabilité d'un voyage en Croatie de professionnels français de la conchyliculture en mars 1998, les...
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Ano: 1997 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00391/50198/50822.pdf
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