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ARE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE STAMP POLICIES COST-EFFECTIVE? AgEcon
de Mouzon, Olivier; Requillart, Vincent; Soler, Louis-Georges; Dallongeville, Jean; Dauchet, Luc.
In many countries, consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is below recommended levels. We quantify the economic and health effects of F&V stamp policy designed for low income consumers. The analysis combined two models: an economic model which predicts how F&V consumption is affected by a change in policy and a health model which evaluates the impact of a change in F&V consumption in terms of death avoided (DA) and life-years saved (LYS). Finally we computed the costs per DA and LYS as the ratio between the taxpayer cost of the policy and the number of DA and LYS. The main findings of the present study are: (1) F&V stamp policy has a positive and significant impact on the consumption of small F&V consumers of the targeted...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Fruits and Vegetables; Health Impact Assessment; Health Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D61; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116416
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Controlling Campylabacter in the Chicken Meat Chain: A Cost-Utility Analysis AgEcon
Mangen, Marie-Josee J.; Havelaar, Arie H.; Nauta, Maarten J.; de Koeijer, Aline A.; de Wit, G. Ardine.
The aim of this study was the estimation of cost-utility of interventions to control Campylobacter contamination of broiler meat. The relative risk, the intervention costs, the disease burden (expressed in DALYs) and the costs-of-illness for the various interventions were necessary inputs for the cost-utility analysis. The cost-utility is expressed in net costs per reduced DALY. The most cost-effective interventions are: reduction of faeces leakage in the slaughter line and decontamination of the carcass by dipping in a chemical solution. Phage therapy might be another cost-effective intervention, depending on assumed costs/chicken. Irradiation is the most efficient intervention, but the least cost-effective.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food safety; Cost-utility; Disease burden; Campylobacter; Chicken meat; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D61; D81; I18.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24763
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ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL EFFCIENCY OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN FOREST FARMING NICARAGUA 1998-2005 AgEcon
Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto.
Presented at: UNIVERSITIES NATIONAL COUNCIL III UNVERSITY SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS 41 ANNIVERSARY OF THE CATHOLIC FARMING LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF THE DRY TROPIC ¨UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY: A STRATEGY FOR CONFRONTING THE NATIONAL GLOBAL CHALLENGE¨ 23 SEPTEMBER 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontier Production; Forest Police; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Technical efficiency; Allocative Efficiency.; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56197
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Do Antibiotics Reduce Production Risk for U.S. Pork Producers? AgEcon
Liu, Xuanli; Miller, Gay Y.; McNamara, Paul E..
We combine econometric and financial analyses of the NAHMS 2000 Swine Survey data to examine whether evidence exists for reducing risk by using antibiotics for growth promotion (AGP) in the U.S. swine industry. A stochastic dominance analysis of alternative lengths of time (days) of AGP application reveals that AGP used in the range of 65—75 days is preferred by risk-averse producers. Risk is reduced and profits are increased from use of AGP. The combined impacts of increased average daily gain and decreased variability in pig live weight increase producer profits by $2.99 per pig marketed.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Growth promotion; Pigs; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Variability; D21; D61; D81; Q12; R32.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42785
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Temporal Reliability of Estimates from Contingent Valuation AgEcon
Carson, Richard T.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Kopp, Raymond J.; Krosnick, Jon A.; Mitchell, Robert C.; Presser, Stanley; Ruud, Paul A.; Smith, V. Kerry.
In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. This paper focuses on one of these guidelines -- the Panel's call for the "temporal averaging" of willingness-to-pay (WTP) responses obtained from CV surveys as one method for increasing their reliability. The panel suggested: "Time dependent measurement noise should be reduced by averaging across independently drawn samples taken at different points in time. A clear and substantial time...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10580
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Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector AgEcon
Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L..
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505
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The Social Discount Rate under Intertemporal Risk Aversion and Ambiguity AgEcon
Traeger, Christian P..
The social discount rate crucially determines optimal mitigation policies. This paper examines two shortcomings of the recent debate and the models on climate change assessment. First, removing an implicit assumption of (intertemporal) risk neutrality reduces the growth effect in social discounting and significantly amplifies the importance of risk and correlation. Second, debate and models largely overlook the difference in attitude with respect to risk and with respect to non-risk uncertainty. The paper derives the resulting changes of the risk-free and the stochastic social discount rate and points out the importance of even thin tailed uncertainty for climate change evaluation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Discounting; Expected utility; Intertemporal substitutability; Intertemporal risk aversion; Recursive utility; Risk aversion; Social discount rate; Uncertainty; Political Economy; Risk and Uncertainty; D61; D81; D90; H43; Q00; Q54.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55785
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Valuation Methods for Environmental Benefits in Forestry and Watershed Investment Projects AgEcon
Cavatassi, Romina.
The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full range of costs and benefits associated with forests, distinguishing between how these should, and actually are, included in economic analyses. The paper first describes the economic analysis undertaken in the project evaluation procedure of the World Bank. The second section deals with all costs and benefits that typically occur in forestry projects. Costs and benefits are classified as on-site private, on-site public or global according to their nature and area of impact and according to the Total Economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Forest values; Global environmental benefits; Externalities; Carbon sequestration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q51; Q57; O13.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23799
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve from Multiple Perspectives AgEcon
Jaeger, William K.; Kolpin, Van.
The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and parameters, including symmetrical models with homothetic, constant-returns functions such as with CES functions. Similar results are also shown to arise in decentralized economies under either homogeneous or heterogeneous income levels.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Environmental Quality; Q2; D61; O13.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36760
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The Impact of El Nino on Northeastern Forests: A Case Study on Maple Syrup Production AgEcon
Bergeron, Nancy; Sedjo, Roger A..
El Nino events are likely to affect maple syrup production since it is very sensitive to weather patterns. A statistically significant direct correlation has not been found in our preliminary analysis, however. This may be because many other factors affect production and because weather anomalies also occur in non-El Nino years. Few defensive activities are available to maple syrup producers to alleviate the negative impacts of weather anomalies on their production. Hence, the value of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts to them is likely to be low, even if a clear correlation between productivity and ENSO events was eventually found. Overall, small welfare impacts of El Nino weather events are expected from their impact on the maple syrup...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: El Nino; Forests; Maple syrup; Economic welfare effects; Dieback; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; Q10; Q20; Q23; N5.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10671
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Multi-input Multi-output Farm-level Cost Function: A Comparison of Least Squares and Entropy Estimators AgEcon
Polome, Philippe; Fernagut, Bruno; Harmignie, Olivier; Frahan, Bruno Henry de.
We introduce a modification of the quadratic-Leontieff multi-output cost function that is particularly suitable for the data of the Farm Accountancy Data Network. We present least squares and entropy estimates of that function and compare their results for a sample of crop farms. Our results are encouraging for the use of entropy estimators in cases in which farms are not assumed to share the same technology. Our approach can be seen as an extension of the Positive Mathematical Programming approach (Howitt, 1995). The extension consists in an explicit specification of inputs in the cost function and in the possibility of modeling several farms simultaneously.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Cost function; Least squares estimator; Entropy estimator; Heterogeneity; Farm Management; C3; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24727
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The Market Value of Variable Renewables AgEcon
Hirth, Lion.
The income that wind and solar power receive on the market is affected by the variability of their output. At times of high availability of the primary energy source, they supply electricity at zero marginal costs, shift the supply curve (merit-order curve) to the right and thereby reduce the equilibrium price of electricity during that hour. The size of this merit-order effect depends on the amount of installed renewable capacity, the slope of the merit-order curve, and the intertemporal flexibility of the electricity system. Thus the price of wind power falls with higher penetration rates, even if the average electricity price remains constant. This work quantifies the effect of variability on the market value of renewables using a calibrated model of...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Wind Power; Solar Power; Electricity Market; Power Generation Economics; Renewables; Value Factor; Numerical Modelling; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; O13; D24; D61.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122021
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Measurement of dynamic efficiency, a directional distance function parametric approach AgEcon
Serra, Teresa; Stefanou, Spiro E.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M..
This research proposes a parametric estimation of the structural dynamic efficiency measures proposed by Silva and Oude Lansink (2009). Overall, technical and allocative efficiency measurements are derived based on a directional distance function and the duality between this function and the optimal value function. The applicability of the parametric proposal is illustrated by assessing dynamic efficiency ratings for a sample of Dutch dairy farms observed from 1995 to 2005.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Structural dynamic efficiency; Dairy farms; Parametric approach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; D21; D24; D61; D92.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61107
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Valuing the Non-Market Impacts of Underground Coal Mining AgEcon
Gillespie, Robert; Kragt, Marit Ellen.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal as: Gillespie, R. & M. E. Kragt (2012). "Accounting for nonmarket impacts in a benefit-cost analysis of underground coal mining in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 3(2): article 4. DOI: 10.1515/2152-2812.1101
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Australia; Benefit cost analysis; Coal mining; Choice experiments; Natural resource management; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; Q32; Q38; Q51.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98239
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Determination of Optimal Environmental Flow Acquisition in Kor Basin, Doroudzan Dam AgEcon
Asad Falsafi Zadeh, Neda; Sabouhi Sabouni, Mahmood.
In current study, an irrigation examination and acquisition of environmental water in Kor River fields, that is dominated from Doroudzan dam to Bakhtegan Lake, was done by an integrated economy-environmental model. The model was considered by economic, hydrologic and agronomic components. In the economic component, an optimal harvesting of water was done using non-linear programming in two scenarios; with and without environmental water constraint. Solutions from simulation of environmental data in the hydrologic component, was used as initial data in the economic component. In the agronomic component, actual crop yield in wet, normal and dry years was determined using the relationship between crop yield and irrigation water amount. Results showed that,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Expected Net Income; Hydrology; Non-Linear Programming Model; Deficit Irrigation; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C32; C61; D42; D61.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50258
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Reallocation of price risk among members AgEcon
Pedersen, Michael Friis.
Marketing of milk and meat in Denmark is dominated by two large cooperatives, Arla Foods in the dairy sector and Danish Crown in the pork sector. Members in these cooperatives practically have no possibility for price risk management on their main product. Futures markets for dairy and pork are not utilised, and it is suggested that the reason is prohibitively large basis risk. The events following the global financial crisis suggest increased need for price risk management in Danish agriculture. Since futures markets do not seem to be a viable solution, the paper explores an alternative. Reallocation of price risk among members in marketing cooperatives. Endowing members with a forward contracted share of delivery, and allowing for transfer at a market...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Futures; Hedging; Risk management; Marketing cooperatives; Agribusiness; Risk and Uncertainty; G13; G32; Q13; D61; D8.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122529
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Referendum Design and Contingent Valuation: The NOAA Panel's No-Vote Recommendation AgEcon
Carson, Richard T.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Kopp, Raymond J.; Krosnick, Jon A.; Mitchell, Robert C.; Presser, Stanley; Ruud, Paul A.; Smith, V. Kerry; Conaway, Michael; Martin, Kerry.
In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the Panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. One of the Panel's recommendations was that CV surveys should employ a referendum approach. This method describes a choice mechanism that asks each respondent how they would vote if faced with a particular program and the prospect of paying for the program through some means, such as higher taxes. The Panel also recommended that CV referendum questions which commonly use only "for" or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10865
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EFFECTS OF QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS AND CLIMATE/WEATHER INFORMATION ON THE MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS AgEcon
Britt, Megan L.; Ramirez, Octavio A.; Carpio, Carlos E..
Production function models for cotton lint yields, seed yields, turnout, and lint quality characteristics are developed for the Texas High Plains. They are used to evaluate the impacts of quality considerations and of climate/weather information on the management decisions and on the profitability and risk of irrigated cotton production systems. It is concluded that both quality considerations and improved climatic/weather information could have substantial effects on expected profitability and risk. These effects mainly occur because of changes in optimal variety selection an irrigation water use levels. Quality considerations in particular result in significantly lower irrigation water use levels regardless of the climate/weather information...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climatic/weather information; Cotton quality; Ground water resource use; Risk and uncertainty; Texas High Plains; Crop Production/Industries; D21; D24; D61; D81; D84.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15082
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Promoting Organic Food: Information Policy Versus Production Subsidy AgEcon
Tribl, Christoph; Salhofer, Klaus.
In developed countries governments aim to increase the market share of organic products. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. Using the concept of heterogeneous producers and consumers we compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: First, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production. Second, we compare this policy measure to a demand-side oriented information policy, which aims to enhance the acceptance and identification of an organic food label. Third, we assume a mix of both policy measures. The main findings of this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Organic food; Labeling; Production subsidy; Information policy; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; D61; D62; L15; Q18.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24653
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The Economics of Climate Policy AgEcon
Kolstad, Charles D.; Toman, Michael.
Economics has played an increasingly important role in shaping policy, in the United States and elsewhere. This paper reviews some of the dimensions of the economic approach to analyzing, understanding, and developing solutions to the problem of climate change. We then turn to the issue of designing regulatory instruments to control the problem. The paper concludes with a discussion of the political economy of greenhouse gas control in an international context.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate change; Climate policy design; Integrated assessment; Environmental policy coordination; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48; D61; D62; D63.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10783
Registros recuperados: 45
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