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Energy use and CO2 emissions of eggplant production in the Philippines CIGR Journal
Flores, Edgar Dulay.
The energy use and CO2 emissions of eggplant production in the Philippines were analyzed from data collected from 202 eggplant farmers randomly selected from the two major producing provinces of Pangasinan and Quezon, Philippines. Accordingly, the input and output energy of eggplant production were 77,342.09 MJ/ha and 233,905.50 MJ/ha, respectively. Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer contributed the largest share of energy used in eggplant production. Most of the input energy was utilized in preharvest operations among which the application of fertilizer and water irrigation consumed the largest energy. The energy ratio and energy productivity were 3.02 and 0.51 kg/MJ, respectively. Direct and indirect forms of energy constituted 60.93% and 39.07%,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Energy in Agriculture eggplant; Carbon; Energy; Greenhouse gases; Global warming potentials.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3453
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CFD Model of Regenerative Heat Exchanger CIGR Journal
Pavel Kic.
This paper is focused on the Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of regenerative heat exchanger suitable for animal houses. Buildings used for housing of animals in farms with intensive breeding, like poultry or pig houses, are characterized by high generation of heat inside, partly produced by animals, and in the case of small young animals, supplemented also by heating. On the other side these buildings need intensive ventilation which causes big losses of energy by exhausted air. A good way how to reduce heat losses can be the use of technical systems of heat recovery. There are two principal constructions of heat exchangers for heat recovery. There are either recuperative or regenerative heat exchangers. Industrially produced heat exchangers,...
Palavras-chave: Animal houses; Ventilation; Energy; Parameters; Czech Republic.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3137
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Effects of temperature and time on oil extraction from some Nigerian indigenous fresh water microalgae species CIGR Journal
Asoiro, Felix Uzochukwu; Okonkwo, Wilfred Ifeanyi; Akubuo, Clement Onyeaghala; Nweze, Nkechinyere O.; Anyanwu, Cosmas Ngozichukwu.
This study determined the effects of temperature and time on oil extraction from indigenous freshwater microalgae– Dictyosphaerium, Chlorella, Desmodesmus and Cosmarium species, cultured in fifteen 2-litre column photobioreactors (PBR) (three per specie).  Growth and specific growth rates for the mixotrophic>autotrophic cultivation of the species. Oil was extracted from the dried microalgae species at temperatures ranging from 40 to 120 °C at 20 oC intervals and times ranging from 30 to 210 minutes at 30 minutes’ intervals, by accelerated solvent extraction method. Extraction temperature, time and type of microalgae species had significant effect (p < 0.05) on oil yield (temperature > time > type of species).  As extraction temperature and time...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural engineering; Bioresources engineering; Biotechnology; Energy; Renewable energy; Agriculture. oil yield; Dictyosphaerium spp; Desmodesmus subspicatus; Chlorella lewinii; Cosmarium spp; Growth rate..
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5247
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Energy Analysis of Three Rice Cultivar using different Production Methods, case study: Iran CIGR Journal
Vahedi, Adel.
Beyond 66% of the world population are using Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as staple food which is considered one of the most popular cereals crop ranked after wheat and corn. Both mechanized and conventional methods are being applied in Iran to grow rice. This study performed an analysis of the energy consumed to produce rice in Mazandaran province, Iran, based on the following indices: energy efficiency, energy productivity, net energy gain, specific energy, direct and indirect energy, renewable and non-renewable energy. The cultivars of rice frequently cultivated in Iran comprise native and high yield cultivars. Face to face interviews and field survey were conducted to collect the initial data. Given the literature and benefiting from the data collected in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Energy; Efficiency; Productivity; Methods; Rice.
Ano: 2021 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6007
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Measured Energy use in a Greenhouse with Tomatoes Compared to Predicted use by a Mechanistic Model Including Transpiration CIGR Journal
Nimmermark, Sven.
In regions with a colder climate the use of heat energy for climatization of greenhouses can be significant. Beside outdoor temperatures and climate also transpiration affects the use of heat energy since heating and ventilation or dehumidification may be required in order to keep the humidity in the greenhouse below levels which may lead to plant diseases. A reliable model is a powerful tool to predict energy use for greenhouse cultivation. Thus, a mechanistic model including transpiration and energy use for dehumidification and hourly output data was developed from an older simpler model. To be reliable, modelled data must fit with real data. The aim of the present study is to compare measured and modelled use of heat energy. Thus, energy use for a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Greenhouses; Energy; Measurements; Modelling.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3100
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Investigation of low cost solar collector for drying vegetables in rural areas CIGR Journal
Eke, Akachukwu Ben.
Despite the numerous solar dryers reported by researchers in Nigeria, farmers in Zaria Nigeria continue to dry tomato by traditional open sun drying method, the inherent problems associated with this method notwithstanding.  Therefore this research is aimed at investigating suitable solar collector material that is available, affordable and can easily be worked on by rural farmers.  Metal, wood, cement and mud which are commonly available local materials were used to fabricate four types of solar dryers and the dryers were mounted truly facing south.  Sliced tomato samples were used for performance test of the dryers.  Moisture content of the samples, dryer temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation were monitored at 2 hours intervals. ...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering Solar; Energy; Collector; Crop; Drying; Drying efficiencies..
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1964
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Energy expenditure due to forage intake and walking of grazing cattle Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Di Marco,O.N.; Aello,M.S..
The relative increment in daily maintenance requirement by physical activity was estimated in free-grazing cattle. The effects of forage harvesting and walking were measured and expressed as an index in relation to the value of energy expenditure of animals in corrals. All indices were obtained from experiments conducted in Balcarce (Argentina) from 1993 to 1995. Energy expenditure of Aberdeen Angus steers was estimated by the 14C-entry rate technique, on animals standing still in a corral, grazing at two different biting rates or walking at four different speeds. Information on time spent on grazing and distance traveled was obtained from the literature. These estimations indicate that the maintenance cost of cattle in corrals could be increased on...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cattle; Energy; Activity cost; Maintenance requirement; Grazing cost; Walking cost.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352001000100017
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Performance of Nellore calves in tropical pasture consuming different types of concentrated supplements Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Vedovatto,M.; Meirelles,M.B.; D’Oliveira,M.C.; Diogo,J.M.S.; Morais,M.G.; Abreu,C.L.; Cortada Neto,I.M.; Franco,G.L..
ABSTRACT The use of different types of concentrated supplements on the performance of Nellore calves grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the dry season was evaluated. The experiment was conducted on 24 ha divided into 12 paddocks. Seventy-two calves with initial body weight (BW) 176±14kg for 140 days of experiment were used. Evaluated treatments included: Mineral, Salt+urea (mineral with 30% urea), Protein (supplementation with 45% crude protein (CP) and 46% total digestible nutrients (TDN)); and Protein+energy (with 28% CP and 73% TDN). The Mineral, Salt+urea, and Protein were offered ad libitum, and the Protein+energy 5g/kg BW. Protein+energy showed the highest (P< 0.05) intake (3.66g/kg BW) followed by the Protein (1.61), Salt+urea (0.36), and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Energy; Multiple mixes; Protein; Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352019000100267
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Caloric density of Loricariichthys platymetopon (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil BABT
Garcia,Daniela Aparecida; Benedito,Evanilde; Takeda,Alice Michiyo.
This study analyzed the muscle energy content (caloric density) of L. platymetopon captured at different sites of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, and potential relationships between the content and various environmental variables (water temperature, oxygen dissolved in water, food availability, relative numeric abundance) and biological variables (body size and reproductive cycle). Quarterly samplings from September 2006 to June 2007 in the lakes and rivers resulted in a sample of 739 specimens, whose muscle caloric density was determined using a calorimeter. Differences between the caloric averages of the males and females and among the different stages of gonadal development were not significant. Caloric density varied over time and space, with two...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Energy; Detritivorous fish; Direct calorimetry; Muscle; Floodplain.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132010000500015
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Application of n-dodecane as an oxygen vector to enhance the activity of fumarase in recombinant Escherichia coli: role of intracellular microenvironment BJM
Zhang,Sen; Song,Ping; Li,Shuang.
Abstract The effect of the intracellular microenvironment in the presence of an oxygen vector during expression of a fusion protein in Escherichia coli was studied. Three organic solutions at different concentration were chosen as oxygen vectors for fumarase expression. The addition of n-dodecane did not induce a significant change in the expression of fumarase, while the activity of fumarase increased significantly to 124% at 2.5% n-dodecane added after 9 h induction. The concentration of ATP increased sharply during the first 6 h of induction, to a value 7600% higher than that in the absence of an oxygen-vector. NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH ratios were positively correlated with fumarase activity. n-Dodecane can be used to increase the concentration of ATP...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Oxygen vector; Energy; Fusion protein; Expression; Redox metabolism.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822018000300662
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ESMAP Technical Paper Buscador Latinoamericano
Joint UNDP; World Bank Energy Sector Managemente Assistance Programme.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Energy; Sector; Management; Assitance; Programme.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.flacso.org.ec/biblio/shared/biblio_view.php?bibid=114993&tab=opac&oai:flacso.org.ec:114993
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Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass Ciencia e Investigación Agraria
Abril,Diana; Abril,Alejandro.
Ethanol is the liquid combustible that has become the most promising alternative substitute for gasoline because of the experience gained in its production, the possibility of mixing it with gasoline in different proportions, the possibility of using the existing gasoline distribution infrastructure, and the fact that major changes in engines are not required for its use. Lignocelluloses offer great potential as a biomass source for ethanol production, although their use still requires in-depth analysis with an objective and holistic focus that includes present and future technologic implications. The present article reviews current knowledge about the characteristics and sources of vegetable biomass, as well as the development and possibilities for...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Alcoholic fermentation; Energy; Ethanol; Lignocellulosic ethanol; Vegetable biomass.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202009000200003
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Yam (Discorea sp) drying with different cuts and temperatures: experimental and simulated results Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.
FIOREZE,Romeu; MORINI,Bruno.
The yam (Discorea sp) is a tuber rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts, besides several components that serve as raw material for medicines. It grows well in tropical and subtropical climates and develops well in zones with an annual pluvial precipitation of around 1300mm, and with cultural treatments, its productivity can exceed 30t/ha. When harvested, the tubers possess about 70% of moisture, and are merchandised "in natura", in the atmospheric temperature, which can cause its fast deterioration. The present work studied the drying of the yam in the form of slices of 1.0 and 2.5cm thickness, as well as in the form of fillets with 1.0 x 1.0 x 5.0cm, with the drying air varying from 40 to 70°C. The equating of the process was accomplished,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Yam; Drying; Time; Energy.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-20612000000200023
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Proposal of stages by controlling the efficiency analysis in sugar and ethanol mills Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.
DUARTE,Alexandre; LEMOS,Stella Vannucci; SALGADO JUNIOR,Alexandre; SOUZA JUNIOR,Marco Antonio; DONEGÁ,Ricardo.
Abstract This study aimed to identify the main points of control in the efficiency of the productive process in sugarcane mills. Thus, a two-stage DEA approach applied for a sample of 121 mills, distributed among the seasons of 2010/2011 until 2014/2015. The first stage separated the efficient mills in transforming the total recovered sugar (TRS) of the processed sugarcane into sugar and ethanol, and the second stage identified significant production process variables in the efficiency with truncated regression. Besides, with the help of industry experts and statistical analysis, established 13 variables, which could control and increase the efficiency of the sugar and ethanol production processes, contributing to the overall efficiency of sugar and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); Energy; Sugar and ethanol mills.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-20612018000500022
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Visceral metabolism and efficiency of energy use by ruminants Ciência Rural
Kozloski,Gilberto Vilmar; Rocha,João Batista Teixeira da; Ciocca,Maria de Lourdes Santorio.
The visceral system (liver and portal-drained viscera) represents an interface between diet and the animal, and it acts as the main site of regulation of nutrients that are used for maintenance, growth, lactation, reproduction, and physical activities of animals. However the functions carried out by visceral organs have, however, a significant energetic cost and are influenced by a variety of factors, such as the level of feed intake and diet composition, among others. As a result, variable quantities of substances are metabolized by them and, thus, the pattern and the quantity of nutrients available to the peripheral tissues can be quite different from those absorbed at the intestinal lumen. Probably, the major source of variation in the efficiency of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Portal- drained viscera; Liver; Metabolism; Energy; Efficiency.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782001000500030
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Ingredients derived from the slaughter of bovines in dog food Ciência Rural
Loureiro,Karina De Carli; Haese,Douglas; Kill,João Luís; Pires,Achicine Furno; Fernandes,Danieli Rankel; Colnago,Geraldo Luiz; Lucas,Wendius Henrique; Gama,Gabriela Oliveira.
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the nutritional levels, apparent digestibility coefficients, and faecal characteristics of dogs fed with four by-products from bovine slaughter: testicles, residue sirloin steak, trachea, and liver. Ingredients were processed and packed in tins for heat treatment in autoclaves. For the digestibility and faeces quality, ingredients were mixed with a reference diet (commercial food) in the proportion of 30g kg-1 test ingredient and 70g kg-1 reference diet (as dry matter). Ten adult dogs were distributed in double Latin block squares (5x5) with five treatments and five periods, totalling ten repetitions per treatment. The residue sirloin steak presented the highest levels of essential (414.2g kg-1 of dry matter) and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Foods; Digestibility; Energy; Nutritional levels.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782017000600601
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Estrategias nutricionales para mejorar la respuesta productiva de cerdos en engorda. Colegio de Postgraduados
Martínez Aispuro, José Alfredo.
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo reducir y/u optimizar la concentración de algunos nutrimentos en las dietas de cerdos de engorda que puede resultar benéfica en la formulación de raciones. Se realizaron 3 experimentos para evaluar el nivel de lisina, el uso de alcaloides y xilanasas en dietas para cerdos de engorda. En el experimento 1 se determinaron los niveles óptimos biológicos (NOB) de lisina total para cerdos en las etapas de crecimiento y finalización en el comportamiento productivo, las características de la canal, y la concentración de urea en plasma. El NOB para ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), conversión alimenticia, y ganancia de carne magra fue 0.88% de lisina total; mientras que el NOB para consumo de alimento fue 0.961% de lisina total....
Palavras-chave: Lisina; Alcaloides; Dietas con baja proteína; Xilanasas; Energía; Proteína; Lysine; Alkaloids; Low protein diets; Xylanase; Energy; Protein; Ganadería; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2159
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Predicción de cambios de peso de bovinos pastoreando en trópico: desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo de simulación. Colegio de Postgraduados
Ortega Navarro, Gilberto Carlos.
El presente estudio comprendió tres etapas, que consistieron en 1 (Capítulo 1), desarrollar un modelo para predecir la ganancia de peso vivo vacío (GPV) de toros pastoreando praderas en zonas tropicales con y sin complemento alimenticio (MCPV); 2 (Capítulo 2), realizar un análisis de sensibilidad del modelo desarrollado descrito en el capítulo dos, utilizando las técnicas uno a la vez y multi pasos, y 3 (Capítulo 3), realizar un análisis comparativo de las predicciones de ganancia de peso de toros ayunados (GPAp) utilizando el MCPV y modelo del NRC, éste último, considerando la energía metabolizable (MNRC EM) y proteína metabolizable (MNRC PM). En el capítulo uno, se describe el procedimiento que se siguió para la construcción del modelo, utilizando las...
Palavras-chave: Bos indicus; Tropical; Energía; Sensible; Magnitud de entrada; NRC; Energy; Input magnitude; Doctorado; Ganadería.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/524
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Predicción de cambios de peso de bovinos pastoreando en trópico: desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo de simulación. Colegio de Postgraduados
Ortega Navarro, Gilberto Carlos.
El presente estudio comprendió tres etapas, que consistieron en 1 (Capítulo 1), desarrollar un modelo para predecir la ganancia de peso vivo vacío (GPV) de toros pastoreando praderas en zonas tropicales con y sin complemento alimenticio (MCPV); 2 (Capítulo 2), realizar un análisis de sensibilidad del modelo desarrollado descrito en el capítulo dos, utilizando las técnicas uno a la vez y multi pasos, y 3 (Capítulo 3), realizar un análisis comparativo de las predicciones de ganancia de peso de toros ayunados (GPAp) utilizando el MCPV y modelo del NRC, éste último, considerando la energía metabolizable (MNRC EM) y proteína metabolizable (MNRC PM). En el capítulo uno, se describe el procedimiento que se siguió para la construcción del modelo, utilizando las...
Palavras-chave: Bos indicus; Tropical; Energía; Sensible; Magnitud de entrada; NRC; Energy; Input magnitude; Doctorado; Ganadería.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/524
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El cambio en las actividades agrícolas del pueblo de San Miguel Tocuila, Texcoco, Estado de México. Colegio de Postgraduados
Hernández Rodríguez, Cuitláhuac Víctor.
Debido a la persistencia de las actividades agrícolas en el cambio urbano de la población de San Miguel Tocuila, se planteó conocer el papel fundamental que desempeña el autoabasto en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de la familia campesina, para entender su dinámica y estrategias de adaptación. Para obtener los datos necesarios se examinaron como base empírica 30 unidades de análisis de este pueblo que pertenece al municipio de Texcoco (Estado de México), con la intención de ubicar sus componentes y características, mismas que explicaron el modelo hipotético con criterios de selección. De igual manera se aplicaron diversos instrumentos de investigación tales como la guía de observación, encuesta, genealogía y el guión de la entrevista, las...
Palavras-chave: Autoabasto; Familia; Energía; Persistencia; Self supply; Family; Energy; Persistence.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/358
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