Sabiia Seb
PortuguêsEspañolEnglish
Embrapa
        Busca avançada

Botão Atualizar


Botão Atualizar

Ordenar por: 

RelevânciaAutorTítuloAnoImprime registros no formato resumido
Registros recuperados: 73
Primeira ... 1234 ... Última
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Environmental effects and repeatability of the follicular diameter in mares R. Bras. Zootec.
Rua,Miguel Alejandro Silva; Quirino,Celia Raquel; Matos,Luis Fonseca; Rodrigues,Ana Cláudia Cerqueira; Bartholazzi Junior,Aylton.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of environment on follicular diameter and repeatability of the size of preovulatory follicles of mares. Temperature, rainfall, and photoperiod were measured, and their effects were evaluated on follicular dynamics. Data were studied by analysis of variance of follicular size and environment traits. During the five years, 7% double ovulations and 159 anovulatory follicles were recorded. Mean preovulatory follicle diameters of left and right ovaries were 39.3±3.8 and 39.2±3.5 mm respectively. There was no effect of evaluation year on follicular diameter. Reproduction season affected the right preovulatory follicle diameter. There was no effect of temperature and rainfall on follicular diameter....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Female; Horse; Reproduction.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982019000100605
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Nutritional value of high and low tannin high-moisture sorghum grain silage in horses R. Bras. Zootec.
Gollcher,Augusta Martins Romaniello; Lima,José Augusto de Freitas; Fialho,Elias Tadeu; Rodrigues,Paulo Borges; Lima,Renato Ribeiro de.
The objective in this work was to determine the nutritive value of high and low tannin high-moisture sorghum grain silage in horse feeding by means of digestibility. A total of eight crossbred geldings at the age of six years and an average body weight of 330 kg were used in a complete randomized design with samples replicated on the same animals. The test-diets consisted of the ensiled high and low tannin sorghum grains replacing 30% of the dry matter of the reference diet, constituted exclusively by hay. The daily dry matter intake was equivalent to 2.0% of the body weight, so, the test diets were constituted by 30% of ensiled sorghum grains and 70% of hay. The digestibility coefficients of the nutrients of the low and high tannin sorghum grain silages...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Digestibility; Horse; Nutrients; Nutrition.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010000600012
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Comparison between two methods for estimating the digestibility of starch and other nutrients in high moisture sorghum grain silage in horses R. Bras. Zootec.
Gollcher,Augusta Martins Romaniello; Lima,José Augusto de Freitas; Fialho,Elias Tadeu; Rodriges,Paulo Borges; Lima,Renato Ribeiro de.
It was carried out two assays with the purpose of evaluating the mobile nylon bag technique and the method of total feces collection method in the estimative of the apparent digestibility of starch and other nutrients in high moisture sorghum grain silages in horses. Four adult horses of mixed origin at the age of 7 years and average body weight of 330 kg were used. In the first assay, the digestibility of the nutrients in the silage of high moisture sorghum grain with low level of tannin was evaluated by utilizing the total feces collection and the mobile nylon bag technique with silage samples ground in three particle sizes. In the second assay, the two methods were used for estimating the digestibility of the nutrients of the silage of high moisture...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Mobile nylon bag technique; Total feces collection.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010000600013
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Biometric evaluation of Criollo horses participating in the Freio de Ouro competition, Brazil R. Bras. Zootec.
Pimentel,Anelise Maria Hammes; Souza,João Ricardo Malheiros de; Boligon,Arione Augusti; Moreira,Heden Luiz Marques; Pimentel,Cláudio Alves; Martins,Charles Ferreira.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify linear and angular morphological measurements of male and female horses participating in the Freio de Ouro competition. This study represents the first scientific evaluation of the biometrics of the Criollo breed, providing essential information for the evaluation of the development of the breed and supporting objective selection. We examined linear and angular measurements of 634 Criollo horses participating in the Freio de Ouro competition in 2011 and 2012, including height, chest circumference, cannon bone circumference, body length, metatarsus length, croup length, chest width, head length, dorsal neck length, throat circumference, and angles of the croup, scapula, and hock. Statistical analysis...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Animal production; Breed; Equine; Horse; Morphometry.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982018000100529
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disorders in horses R. Bras. Zootec.
Hoffman,Rhonda M..
Horses evolved consuming primarily fermentable forage carbohydrates, but forage diets have been traditionally supplemented with grain meals rich in starch and sugar in order to provide additional calories, protein and micronutrients. Starch and sugar are important for performance horses, but the consumption starch-rich meals may cause equine digestive and metabolic disorders. The critical capacity for preileal starch digestibility appears to be 0.35 to 0.4% but may be as little, depending on the source of starch. Small intestinal absorption of simple sugars is limited by the activity and expression of two classes of glucose carrier proteins, which are affected by chronic intake of hydrolyzable carbohydrate but may be sluggish to respond to abrupt changes...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carbohydrate metabolism; Glucose; Horse; Insulin resistance.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009001300027
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Clinical use of laparoscopy in horses MV&Z
Silva, Luís Cláudio Lopes Correia da; Ferreira, Márcio Augusto; Baccarin, Raquel Yvonne Arantes; Fernandes, Wilson Roberto.
Although laparoscopic techniques have been known and used in horses since 1970, their clinical use has improved only during the last years. Laparoscopy is frequently indicated in cases of peritonitis, intestinal lesions, duodenojejunitis, adhesions, cryptorchidism, internal organ biopsy and diagnosis or abdominal abscesses and tumors. Adequate knowledge about the technique, laparoscopic anatomy and clinical applications wil1 allow laparoscopy to become a routine diagnostic method in equine medicine.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Equine; Horse; Endoscopy; Laparoscopy; Colic equino; Cavalo; Endoscopia; Laparoscopia; Síndrome cólica.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/3326
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Efeito de dietas com adição de óleo e do treinamento sobre a atividade muscular de equinos submetidos à prova de resistência - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i3.5714 Animal Sciences
Brandi, Roberta Ariboni; UNESP; Furtado, Carlos Eduardo; UEM; Martins, Elias Nunes; UEM; Freitas, Eduardo Villela Villaça; UNIUBE; Lacerda-Neto, Jose Correa de; UNESP; Queiroz-Neto, Antonio de; UNESP.
O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da adição de óleo de soja e do treinamento na atividade plasmática das enzimas Creatina Quinase (CK) e Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) sobre o trabalho muscular de equinos submetidos a teste de resistência. Foram fornecidas dietas experimentais compostas por cinco níveis de óleo de soja no concentrado (controle, 6, 12, 18 e 24%). Foram utilizados 20 equinos da raça Árabe, peso médio de 400 kg, submetidos a teste de resistência de 80 km em esteira rolante, em Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício. A simulação de enduro foi dividida em quatro fases de 20 km cada. Observou-se efeito (p < 0,05) da adição de óleo e da distância percorrida sobre as variáveis AST e CK durante o enduro e também no período de...
Palavras-chave: 5.04.03.00-1 Nutrição e Alimentação Animal aspartato aminotransferase; Cavalos; Creatina quinase; Exercício. aspartate aminotransferase; Horse; Creatine kinase; Exercise.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/5714
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Electrocardiographic changes induced by physical exercise in the jumper horse Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Piccione,G.; Assenza,A.; Fazio,F.; Giudice,E.; Caola,G..
The authors conducted an electrocardiographic investigation on eight jumpers of Sella Italiana breed to evaluate cardiovascular changes associated with specific competitions. Electrocardiographic recordings were carried out using an electrocardiograph with a deflection of 10 mm/mV and a paper speed of 25 mm/sec. Recordings were conducted under the following experimental conditions: at rest, after warm up, after a jumping trial, and 15 and 30 minutes after the end of the trial. Significant reductions were observed in the duration of the P wave, of the P-Q interval, and of the R-R intervals immediately after the test. Significant elevations were observed immediately after the test in the range of the T and P waves of the heart rate. The observed changes can...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Physical exercise; Training; Electrocardiographic parameters.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352003000400003
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Molecular characterization of neuropathogenic Equine Herpesvirus 1 Brazilian isolates Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Costa,E.A.; Rosa,R.; Oliveira,T.S.; Assis,A.C.; Paixão,T.A.; Santos,R.L..
Este trabalho descreve a caracterização molecular de oito amostras de herpesvírus equino 1 isoladas do sistema nervoso central de equinos que morreram com sinais neurológicos no estado de Minas Gerais. As amostras de EHV-1 foram isoladas em cultivo celular, e a caracterização molecular foi feita por genotipagem e identificação do marcador neuropatogênico por meio das técnicas de PCR, restrição enzimática e sequenciamento. A caracterização molecular desses isolados pode ser a base para o desenvolvimento de novas formulações vacinais com maior eficácia para a prevenção de doença neurológica causada pelo EHV-1.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Horse; Neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus -1; Encephalitis.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352015000401183
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Horner-s Syndrome following common carotid artery translocation in a horse: case report Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Coelho,C.M.M.; Lopes,M.C.S.; Flôres,F.N.; Zangirolami Filho,D.; Canola,P.A.; Valadão,C.A.A..
Horner's syndrome (HS) is a sympathetic dysfunction caused by injuries to the sympathetic pathway. A clinical case of HS following common carotid artery transposition and catheterization in a horse is described. The animal presented head and neck sweating with focal skin temperature elevation, facial paralysis and ptosis. Most clinical signs were transient and persisted for two hours following percutaneous catheter removal. Recurrence of clinical signs was observed at subsequent catheterizations. Ptosis endured for 10 months as a consequence of the first catheter placement which demonstrates the importance of careful manipulation of the anatomical structures of the neck when performing any surgical manipulation in this area.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report Palavras-chave: Horse; Neurologic disorders; Sympathetic trunk; Nerve dysfunctions.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352014000501439
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Alterations in muscular enzymes of horses competing long-distance endurance rides under tropical climate Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Teixeira-Neto,A.R.; Ferraz,G. C.; Moscardini,A. R. C.; Balsamão,G. M.; Souza,J. C. F.; Queiroz-Neto,A..
This study tried to monitor the alterations of muscle enzymes activity - creatinokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - in a group of horses that participated of 70 and 100km distance rides in five competitions of an annual endurance championship under tropical climate. Pre ride levels (U/l) were 245.13±9.84 for CK, 496.61±14.76 for LDH, and 328.95±8.65 for AST. When compared to these levels, the results revealed a significant decrease in all enzymes activities in the first moment of the rides. Peak levels, significantly different, were reached, immediately after rides by CK (413.591±50.75); 24 hours post rides by LDH (628.61±33.30); and 48 hours after rides by AST (389.89±16.96). Monitoring of recovery period...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Endurance; Enzymes; Muscle.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352008000300004
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy secondary to nerve compression by melanomas - case report Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Alonso,J.M.; Rosa,G.S.; Hataka,A.; Hussni,C.A.; Conceição,M.L.; Watanabe,M.J.; Rodrigues,C.A.; Alves,A.L.G..
ABSTRACT Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) etiology can be acquired, iatrogenic or idiopathic. There are no previous reports of RLN caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve compression by melanomas. This report describes a horse presenting severe dyspnea and progressive weight loss. Physical exam demonstrated tachycardia, tachypnea, inspiratory dyspnea at rest, neck extension and mydriasis. Temporary tracheotomy was performed and videoendoscopic examination diagnosed grade IV laryngeal paralysis. The animal came suddenly to death by suppurative bacterial pneumonia. At necropsy, it was possible to observe multiple melanotic epithelioid melanoma nodules compressing the recurrent laryngeal nerve, alongside with lung and parotid metastasis. This finding...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Melanocyte; Hemiplegia; Larynx.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352019000501477
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Characterization of gene polymorphisms related to immune system physiology in Mangalarga horses Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Prioli,R.A.; Curi,R.A.; Chardulo,L.A.; Gomes,V.N.; Prioli,S.M.A.P.; Mota,M.D.S..
The objectives of this study were to standardize a PCR-RFLP genotyping method for the AY_731081:g.1900T>C SNP of the equine CD14 gene, and to characterize this SNP and two other polymorphisms (AY_005808: c.1530A>G of the TLR4 gene and AX_463789: g.133T>C of the Cε gene) in Mangalarga horses, in order to contribute to future studies investigating the association between DNA markers and traits related to immune system physiology in this breed. A total of 151 Mangalarga horses of both sexes and variable ages, representative of the population of São Paulo State, were used. PCR-RFLP was found to be adequate for genotyping of the AY_731081: g.1900T>C SNP of the equine CD14 gene. However, this polymorphism is probably not present in Mangalarga horses,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; CD14; ; SNP; TLR4.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352012000500030
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Identification of a historic horse ecotype analyzing speech content in central Brazil Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Silva,D.C.; Silva,M.C.; Goulart,F.F.; Cruz,A.S. da; Moura,M.I.; Fioravanti,M.C.S.; Sereno,J.R.B.; Cruz,A.D. da.
ABSTRACT This study represents a first attempt to rescue germplasm of a traditional domestic equine cited in early Iberian and South American literature as Curraleiro horse. As an effort to identify and possibly characterize this type of horse we accessed traditional knowledge in strategic rural areas. Most areas were configured by hinterland settlements founded by runaway slave communities from the sixteenth century. Twenty interviews were conducted and analyzed using classical Speech Content Analysis. As a result, five response categories were recognized: 1) Identification and location of Curraleiro horses; 2) Characterization of Curraleiro horses; 3) Historical aspects; 4) Curraleiro horse conservation prospects and 5) Sanitary and productive aspects of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Equine; Local breed; Animal genetic resource.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352019000301047
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Oxidative profiles of endurance horses racing different distances Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Siqueira,R.F.; Weigel,R.A.; Nunes,G. R.; Mori,C.S.; Fernandes,W.R..
Increased oxidative stress during prolonged endurance exercises may result in muscle damage, fatigue and decreased performance. An adequate stress response during training is critical to obtain improved results and high animal welfare standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the red blood cell haemolysate concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) and the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) from endurance horses in different distances at high speed in a tropical climate. Fifteen horses were tested; five at 160km (18.54 - 17.16km/h race speed), five at 120km (21.53 - 17km/h race speed) and five at 80km (20.06 - 18.01km/h race speed). Blood samples were collected...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Oxidative stress; Endurance.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352014000200020
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Extracapsular cataract extraction in horses by nuclear fragmentation using adapted instruments Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Souza,A.L.G.; Wouk,A.F.P.F.; Deconto,I.; Perotta,J.H.; Laus,J.L..
It was studied the nuclear fragmentation technique for lens extraction in six adult horses using adapted surgical instruments. Postoperative assessment revealed a reduction of intraocular pressure in all animals during the first postoperative days, as well as varying degrees of photophobia, blepharospasm, corneal edema, and iridocyclitis. Fibrin formation mainly located in the axial portion of the pupilla was noted in most cases, affecting or impairing vision.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Cataract; Surgery.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352008000600011
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Sedative and antinociceptive effects of romifidine and xylazine in Thoroughbred mares Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Christovão,F.G.; Zamur,G.; Mataqueiro,M.I.; Queiroz-Neto,A..
The sedative and antinociceptive effects of romifidine (0.1mg/kg) and of xylazine (1.0mg/kg) on Thoroughbred mares were studied. Sedation was evaluated by quantifying spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and head height (HH) in animals placed in automated individual behaviour stalls. Antinociception was determined utilizing a heat irradiation lamp recording the latency time for the hoof withdrawal reflex (HWRL) and the latency time for the skin twitch reflex (STRL) in a randomised block design with 10 replicates. Comparison of the sedative effects of romifidine and of xylazine on SLA showed a faster effect for xylazine. Regarding the sedative effect of the substances based on HH, romifidine caused a longer-lasting effect. Romifidine caused an increase in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Romifidine; Xylazine; Antinociception; Sedation.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352006000600009
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Effects of transrectal medicinal ozone in horses - clinical and laboratory aspects Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Jaramillo,F.M.; Vendruscolo,C.P.; Fülber,J.; Seidel,S.R.T.; Barbosa,A.P.; Baccarin,R.Y.A..
ABSTRACT Ozone (O3) therapy has been used for medical procedures for centuries; however, there are no extensive studies on its utilization in horses. This study aimed to evaluate the application of transrectal O3 on horses by physical and laboratorial evaluation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sixteen healthy horses were separated in two groups: a control group (CG) and a group treated with O3 (TG). The TG animals received 1L of an oxygen and O3 mixture transrectally. The initial dose was 10µg/ml for the first two applications, 15μg/ml for the following two applications, and 20μg/ml for the next six applications. The CG animals received 1L of oxygen transrectally. In TG animals no variations in the physical examination were detected;...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antioxidant; Red blood cell counts; Horse; Ozone therapy.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352020000100056
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Blood lactate threshold reflects glucose responses in horses submitted to incremental exercise test Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Ferraz,G.C.; D’Angelis,F.H.F.; Teixeira-Neto,A.R.; Freitas,E.V.V.; Lacerda-Neto,J.C.; Queiroz-Neto,A..
Determinou-se, em eqüinos, o efeito do treinamento sobre as concentrações sangüíneas de lactato e plasmáticas de glicose durante exercício de intensidade progressiva em esteira rolante. Demonstrou-se que o treinamento aeróbico causou diminuição da concentração máxima de lactato e que o limiar de lactato corresponde ao ponto de inflexão da curva de glicose plasmática, confirmando esse parâmetro como indicador da capacidade aeróbica de cavalos.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Aerobic training; Lactate; Glucose; Performance.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352008000100035
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Occurrence of antibodies anti-Neospora spp. in cart horses and Crioula breed horses from Rio Grande do Sul state Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Toscan,G; Vogel,F.S.F; Cadore,G.C; Cezar,A.S; Sangioni,L.A; Pereira,R.C.F; Oliveira,L.S.S; Lopes,S.T.A.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de detecção de anticorpos contra Neospora spp. em cavalos de carroça e em cavalos da raça Crioula. Para tal, 214 amostras de soro foram coletadas e analisadas pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, das quais 91 eram de cavalos de carroça e 123 de cavalos da raça Crioula, todas provenientes da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. As frequências de anticorpos detectadas foram: 15,9% (34/214) na população total estudada, 15,4% (14/91) nos cavalos de carroça e 16,3% (20/123) nos cavalos da raça Crioula. Estes resultados sugerem que a infecção por Neospora spp. está presente igualmente nas duas populaç ões. Assim, devido à importância e ao padrão da patogênese da neosporose em equinos, Neospora spp. deve...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Horse; Neospora caninum; Neospora hughesi; IFAT.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352011000100038
Registros recuperados: 73
Primeira ... 1234 ... Última
 

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa
Todos os direitos reservados, conforme Lei n° 9.610
Política de Privacidade
Área restrita

Embrapa
Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB s/n°
Brasília, DF - Brasil - CEP 70770-901
Fone: (61) 3448-4433 - Fax: (61) 3448-4890 / 3448-4891 SAC: https://www.embrapa.br/fale-conosco

Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional