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| Registros recuperados: 39 | |
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| Herzfeld, Thomas; Drescher, Larissa S.; Grebitus, Carola. |
| Privately initiated food quality standards are currently important elements in the marketing of food and agricultural products. At the same time, they stand in the centre of a discussion about potential negative effects on small farmers and farmers in developing countries. This study aims at analysing the adoption of two private food standards, BRC Technical Food Standard and GlobalGAP, at an aggregated cross-country level. The results of the econometric analysis reveal some (potential) barriers for developing countries to access this type of organisational innovation. Certificates seem to be issued more probably in larger and wealthier countries, countries with a better institutional quality, better infrastructural conditions and in former UK colonies. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Standards; Food quality; Adoption; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44005 |
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| Fischer, Carolyn. |
| Policies to promote energy efficiency in household appliances have different impacts, depending on the structure of market supply. If provision is perfectly competitive, markets will offer the variety of energy efficiency levels that consumers demand. However, if producers can price discriminate, using energy intensity to help segment consumer demand, consumers of low-end appliances are offered too little energy efficiency so that high-end consumers can be charged more for efficient appliances. Minimum energy efficiency standards can then improve welfare. We also consider average intensity standards, energy prices, and innovation and identify important differences in their effects on energy intensity, welfare, and consumers, depending on market structures.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency; Appliance; Standards; Price discrimination; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q55; Q58; O3. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10473 |
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| Pieniadz, Agata; Hockmann, Heinrich. |
| The challenge of implementing EU quality and safety standards for food production and trading is one of the driving forces behind the restructuring of the agrofood chains in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). The progress made in the compliance process not only varies amongst sectors and countries, but also among particular chains due to differences in their internal structure and strategies, and features of their political and economic surroundings. We construct a models to identify determinants of the diffusion rate of standards in a food chain under pre-accession conditions. We argue that adoption decisions in the food chain are determined by farmers' and processors' economic considerations. Factors such as pricing behavior, compliance costs... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Product quality; Standards; EU enlargement; Industrial organization; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25315 |
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| Kerr, William A.. |
| International harmonization of standards and regulations is often a goal expressed in trade agreements because it is expected to yield gains from trade. Absence of progress toward harmonization is often interpreted as being motivated by protectionism, with differences in standards and regulations seen as non-tariff barriers. While protectionism may well be the source of resistance to harmonization, there may be other reasons it is not pursued. These alternative explanations have not received much attention from economists. In this article some of these alternatives are outlined - demand effects from altering standards, switching costs, proprietary technologies. The article concludes that proposals for international harmonization need to be scrutinized... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand effects; Harmonization; Regulation; Standards; Switching costs; TBT; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23843 |
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| Barbieri,Juan Paulo; Schlosser,José Fernando; Farias,Marcelo Silveira de; Negri,Giácomo Müller; Oliveira,Luis Fernando Vargas de. |
| ABSTRACT: This study aimed to develop and validate an ergonomics index for the operator workplace assessment of agricultural tractors sold in the Brazilian market. To develop the ergonomics index, the operator work places were assessed for compliance with current, national and international, safety and ergonomics standards. The following standards were analyzed to develop ergonomics index: ISO 15077 (1996), which regulates the position of operator controls; ABNT NBR ISO 4254-1(2015) and ABNT NBR ISO 4252 (2011), which regulate the access to operator workplaces; and NR 12 (2010), which determines the mandatory items of operator workplaces.Thirty-four operator work places of 152 models of new agricultural tractors sold in the Brazilian market were analyzed... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Ergonomics; Safety; Operator controls; Access; Standards. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782018000100352 |
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| Registros recuperados: 39 | |
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