SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Dias, Luiz Carlos; Gibbert, Giane Maria; Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis.

The study objectifies, by means of a group of indicators, to evaluate the competitiveness of the Brazilian sugar in the international trade. The indicator market-share evidenced its significant importance, considering that Brazil was responsible for 40,61% of the sugar commercialized in the international market in 2005. About the competitiveness front to other countries and other products, the indicator relative advantage in the export also discloses the advantage competitive of the Brazilian sugar. As for participation of the sugar in the total of the Brazilian exportations, the growth is substantial, having increased its representation in 95% in the analyzed period. The participation of the commercial balance of the sugar in the GIP Brazilian...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Sugar; Exportations; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55178

2011 Outlook of the U.S. and World Sugar Markets, 2010-2020

WTO Discipline and the CAP: the Constraints on the EU Sugar Sector

This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2010-2020 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to remain stable over the next ten years. Sugar prices were increased from 18.7 cents/ lb in 2009 to 27 cents/lb in 2010. World sugar production increased in 2010 along with consumption. Ending stocks did tighten in 2010. Ending stock projections by various organizations for 2011 were lower than previously estimated. World demand for sugar is expected to grow at a similar rate to world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115555

Gohin, Alexandre; Bureau, Jean-Christophe.

The various assessments of the effects of a liberalization of world sugar markets are inconsistent with each other. One cause seems to be the modeling of the EU supply response. We investigate three possible linkages between sugar production under quota and the out-of-quota or "C" sugar supply: i/ the existence of fixed costs covered by the in-quota sugar; ii / the "overshooting" behavior as prevention against poor yields; iii/ the production of C sugar as "reference building" in view of expected reforms. Modeling these effects results in the introduction of an implicit crosssubsidy between in-quota sugar and C sugar. The resulting specification is included in a detailed model of the EU agricultural sector so as to account for intersectoral linkages. We...

2008 Outlook of the U.S. and World Sugar Markets, 2007-2017

Palavras-chave: Common agricultural policy; Sugar; General equilibrium models; WTO; International Relations/Trade; D58; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18872

Accounting for Product Substitution in the Analysis of Food Taxes Targeting Obesity

This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2007-2017 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to remain profitable over the next ten years mainly because of the recent surge in world oil prices have increased the conversion of sugar into ethanol in Brazil, while other exporting countries have increased their production in response to those higher prices. Brazil is the largest exporter of sugar, and it is expected that the rate of increase in Brazilian sugar exports may be reduced due to high oil prices. World demand for...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37276

Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. First, we incorporate the implicit substitution between sugar and fat nutrients implied by a complete food demand system and by conditioning on how food taxes affect total calorie intake. Second, we propose a methodology that accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. This substitution is integrated into a demand system in addition to substitution among food groups. Simulations of a tax on added sugars show that the impact of the tax on consumption patterns is understated and the effect on welfare loss overstated when abstracting from this substitution within food groups.

THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD SUGAR MARKET--A SPATIAL PRICE EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS

Palavras-chave: Discretionary calories; Fat; Food demand; Health policy nutrition; Low-fat; Low-sugar substitutes; Obesity; Sugar; Sweeteners; Tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103320

Nolte, Stephan.

A spatial price equilibrium (SPE) model of the world sugar market is programmed. The model covers more than hundred regions and contains sugar in as a sole product. It has a detailed coverage of policies and bilateral trade agreements. It is programmed as a mixed complementarity problem (MCP) in GAMS and uses the PATH solver. The SPE framework offers considerable advantages over other model approaches applied to the sugar market before. Four scenarios are simulated: A baseline scenario until 2015/16, accounting for implementation of the EU reform and market access commitments already decided upon. The liberalization scenarios include an implementation of the Falconer proposal for the current round of WTO negotiations, a full liberalization by the EU and a...

1999 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Partial Equilibrium Model; Spatial Price Equilibrium Model; MCP; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6663

This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 1998-2008 by using the World Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to be strong for the next ten years. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, gradually increasing sugar prices. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to expand.

Multilateral Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sugar Markets (Revised)

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23165

Elobeid, Amani E.; Beghin, John C..

We analyze the impact of trade liberalization, removal of production subsidies, and elimination of consumption distortions in world sugar markets using a partial-equilibrium international sugar model calibrated on 2002 market data and current policies. The removal of trade distortions alone induces a 27% price increase while the removal of all trade and production distortions induces a 48% increase by 2011/12 relative to the baseline. Aggregate trade expands moderately, but location of production and trade patterns change substantially. Protectionist OECD countries (the EU, Japan, the US) experience an import expansion or export reduction and significant contraction in production in unfettered markets. Competitive producers in both OECD countries...

Land Allocation Effects of the Global Ethanol Surge: Predictions from the International FAPRI Model

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Doha; Domestic subsidies; Sugar; Trade liberalization; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18604

Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; Dong, Fengxia; Elobeid, Amani E.; Tokgoz, Simla; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward).

We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculture for the coming decade using the multi-market multi-commodity international FAPRI model. The model incorporates the tradeoffs between biofuel, feed, and food production and consumption and international feedback effects of the emergence through world commodity prices and trade. We examine land allocation by type of crop, and pasture use for countries growing feedstock for ethanol (corn, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, and other grains) and major crops competing with feedstock for land resources such as oilseeds. We shock the model with exogenous changes in ethanol demand, first in the United States, then in Brazil, China, EU, and India, and compute shock multipliers for...

Taxing Sweets: Sweetener Input Tax or Final Consumption Tax?

Palavras-chave: Acreage; Area; Biofuel; Corn; Crops; Ethanol; FAPRI model; Feedstock; Land; Sugar; Sugarcane; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q17; Q15.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6183

Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

In order to reduce obesity and associated costs, policymakers are considering various policies, including taxes, to change consumers’ high-calorie consumption habits. We investigate two sweet tax policies aimed at reducing added sweetener consumption. Both a consumption tax on sweet goods and a sweetener input tax can reach the same policy target of reducing added sweetener consumption. Both tax instruments are regressive but the associated surplus losses are limited. The tax on sweetener inputs targets sweeteners directly and causes about five times less surplus loss than the final consumption tax. Previous analyzes have overlooked this important point.

Impact of the EU Sugar Policy Reform and the WTO-DDA on the U.S. Sugar Industry

Palavras-chave: Consumption tax; Sugar; Added sweeteners; Demand; Health policy; Soda tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61511

Andino, Jose; Taylor, Richard D.; Koo, Won W..

The EU reforms will increase the Caribbean sugar price, but will not affect the U.S. sugar industry. If liberalization occurs based on the WTO-DDA, U.S. wholesale sugar price will decrease from 24.89 to 23.79 cents per pound. It is also expected the Caribbean price to increase from 8.7 to 12.1 cents per pound. Key Words: Sugar, Liberalization, EU Reform, Doha Development Agenda

Comportamento do mercado de preços de fretes rodoviários de açúcar para exportação no Estado de São Paulo

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Liberalization; EU Reform; Doha Development Agenda; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19334

Carvalho, Leandro Bernardino de; Caixeta Filho, Jose Vicente.

Currently, Brazil is the greatest worldwide producer and exporter of sugar. Therefore, it is expected better defined forms to restrict high costs, which are normally present in many of the factors involved in the process of production and product commercialization. Under that context, this study searched to characterize the distribution process of the sugar produced in State of São Paulo, indicating in a summarized manner, the main agents involved within the sector, the flow observed by the product until its final delivery and the evolution of transport prices and final prices of the product during the months of the year. The method used to conduct this research was based on primary data survey and on the application of specialized econometric models. In...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Freight; Transportation; Sugar; Logistics; Exports; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55174

MULTIPLICADORES DE EMPREGO E RENDA DA INDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA DE AÇÚCAR EM 2004

Kureski, Ricardo; Maia, Katy; Rodrigues, Rossana Lott; Hardt, Letica Peret Antunes.

Este artigo apresenta os multiplicadores de empregos e renda diretos, indiretos e induzidos da economia brasileira, dando ênfase para a indústria de açúcar. O primeiro passo para a realização do trabalho foi estimar a matriz de insumo-produto do Brasil para 2004. Estimou-se que para cada 1 milhão de reais de aumento na demanda agregada a indústria de açúcar cria 27 empregos e 264,1 mil reais em renda. Aplicando-se esses multiplicadores ao valor da demanda final da indústria de açúcar, o resultado foram 118,2 mil empregos e 3.839 milhões de reais de renda, considerando os efeitos diretos, indiretos e induzidos. ----------------------------------------------This article presents the inducement of direct and indirect employment and income multiplier, of...

Influence of firm related factors and industrial policy regime on technology based capacity utilization in sugar industry in Nigeria

Palavras-chave: Indústria; Açúcar; Multiplicadores; Emprego; Renda; Industry; Sugar; Multipliers; Employment; Income; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109721

Akpan, Sunday Brownson; Udo, U.J.; Essien, Ubon A..

The study analyzed the technology based capacity utilization rate in sugar industry in Nigeria in the period 1970 to 2010. Data used in the study were obtained from the sugar firms, publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Augmented Dicker Fuller unit root test was conducted on the specified data to ascertain their stationarity and order of integration. The result reveals that some variables were stationary at level while some were stationary at first difference. The diagnostic statistics from the multiple log linear regression on the specified variables confirmed the reliability of the model. The empirical result reveals that sugar cane price and sugar industry’s real energy consumption have significant negative...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Firm; Capacity; Utilization; Industry; Technology; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; GA; IN.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116379

Lewis Beckford Memorial Lecture: Caribbean Economic Development in the Post Washington Consensus Period

Blake, Byron W..

These musings led me to the topic “Caribbean economic development in the post Washington consensus period”. While much of the presentation will relate to the English-speaking Caribbean, and more particularly the member states of the Caribbean community, we are acutely aware that both Lewis and Beckford had a much broader concept of the Caribbean and their influence has been much wider. We have structured the presentation in five parts as follows: I. A brief background II. Brief notes on Lewis and Beckford III. A summary view of the Washington consensus IV. Recent Caribbean economic performance; and V. Some pointers to the future of the Caribbean through Lewis/Beckford lenses

The application of spatial models in the analysis of bilateral trade flows: An alternative to the Armington approach for the world sugar market

Palavras-chave: Lewis Beckford; Sir Arthur Lewis; Caribbean development; Washington consensus; CARICOM countries; Negotiations; Sugar; Banana; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36921

Nolte, Stephan.

This paper suggests spatial models as an alternative to the Armington approach to model bilateral trade. While the use of spatial models has been accepted for decades, they are rarely chosen for such analyses. However, problems inherent in the application of the Armington approach can be overcome through the use of spatial models. To demonstrate, a simple spatial model of the world sugar market is built and used to simulate a multilateral liberalization scenario. Additionally, an identical model is constructed, applying the Armington approach. The results of the spatial model of the sugar market are found to be more plausible than those generated by the Armington-based model.

Sugar Market Liberalization: Modeling the EU Supply of "C" Sugar

Palavras-chave: Bilateral trade; Trade preferences; Partial equilibrium models; Armington approach; Sugar; International Relations/Trade; F11; F15; C69.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10288

Gohin, Alexandre; Bureau, Jean-Christophe.

The various assessments of the effects of a liberalization of world sugar markets are largely inconsistent. One cause seems to be the modeling of the EU supply response. We investigate three possible linkages between production quota sugar and the out-of-quota or "C" sugar supply: i/ the existence of fixed costs covered by the in-quota sugar; ii /the "overshooting" behavior as prevention against poor yields; iii/ the production of C sugar as "reference building" in view of expected reforms. Modeling these effects results in the introduction of an implicit cross-subsidy between in quota sugar and C sugar. The resulting specification is included in a detailed model of EU agricultural sector so as to account for intersectoral linkages. We simulate the effects...

A Primer on US Sugar in the 2007 US Farm Bill

Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Sugar; Modeling; General equilibrium models; Agricultural and Food Policy; D58; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24740

Beghin, John C..

This background paper is devoted to US sugar policy. A first section describes the features and economics of the US sugar program; a second section is devoted to the welfare and trade effects of the US sugar program; and a final section reports on potential emerging reforms, their expected effects, and implications. Beyond well-established findings on the social cost and inefficiency of the US sugar program, the main findings of this paper are as follows. The current sugar program is becoming unsustainable because sugar imports are progressively creeping into the US market through regional trade agreements, eventually inducing large sugar inventories, or contracting domestic production to unpalatable low levels in order to maintain high internal prices....

MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF EU SUGAR MARKET LIBERALIZATION ON AREA ALLOCATION, PRODUCTION AND TRADE

Palavras-chave: Dispute; HFCS; NAFTA; Sugar; Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; TRQ; US farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9374

Grethe, Harald; Nolte, Stephan; Banse, Martin.

This paper presents a partial equilibrium simulation analysis of EU sugar market reforms with a version of the European Simulation Model (ESIM) addressing three issues: preferential EU imports are a function of the price differential between world market and EU price, EU supply functions are estimated based on FADN data, and the production of bioethanol in the EU and the rest of the world is taken into account as an important component in sugar beet and sugar cane demand. It is found that the current sugar market reform including the restructuring process until the end of 2007 is sufficient to allow the EU to comply with its WTO commitments only very narrowly. EU sugar supply is simulated to decrease from roughly 19 million tons in the base period to 15.5...

2006 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2005-2015

Palavras-chave: Sugar; Common Agricultural Policy; Sugar Market Reform; Partial Equilibrium Modelling; Everything But Arms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6329

This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2005-2015 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next 10 years, mainly because higher world oil prices have increased the conversion of sugar into ethanol by Brazil. Brazil is the largest exporter of sugar, and it is expected that Brazilian sugar exports may be reduced due to high oil prices. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices increasing from 11.35 cents/lb in 2005 to 18.05 cents/lb in...