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DOMESTIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES: POLICY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1996 AgEcon
Gopinath, Munisamy; Mullen, Kathleen; Gulati, Ashok.
Prior to the 1994 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, many developed countries supported production largely through support prices and government procurement. Since mid-1990s these countries have increasingly favored income support or direct payments over price support policies. In this study, we outline the farm policy changes in the European Union, EU, and the United States, US, since 1996 and compare their levels of support under various policies. The producer support estimates for the EU are more than twice that of the US, although the value of EU agricultural production is only 30% more than the US production value. In the EU, reductions in the intervention (support) prices for cereals, oilseeds and beef sector have been compensated by increased...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agricultural price supports; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60452
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An assessment of farmer’s risk exposures and policy impacts on farmer’s risk management strategy AgEcon
Anton, Jesus; Kimura, Shingo.
This paper describes farmer’s exposures to risks at the individual farm level and develops a model representing the decisions of an individual risk averse farmer facing variability in both prices and yields. A set of stylised risk market instruments is represented. The model is calibrated using farm level data from Germany. Monte-Carlo simulations of the random variables are run, and the corresponding optimal responses are obtained. The main focus of this paper is the interactions between government payments and the farmers’ use of risk market instruments in terms of the potential crowding out of such instruments and impacts on farm return and welfare. Unlike other studies this paper models farming response to payments in terms of production and the use of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk; Welfare; Crop yield insurance; Forward contracting and Single Farm Payment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57663
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Heterogeneous Demand for Food Diversity: A Quantile Regression Analysis AgEcon
Drescher, Larissa S.; Goddard, Ellen W..
Poverty and inequality studies frequently use the quantile regression approach to provide results on the impact of determinants at different points of the distribution of a dependent variable. To innovate diversity research this paper uses quantile regressions to identify determinants at different points of the food diversity distribution. Regional and household level differences in demand for food diversity are analysed based on a pooled sample of Canadian data of the Family Food Expenditure Surveys of Statistics Canada. Simple OLS regressions show that the determinants of Canadian diversity demand are similar to those of other developed countries. However, with quantile regressions significantly different effects of independent variables on diversity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Household demand; Food diversity; Quantile regressions; Pooled samples; Canada; Haushaltsnachfrage; Lebensmittelvielfalt; Quantil-Regressionen; Gepoolte Daten; Kanada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114484
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ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN AGRICULTURE IN THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION, BASED ON THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AgEcon
Vincze, Maria-Magdolna; Madaras, Szilard.
The purpose of this paper is to present the changes occurred during the transition period in the role and place of agriculture in the Romanian economy. The main methodological instruments used are the national Input-Output Tables for 1999-2004 published in the National Accounts. We have also used figures from the Regional Accounts to put into evidence regional differences in total GDP and the GDP of agriculture. Input-Output analysis is an analytical tool recognized as one of the most significant contributions to the economic theory and applications, but rarely used in agricultural economics for quantifying the structural changes of the economic activities. The first part of the paper presents the general equilibrium situation of the Romanian economy and...
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Input-Output model; Economic activities structures; Regional differences; Impact of the new agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43191
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Consumer Demand for Ahi Poke (Raw Tuna Salad) in Hawaii AgEcon
Fernandes da Costa, Pedro M.; Hu, Wuyang; Pan, Minling.
Ahi poke (raw tuna salad) has significant role in Hawaii culture and economy. A consumer survey in Hawaii was used to examine consumers’ purchasing intentions of ahi poke. A censored analysis was conducted to analyze the demand and tie with various consumer characteristics. Results show that many consumer eat ahi poke frequently and different consumer profiles will lead to large differences in their demand. Information obtained in study may help producers and retailers to better target their marketing strategies and increase sales.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ahi Poke; Demand; Hawaii; Tobit; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Q13; D12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56346
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Migratory Sheep and Goat Production System: The Mainstay of Tribal Hill Economy in Himachal Pradesh AgEcon
Singh, D.R.; Kaul, Sushila; Sivaramane, N..
The migratory and socio-economic aspects of sheep and goat flock-owners have been studied to examine yield, cost, income and employment in migratory sheep and goat production system in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh for the year 2001-02. A direct relation has been revealed between flock-size and resource endowments. Human labour has been found as the major cost component in the maintenance of this production system. Although, the contribution of sheep-rearing has been found higher to gross income, rearing of goats generates markedly higher income than of sheep on per animal basis. The flock business and family labour income in this system have been observed impressive and net income has been rated meagre for small flock-owners and nominal for...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57771
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Consumer attitudes towards sustainability attributes on food labels AgEcon
Saunders, Caroline M.; Guenther, Meike; Kaye-Blake, William; Miller, Sini; Tait, Peter R..
With current concerns about climate change and the general status of the environment, there is an increasing expectation that products have sustainability credentials, and that these can be verified. Labelling is a common method of communicating certain product attributes to consumers that may influence their choices. There are different types of labels with several functions. The aim of this study is to investigate consumers‟ purchase decisions towards certain sustainability claims on food products, particularly by displaying the reduction of carbon emissions. Choice outcomes will be evaluated using Discrete Choice Modelling (DCM). Data for the study is obtained by a web-based consumer survey undertaken in the United Kingdom (UK). Results provide...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food labeling; Carbon footprint; Discrete choice modeling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96944
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DESTINATION MANAGEMENT: NECESSITY AND TASKS OF TOURISM DESTINATION MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY AgEcon
David, Lorant; Tozser, Anett.
The principle of the regional concentration – as one of the important means of regional competitiveness – and the cooperations being organised more consciously have big parts in the development and operation of the tourist destination management. The principle of complexity is emphasised differently that means, on the one hand, the more effective use of the connection possibilities of tourism to other branches, on the other hand, it takes for granted the development of the background infrastructure supporting tourism more intensively beside the development of the tourist infrastructure. The basic principle of the competitive developments are the sustainable developments and the innovative approach. Tourist destination can be identified with the tourist...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Destination; Destination management; Tourist value chain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53573
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Household Food Security in a Subsistence Economy: Application of Translog Cost Function to Cross-sectional data in Vihiga District, Kenya AgEcon
Nyangweso, P.M.; Odhiambo, Mark O.; Odunga; Serem, A.K.
Vihiga, one of the poorest and densely populated districts in Kenya is perpetually food deficit (GOK, 2005). While food demand continued to rise, production fell behind both targeted production and district demand. To make matters worse food deficit situation worsened over the last decade. Rising population and competition for resources have curtailed efforts to improve household food production in the district. Unfavorable poverty indicators in the district only make matters worse. About 57.6 percent of the population and more than 50 percent of households live below absolute poverty line while 57 percent of the population and households live below food poverty line (GOK, 2005). Poor welfare indicators for Vihiga district underscore the importance and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food Security; Translog Cost Function; Vihiga; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52216
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LAND TRANSFER AND TECHNICAL CHANGE IN A DUALISTIC AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY FROM NORTHERN TUNISIA AgEcon
Fraenkel, Richard; Shane, Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1974 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13340
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Risk Classification in Animal Disease Prevention: Who Benefits from Differentiated Policy? AgEcon
Niemi, Jarkko K.; Lyytikainen, Tapani; Sahlstrom, Leena; Virtanen, Terhi; Lehtonen, Heikki.
Risk classification of livestock farms can help stakeholders design and implement risk management measures according to the possessed risk. Our goal is to examine how differently pig farms may contribute to the societal costs of an animal disease outbreak, how valuable this information is to different stakeholders, and how it can be used to target risk management measures. We show that the costs of an outbreak starting from a certain farm can be quantified for the entire sector using bio-economic models. In further studies, this quantified risk can be differentiated so that farms and slaughterhouses internalise the full cost of risk in production decisions and inhibit animal densities, animal contact structures or other characteristics which pose a threat...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk classification; Animal disease; Simulation; Dynamic programming; Partial-equilibrium; Losses; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49307
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Durabilité des systèmes de production des petits ruminants: Une approche de santé animale–marketing AgEcon
Zaibet, Lokman; Abdelhafidh, Hassen.
L’objectif de ce papier est d’identifier les contraintes de commercialisation des petits ruminants sur le marché aux bestiaux. Ces contraintes sont particulièrement prononcées chez les petits éleveurs. Notre recherche met en évidence la relation entre les caractéristiques de cette catégorie d’éleveurs et le choix du lieu de commercialisation (marché, sur la route ou à la ferme). Ce choix est lié aussi aux coûts de transaction qui se manifestent sur le marché mais aussi à l’état de santé du cheptel. La décision de ne pas se rendre sur le marché est supposée influencer négativement la continuité de cette activité et par conséquent la durabilité de d’élevage chez les petits éleveurs. Parmi les facteurs trouvés favoriser la chance de se rendre sur le marché...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52006
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The Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers: Value and Importance of these Transport Arteries for U.S. Agriculture AgEcon
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50489
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Sustainable Development Data Availability on the Internet AgEcon
Caratti, Pietro; Ferraguto, Ludovico; Riboldi, Chiara.
Defining what Sustainability and Sustainable Development mean is a critical task, as they are global objectives, which cover different aspects of life often difficult to quantify and describe. Talking about sustainable development means dealing with the development and implementation of SD strategies at international as well as at local level. With this regard, SD information plays a key role in monitoring SD performances at different administration levels. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of sustainable data availability on the internet at international, European, national and regional level. The paper is novel in the fact that the attention of the whole analysis focused on internet, considered as the principal mean for accessing data. In...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12226
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Post-Freedom to Farm Shifts in Regional Production Patterns AgEcon
Anderson, David P.; Richardson, James W.; Smith, Edward G..
The FAIR Act of 1996, also known as the Freedom to Farm Act (ACT) dismantled many of the agriculture policy tools in use for the last 25 years. Gone were target prices, deficiency payments, and set asides. In their place were expanded marketing loan programs to effectively include wheat and feed grains and oilseeds in addition to cotton and rice. Full planting flexibility has been popular with farmers who are no longer constrained by base acres. Grain merchants and other volume oriented agribusinesses praise the elimination of set asides. The sharp decline in farm prices for all major program commodities since 1996 has left most farmers questioning the income safety net provisions of the FAIR Act. The flexibility and marketing loan provisions continue to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42777
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What Happens if You Try to Run Current Farm Programs on a Tighter Budget? AgEcon
Westhoff, Patrick C.; Brown, Scott.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94356
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Comparative Performance of Organic, Conventional, and Integrated Producers in New Zealand AgEcon
Greer, Glen; Kaye-Blake, William; Hunt, Lesley.
The Agriculture Research Group on Sustainability (ARGOS) monitors a wide ange of environmental, social, economic and management parameters on matched cohorts of organic, conventional and integrated farms in the sheep/beef and kiwifruit sectors. Over six years significant differences have been found in farm costs and revenues between management systems, but few differences have been identified between management systems in “bottom-line” indicators of profitability, and there is greater variability within cohorts than between them. Regrouping of the properties according to farmer typologies does, however, result in the identification of some significant differences in economic outcomes between different “types” of farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Economic performance; Organic farming; Management system; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97160
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Testing Asymmetric Price Transmission in the Vertical Supply Chain in De-regulated Rice Markets in Bangladesh AgEcon
Alam, Mohammad Jahangir; Begum, Ismat Ara; Buysse, Jeroen; McKenzie, Andrew M.; Wailes, Eric J.; Van Huylenbroeck, Guido.
Market liberalization at the domestic level and at the boarder level has been a dominant feature of market reforms in most developing countries including Bangladesh during the last two decades. A pre-requisite for producers and consumers to benefit from this new and changing market environment is the ability of market to function efficiently at their spatial or through the value chain dimensions which are very often constrained by different factors. The vertical integration of grain markets plays a crucial role in improving the welfare of the producers and the consumers. Therefore, the better the market integration, the lesser the intervention required by the government. There was a widely-held belief about the domestic markets in Bangladesh on possible...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Agricultural marketing; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61374
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Institutions, impact synergies and food security: a methodology with results from the Kala Oya Basin, Sri Lanka AgEcon
Saleth, Rathinasamy Maria; Dinar, Ariel; Neubert, Susanne; Kamaiah, Bandi; Manoharan, Seenithamby; Abayawardana, Sarath; Ariyaratne, Badugodahewa Ranjith; de Silva, Shyamalie.
The success of development programs depends on the role of underlying institutions and the impact synergies from closely related programs. Existing literature has limitations in accounting for these critical factors. This paper fills this gap by developing a methodology, which can quantify both the institutional roles in impact generation and the impact synergies from related programs. The methodology is applied to the Kala Oya Basin in Sri Lanka for evaluating the impacts of three development programs and 11 institutions on food security. The results provide valuable insights on the relative roles of institutions and the varying flow of impact synergies both within and across impact pathways.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Institutional development; Development plans; Development policy; Impact assessment; River basins; Food security; Models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44521
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Softening the Impact of Adjustment to Reform: The China Experience AgEcon
Lohmar, Bryan; Diao, Xinshen; Somwaru, Agapi; Tuan, Francis C.; Chan, Kitty Kay.
This paper examines the structural adjustments induced as China moved from a planned economy that subsidized capital-intensive industry at the expense of agriculture to a nationally integrated market economy more fitting with China's underlying resource endowments. We argue that there were few losers in the process because of 1) a gradual implementation process that maintained transfers to the favored groups under the planned economy, such as urban industrial workers, while the market economy developed benefiting the non-favored groups, such as farmers; 2) high growth rates allowed a large portion of the economy to benefit from the overall reform process and bolstered the government's commitment to further reform; and 3) labor, the most important resource...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15733
Registros recuperados: 6.024
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