SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

CHOVERT,ANGEL D.; ALONSO,MARCELO F..

ABSTRACT In recent years, the majority of economic sectors in Brazil have gone through processes of development and transformation. These processes have led to increases in environmental pollution of all kinds; air pollution being one of the most adverse. The Brazilian transportation sector, which heavily affects the air quality, experienced a significant increase in its vehicle fleet thus provoking larger emissions of pollutant gases, mainly in regions with high population density such as the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (MRPA). Within this research, considering mainly the ozone precursor species and Carbon Monoxide and using the year 2001 as a base year, scenarios are obtained for vehicular emissions of pollutant gases in the MRPA until the year...

Surface modification of a granite building stone in central Rio de Janeiro

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Bottom-up; Emission scenarios; Vehicle fleet..

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000501971

Baptista-Neto,José A.; Smith,Bernard J.; McAllister,John J.; Silva,Maria Augusta M.; Castanheira,Fabio S..

In order to evaluate environmental controls on the soiling formation and decay of building stones a set of mapping and physical and chemical analyses were carried out on granite from a historical church in the polluted centre of Rio de Janeiro. These techniques highlight the increasing of threatening damage on generally perceived as a durable building material, caused by granular disaggregation and contour scaling in areas close to ground level. Mapping also indicated the formation of black crusts over entire building façades, concentrated on areas sheltered from rain-wash. Analyses demonstrated the influence of marine aerosols, rock and mortar composition and mostly of the atmospheric pollutants on the decay and soiling of the granite. Much of the decay...

Air quality assessment in different urban areas from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, using lichen transplants

Palavras-chave: Weathering; Granite; Air pollution; Marine aerosols; Gypsum crusts.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652006000200011

KOCH,NATÁLIA MOSSMANN; LUCHETA,FABIANE; KÄFFER,MÁRCIA ISABEL; MARTINS,SUZANA MARIA DE AZEVEDO; VARGAS,VERA MARIA FERRÃO.

Abstract Based on the need to monitor air pollution and on the importance of doing it with biological organisms, the present work had as main objective to assess air quality in urban areas through lichen transplants. Besides, we also tested whether there were differences among the studied sites, aiming to point out the main pollution characteristics of the areas. The monitoring was carried out in seven cities, which varied from mainly rural to mainly industrial, in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The foliose lichen Parmotrema tinctorum was used as the biomonitor species. Physiological tests and contents of sulphur and heavy metals were measured in the lichen thalli. Other pollutants assessed through air samplers were available for some cities, and...

Effects of atmospheric pollutants on somatic and germ cells of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. HUNT cv. purpurea

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Biomonitoring; Greenhouse gases; Heavy metals; Lichenized fungi; Particulate matter.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000502233

CRISPIM,BRUNO A.; SPÓSITO,JULIANA C.V.; MUSSURY,ROSILDA M.; SENO,LEONARDO O.; GRISOLIA,ALEXÉIA B..

Anatomical alterations in leaves and DNA damage in cells caused by the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants can be measured by epidermal leaf analyses and Tradescantia micronuclei assay with early pollen tetrad cells. The present study examined the feasibility of using somatic and germ cells of Tradescantia pallida for biomonitoring purposes in the city of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. Stomatal, micronucleus and epidermal leaf analyses were performed, using standard methodologies, on plants growing at three locations during six different time periods. Tradescantia micronuclei data were analyzed using SAS 9.2 software package and stomatal data were analyzed using SANEST software. Analyses of stomatal characteristics and micronuclei...

Research on Value Assessment and Compensation for Health Hazards of Urban Air Pollution-A Case Study of Urumqi

Palavras-chave: Biomonitoring; Leaf anatomy; Air pollution; Micronuclei.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652014000401899

BABT

Yu,Chen; Hui,Sun.

ABSTRACT With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, urban air pollution has become a serious threat to the health of urban residents. In this study, to investigate health hazards caused by air pollution for urban residents, concentrations of main air pollutants and annual coal consumption amounts during the period from 2000 to 2013 were analyzed. Our results showed that economic losses of Urumqi caused by air pollution amounted to 63.155 million yuan in 2013, accounting for 0.2 ‰ of its GDP and 5.7% of public utility expenditures for that year. The compensation mechanism analysis suggested that it is necessary to further improve the health care system and increase corporate environmental taxes. More environmental health protection taxes...

Relationship between climatic factors and air quality with tuberculosis in the Federal District, Brazil, 2003-2012

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Health hazard; Compensation.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132016000200700

BJID

Fernandes,Fernanda Monteiro de Castro; Martins,Eder de Souza; Pedrosa,Daniella Melo Arnaud Sampaio; Evangelista,Maria do Socorro Nantua.

Abstract Introduction: Despite the high rate of tuberculosis indicators in Brazil, the Federal District shows a low prevalence of the disease. Objective: To analyze the relationship between climatic factors and air quality with tuberculosis in the Brazilian Federal District. Methodology: This was an ecological and descriptive study comparing 3927 new cases of Tuberculosis registered at the Federal District Tuberculosis Control Program with data from the National Institute of Meteorology, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Brazilian Agricultural Research Institute, Brasilia Environmental Institute, and the Federal District Planning Company. Results: From 2003 to 2012, there has been a higher incidence of Tuberculosis (27.0%) in male...

Temperature, air pollution, and mortality from myocardial infarction in São Paulo, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis; Seasonality; Air pollution.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000400369

Sharovsky,R.; César,L.A.M.; Ramires,J.A.F..

An increase in daily mortality from myocardial infarction has been observed in association with meteorological factors and air pollution in several cities in the world, mainly in the northern hemisphere. The objective of the present study was to analyze the independent effects of environmental variables on daily counts of death from myocardial infarction in a subtropical region in South America. We used the robust Poisson regression to investigate associations between weather (temperature, humidity and barometric pressure), air pollution (sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and inhalable particulate), and the daily death counts attributed to myocardial infarction in the city of São Paulo in Brazil, where 12,007 fatal events were observed from 1996 to 1998....

Air pollution and neonatal deaths in São Paulo, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Epidemiology; Myocardial infarction; Mortality; Temperature; Atmospheric pressure; Air pollution.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004001100009

Lin,C.A.; Pereira,L.A.A.; Nishioka,D.C.; Conceição,G.M.S.; Braga,A.L.F.; Saldiva,P.H.N..

Air pollution has been associated with health effects on different age groups. The present study was designed to assess the impact of daily changes in air pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and particle matter (PM10)) on total number of daily neonatal deaths (those that occur between the first and the 28th days of life) in São Paulo, from January 1998 to December 2000, since adverse outcomes such as neonatal deaths associated with air pollution in Brazil have not been evaluated before. Generalized additive Poisson regression models were used and nonparametric smooth functions (loess) were adopted to control long-term trend, temperature, humidity, and short-term trends. A linear term was used for holidays. The association between air pollutants and neonatal...

Association of sulfur dioxide exposure with circulatory system deaths in a medium-sized city in Brazil

Palavras-chave: Neonatal mortality; Infant mortality; Air pollution.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000500019

Amancio,C.T.; Nascimento,L.F.C..

There is a demonstrable association between exposure to air pollutants and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide on mortality due to circulatory diseases in individuals 50 years of age or older residing in São José dos Campos, SP. This was a time-series ecological study for the years 2003 to 2007 using information on deaths due to circulatory disease obtained from Datasus reports. Data on daily levels of pollutants, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone, temperature, and humidity were obtained from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency. Moving average models for 2 to 7 days were calculated by Poisson regression using the R software. Exposure to SO2 was...

Association between NOx exposure and deaths caused by respiratory diseases in a medium-sized Brazilian city

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Sulfur dioxide; Cardiovascular diseases; Mortality; Air pollutants; Stroke.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012001100013

César,A. C. G.; Carvalho Jr.,J. A.; Nascimento,L. F. C..

Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by burning fossil fuels has been associated with respiratory diseases. We aimed to estimate the effects of NOx exposure on mortality owing to respiratory diseases in residents of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil, of all ages and both sexes. This time-series ecological study from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012 used information on deaths caused by respiratory diseases obtained from the Health Department of Taubaté. Estimated daily levels of pollutants (NOx, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide) were obtained from the Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. These environmental variables were...

Effect of air pollution on pediatric respiratory emergency room visits and hospital admissions

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Nitrogen oxides; Respiratory diseases; Death.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015001201130

Farhat,S.C.L.; Paulo,R.L.P.; Shimoda,T.M.; Conceição,G.M.S.; Lin,C.A.; Braga,A.L.F.; Warth,M.P.N.; Saldiva,P.H.N..

In order to assess the effect of air pollution on pediatric respiratory morbidity, we carried out a time series study using daily levels of PM10, SO2, NO2, ozone, and CO and daily numbers of pediatric respiratory emergency room visits and hospital admissions at the Children's Institute of the University of São Paulo Medical School, from August 1996 to August 1997. In this period there were 43,635 hospital emergency room visits, 4534 of which were due to lower respiratory tract disease. The total number of hospital admissions was 6785, 1021 of which were due to lower respiratory tract infectious and/or obstructive diseases. The three health end-points under investigation were the daily number of emergency room visits due to lower respiratory tract diseases,...

Air pollution and cardiovascular hospital admissions in a medium-sized city in São Paulo State, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Time-series; Poisson; Air pollution; Children; Respiratory morbidity.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005000200011

Nascimento,L.F.C..

The objective of the present study was to estimate the contribution of environmental pollutants to hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease. A time series ecological study was conducted on subjects aged over 60 years and living in São José dos Campos, Brazil, with a population near 700,000 inhabitants. Hospital admission data of public health patients (SUS) were obtained from DATASUS for the period between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006, according to the ICD-10 diagnoses I20 to I22 and I24. Particulate matter with less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter, sulfur dioxide and ozone were the pollutants examined, and the control variables were mean temperature and relative humidity. Data on pollutants were obtained from the São Paulo State Sanitary...

Effects of formaldehyde on the frog's mucociliary epithelium as a surrogate to evaluate air pollution effects on the respiratory epithelium

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Particulate matter; Cardiovascular diseases; Time series studies.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000700017

Effect of air pollution on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in São Paulo, Brazil

Fló-Neyret,C.; Lorenzi-Filho,G.; Macchione,M.; Garcia,M.L.B.; Saldiva,P.H.N..

The increasing use of alcohol as an alternative fuel to gasoline or diesel can increase emission of formaldehyde, an organic gas that is irritant to the mucous membranes. The respiratory system is the major target of air pollutants and its major defense mechanism depends on the continuous activity of the cilia and the resulting constant transportation of mucous secretion. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of formaldehyde on the ciliated epithelium through a relative large dose range around the threshold limit value adopted by the Brazilian legislation, namely 1.6 ppm (1.25 to 5 ppm). For this purpose, the isolated frog palate preparation was used as the target of toxic injury. Four groups of frog palates were exposed to diluted Ringer...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Mucociliary clearance; Formaldehyde; Air pollution.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000500012

Pereira Filho,M.A.; Pereira,L.A.A.; Arbex,F.F.; Arbex,M.; Conceição,G.M.; Santos,U.P.; Lopes,A.C.; Saldiva,P.H.N.; Braga,A.L.F.; Cendon,S..

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and these patients, even without previous myocardial infarction, run the risk of fatal coronary heart disease similar to non-diabetic patients surviving myocardial infarction. There is evidence showing that particulate matter air pollution is associated with increases in cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the association of air pollution with cardiovascular emergency room visits in a tertiary referral hospital in the city of São Paulo. Using a time-series approach, and adopting generalized linear Poisson regression models, we assessed the effect of daily variations in PM10, CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 on the daily...

Impact of acute exposure to air pollution on the cardiorespiratory performance of military firemen

Palavras-chave: Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes; Air pollution; Emergency room visits; Time-series study.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000600015

Oliveira,R.S.; Barros Neto,T.L.; Braga,A.L.F.; Raso,V.; Pereira,L.A.A.; Morette,S.R.; Carneiro,R.C..

The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of acute short-term exposure to air pollution on the cardiorespiratory performance of military fireman living and working in the city of Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-five healthy non-smoking firemen aged 24 to 45 years had about 1 h of exposure to low and high levels of air pollution. The tests consisted of two phases: phase A, in Bertioga, a town with low levels of air pollution, and phase B, in Cubatão, a polluted town, with a 7-day interval between phases. The volunteers remained in the cities (Bertioga/Cubatão) only for the time required to perform the tests. Cumulative load 10 ± 2 min-long exertion tests were performed on a treadmill, consisting of a 2-min stage at a load of 7 km/h,...

Airborne fungi in the region of Cubatão, São Paulo State, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Firemen; Cardiorespiratory performance; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006001200016

BJM

Schoenlein-Crusius,Iracema H.; Trufem,Sandra F.B.; Grandi,Rosely A.P.; Milanez,Adauto I.; Pires-Zottarelli,Carmen L.A..

From March/1993 to March/1995, airborne fungi were isolated from the "Vale do Rio Moji" (highly affected by the air pollution caused by fertilizer industries, steel works, cement factories and chemical products industries, among others) and from the "Vale do Rio Pilões" (less affected by the air pollution), both in the municipality of Cubatão, São Paulo State, Brazil, by exposing Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar medium, placed one meter from the ground, during 5 min. After 5 days of incubation at 20ºC, the colonies of the fungi were purified and identified, resulting in the identification of 39 taxa, three unidentified strains of Fusarium and non-sporulating cultures. A total of 28 taxa, one unidentified strain of Fusarium and non-sporulating fungi...