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Towards a Genuine Sustainability Standard for Biofuel Production AgEcon
de Gorter, Harry; Tsur, Yacov.
Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change (iLUC). We show that even including iLUCs, LCA is still biased and distorted because it is based on GHG emission and uptake calculations, which assume economic values only if (i) the environmental price of carbon is constant over time and (ii) the social discount rate (SDR) equals zero. We offer a sustainability standard free of these restrictions, expressed in terms of a range of SDRs and a maximal GHG payback period. Applying our methodology to Brazilian and U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Biofuel Production; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48927
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Factors for Successful Development of Farmer cooperatives in Northwest China AgEcon
Garnevska, Elena; Liu, Guozhong; Shadbolt, Nicola M..
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Chinese cooperatives; Successful factors; Cooperative development; Northwest China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117603
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Innovation Systems and the Competitive Progress in Developing Economies AgEcon
Metcalfe, Stan; Ramlogan, Ronnie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30672
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Regional Networking and Multilateral Context: Enhancing Capabilities in Africa AgEcon
Soliman, Marwan.
In times where multilateralism is to be the vector of free trade and the conveyor for liberalism, the phenomenon of regionalism has been increasing quiet steadily. Would it be a transitional step for their members towards multilateralism, or a manner to hide from it without being forgotten? Whatever the response may be to this question, regionalism has been "admitted" by the WTO in its article XXIV. The contradiction here is that regionalism is not always complying with WTO regulations such as including "substantially all trade" as well as "non discrimination" principle. The advantage of regional practices is its taking into account particularities and specifications of the member countries, what the WTO doesn't seem to consider. We argue that, as much the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9528
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POPULATION EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF JAPAN AgEcon
Yamaguchi, Mitoshi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1974 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13780
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Migration flows management in Latvia AgEcon
Shina, Inga.
The present-day world features ever growing mobility - free movement of people, financial capital, markets and services. This mobility is enhanced and arranged by cross-national networks. The major instrument driving migration is modern technologies and information, including internet, communications and cheap air travels. The article makes insight into external migration trends of labour force and migration flows management prospects so as to discover the possible solutions for further formation of migration policy in Latvia.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Migration; Labour force; Migration flows; Migration policy.; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; F22; J61.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94595
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China’s Consumption Driven Growth Path AgEcon
Lardy, Nicholas R..
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55019
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Technology-Climate Interactions in the Green Revolution in India AgEcon
McKinsey, James W., Jr.; Evenson, Robert E..
This paper presents a model of the Green Revolution in India, in which the development and diffusion of HYVs, the expansion of irrigation and the expansion of multiple-cropping are treated as endogenous responses to more basic investments in agricultural technology and infrastructure, as well as to climate and edaphic endowments. We incorporate explicit climate-technology interactions in the model, in order to identify climate effects on the diffusion of HYVs, irrigation and multiple-cropping, and on Net Revenue to agriculture. We find that climate affects technology development and diffusion, and that technology development and diffusion affect the impacts of climate on agricultural productivity in India.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Green Revolution; India; HYV; Rice; Wheat; Climate; Agricultural research; International Development; 112; 121; 226; 620; 710.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28452
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Policies, Natural Resource Governance and Local Development AgEcon
Massuanganhe, Israel Jacob.
The role that agriculture should play in economic development has been recognised for years. In recent years, concern has been expressed over rising agricultural and food prices. The world market prices for major food commodities have risen sharply to historic highs of more than 60 percent above levels just two years ago. Many factors have contributed to the rise in food commodity prices. Some factors reflect trends of slower growth in production and more rapid growth in demand that have contributed to a tightening of world balances of grains and oilseeds over the last decade. Other factors that have added to global food commodity price inflation include the declining value of the US dollar, rising energy prices, increasing agricultural costs of...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation Palavras-chave: Data envelopment analysis; Efficiency; Decentralisation; Natural resource management; Land reform; Agricultural development; Governance; Participation; Local development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53061
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SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRICES FOR VIETNAM 1996 AND 1997 AgEcon
Nielsen, Chantal Pohl.
This paper documents the construction of social accounting matrices (SAMs) for Vietnam for 1996 and 1997. The data sources used to construct the SAMs include national accounts statistics, government budget data, the official 1996 input-output table, the 19 97/98 Vietnam Living Standards Survey (VLSS), and COMTRADE trade data. The agri-food sectors are particularly well represented in the SAMs: the resulting VIETSAM includes 97 producing sectors with eight agricultural sectors, two agricultural service sectors and 13 food processing industries. In terms of institutional detail, the SAMs include five factors of production (three types of labor distinguished by skill level, one type of capital and one type of land), six household types (distinguished by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16306
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Contractual Arrangements of Traders in Chinese Wholesale Markets AgEcon
Yu, Xiaohua; Abler, David G.; Zeng, Yinchu.
Using a survey data of 700 traders, this study scrutinizes contract choices and enforcement for agricultural traders in China. This study finds that market service and environment are very important for both contract choices and enforcement. Better market service and environment can increase the propensity of using contract and the probability of contract enforcement both for purchase and sales of products. Education and memberships of special associations are also important for contract choices and enforcement. Higher education and affiliation to special associations for traders can increase the propensity of contracts and reduce contract breaches. However, the formats of contracts, whether contracts are oral or written, are not important for contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural Contract; Trader; Wholesale Market; China; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Development; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty; L14; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51399
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Identifying the Drivers of Sustainable Rural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Honduras AgEcon
Jansen, Hans G.P.; Siegel, Paul B.; Pichon, Francisco.
Published as Drivers of sustainable rural growth and poverty reduction in Central America: Honduras case study. Vols. 1 and 2. Gray Cover Report No. 3193-HN Washington, DC: The World Bank. Published as Jansen, Hans G.P.; Siegel, Paul; Pichon, Francisco. 2006. Understanding the drivers of sustainable rural growth and poverty reduction in Honduras. World Bank en breve No. 87 Pp. 1-4.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58378
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Farmers' Subjective Valuation of Subsistence Crops: The Case of Traditional Maize in Mexico AgEcon
Arslan, Aslihan; Taylor, J. Edward.
Shadow prices guide farmers' resource allocations, but for subsistence farmers growing traditional crops, shadow prices may bear little relationship with market prices. We econometrically estimate shadow prices of maize using data from a nationally representative survey of rural households in Mexico. Shadow prices are significantly higher than the market price for traditional but not improved maize varieties. They are particularly high in the indigenous areas of southern and southeastern Mexico, indicating large de facto incentives to maintain traditional maize there.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Shadow prices; Non-market values; Supply response; Traditional crops; Onfarm conservation; Mexico; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O12; O13; Q12; Q39.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44488
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Poverty Reduction during the Rural-Urban Transformation - The Role of the Missing Middle AgEcon
Christiaensen, Luc J.M.; Todo, Yasuyuki.
As countries develop, they undergo a structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing and services as well as a spatial transformation from rural to urban. Historically, this process has been far from uniform across countries, with some fostering rural diversification out of agriculture and others undergoing rapid agglomeration in mega cities. This paper examines whether the nature of these transformations (rural diversification versus agglomeration in mega-cities) affects the rate of poverty reduction. Using cross-country panel data for developing countries spanning 1980-2004, it is found that migration out of agriculture into the missing middle (rural nonfarm economy and secondary towns ) is strongly associated with poverty reduction, while...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Poverty; Rural-urban transformation; Rural non-farm economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51467
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ROAD DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN CHINA AgEcon
Fan, Shenggen; Chan-Kang, Connie.
Since 1978, China has adopted a series of economic reforms leading to rapid economic growth and poverty reduction. National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew at about 9 percent per annum from 1978 to 2002, while per capita income increased by 8 percent per annum. The post-reform period was also characterized by an unprecedented decline in poverty. However, income inequality has worsened between coastal and interior provinces as well as between rural and urban areas. A number of factors contributed to this widening disparity in regional development in China, including differences in natural resources endowments, and infrastructure and human capital development. When the policy reforms began in 1978, China was poorly endowed with transportation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60182
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Determinants of Nutritional Outcomes of Children in India: A Quantile Regression Approach AgEcon
Kandpal, Eeshani; McNamara, Paul E..
In this paper, we use quantile regressions on data from the 2005-06 wave of the Indian National Family Health Survey to study the determinants of child body-mass-index, height-for-age, and hemoglobin at different points of the conditional distribution. Our results show that only considering the conditional mean of the entire distribution can yield misleading results. In light of compelling evidence on sex-selective abortion and infanticide, we use a Heckman correction for our quantile regression to control for the “underreporting” of female births documented by Rose (1999). We find that household maternal health and education have larger effects at the lower end of the distribution than on the upper end, for all three child nutritional indicators. Results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49415
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What makes exit from poverty: Investigation of smallholder women livestock farmers in Bangladesh AgEcon
Akter, Shaheen; Farrington, John.
Shaheen Akter and John Farrington..."What makes exit from poverty ....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Poverty; Women and livestock; Livelihood Strategies; Asset-base Framework; Bangladesh; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; O1; O3; Q16.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51165
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Natural Resource Dependence in Rural Mexico AgEcon
Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro; Taylor, J. Edward; Yunez-Naude, Antonio.
The relationship between poverty and natural resources is complex and the empirical evidence to date, mostly from studies of forest activities and poverty, is inconclusive. The main purpose of this paper is to empirically identify the effects of household characteristics and of inequality at the village level on natural resource extraction and dependence. To do so we use data from the Mexico National Rural Household Survey (ENHRUM). Our results show that in rural Mexico natural resource extraction is predominantly an activity carried out by poor households. The same is true for dependence. We also show that there are important differences across Mexico in terms of both participation and dependence on resource income. These differences are most evident...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Resource extraction; Dependence; Poverty; Mexico; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61230
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STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS AND PEANUT MARKET PERFORMANCE IN SENEGAL AgEcon
Lopez, Rigoberto A.; Hathie, Ibrahima.
The impacts of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) on social welfare are investigated using data from the Senegalese peanut sector. The findings suggest that SAP policies resulted in dramatic decreases in peanut production, undermining the profitability of the peanut processing plants as well. Overall, the Senegalese society suffered net welfare losses.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20841
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Using Livestock and Associated Product Markets to Demonstrate MMW4P in Nigeria AgEcon
Cook, Dick.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53682
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