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Registros recuperados: 122
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Comparison of Hedging Cost with Other Variable Input Costs 31
Riley, John Michael; Anderson, John D..
Recent spikes in commodity prices have led to higher margin amounts and option premiums. For the most part, producers have always attributed their lack of use in reducing risk via futures and options markets to the high cost associated with the use of these markets. This study determines the relative costs of hedging with futures and options and compares these with the costs of other variable inputs. We find that with the exception of hedging corn with both tools and soybeans with options the costs of hedging has only increased at roughly the same rate as all other inputs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Hedging costs; Costs of production; Risk management; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53045
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A Bayesian Approach to Optimal Cross-Hedging of Cottonseed Products Using Soybean Complex Futures 31
Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur; Dorfman, Jeffrey H.; Turner, Steven C..
Cottonseed crushers face substantial risk in terms of input and output price variability and they are limited in their planning by the lack of a viable futures contract for cottonseed or cottonseed products. This study examines the feasibility of cross-hedging cottonseed products using the soybean complex futures. Different cross-hedging strategies are evaluated for eight time horizons relative to the expected profit and utility of the crusher. A Bayesian approach is employed to estimate both model parameters and optimal hedge ratios, allowing consistency with expected utility maximization in the presence of estimation risk. The results reveal that both whole cottonseed and cottonseed products can be successfully cross-hedged using soybean complex futures....
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Bayesian decision science; Cottonseed; Cross-hedging; Risk management; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31114
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Risk Management Education: An Examination of Crop Producers' Participation in Recent Programs and of Their Desire for Additional Training 31
Knight, Thomas O.; Coble, Keith H.; Patrick, George F.; Baquet, Alan E..
Risk management education has been a focus of U.S. farm policy since 1996. In support of significant ongoing United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) educational efforts, this study examines agricultural producers’ educational needs and interests. Data obtained through a survey of crop producers are used in probit models examining interest in additional training in five areas including forward contracting, futures and options, crop yield insurance, crop revenue insurance, and financial management. The study results should be useful in determining appropriate risk management education program content and in indentifying and tailoring to specific target audiences.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Commodity futures; Commodity options; Crop insurance; Forward contracting; Risk management; D81; D83; Q16.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43164
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Identifying Risk Factors Affecting Weather- and Disease-Related Losses in the U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish Industry 31
Hanson, Terrill R.; Shaik, Saleem; Coble, Keith H.; Edwards, Seanicaa; Miller, J. Corey.
Two double-limit tobit models are used to identify significant risk factors that most affect farm-raised catfish losses from weather-related events and from disease outbreaks. Results of the weather loss model indicate that the variables for operator education level, number of ponds, pond water depth, production management strategy, past experience with severe losses from low oxygen levels from off-farm power outages, past experience with severe losses from diseases, and being in the South are statistically significant. Results of the disease loss model indicate that the variables for operator experience and pond water depth are significant. De-velopment of models explaining weather and disease losses through observable variables pro-vides a better...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Tobit; Risk management; Columnaris; Enteric septicemia of catfish; Weather losses; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44736
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Farming profitably in a changing climate: a risk management approach 31
Grant, Colin; Knight, Catherine; Nation, Eloise; Barratt, David.
Climate science has made enormous progress over the last two decades in understanding the nature of earth's climate and the changes that are taking place. Under climate change projections, we can say with some confidence that the Australian climate will continue to become hotter, and temperature-related extreme events are likely to increase in frequency. However, we cannot yet project with any reasonable level of confidence changes to rainfall and the occurrence of drought. So although there is strong evidence for the reality of climate change, there is still considerable uncertainty associated with projections of precisely how climate change will unfold in the future, particularly at regional and local scales where most farming management decisions are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Risk management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9255
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Intertemporal Risk Management Decisions of Farmers under Preference, Market, and Policy Dynamics 31
Wang, H. Holly; Du, Wen.
This paper adapts a generalized expected utility (GEU) maximization model (Epstein and Zin, 1989 and 1991) to examine the intertemporal risk management of wheat producers in the Pacific Northwest. Optimization results based on simulated data indicate the feasibility of the GEU optimization as a modeling framework. It further extends the GEU model by incorporating a welfare measure, the certainty equivalent, to investigate the impacts of U.S. government programs and market institutions on farmers' risk management decisions and welfare. A comparison between the GEU and other expected utility models further implies GEU has the advantage of specifying farmers' intertemporal preferences separately and completely. Impact analysis results imply that farmers'...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Generalized expected utility; Risk management; Multi-period production; Dynamic optimization; Intertemporal preference; Market institution; Government payments; Risk and Uncertainty; Q14; D9; C61.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19526
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Stress testing as a tool for simulating the effects of crisis in banks 31
Wiszniowski, Edward.
Emergence of crisis in financial markets, especially banks, have forced a change in approach to risk management. It has become necessary to develop new or refine existing models of early bankruptcy threat warning, as well as establishing the potential impact of bank failures. One of the tools, indicating that resistance to the phenomenon of crisis is “stress testing”. Its aim, at least in the case of banks, is concerned with estimating the level of economic resistance towards the occurring risk. Some of these risks are: the non-payment of loans due to deterioration in the economic situation of a country, fluctuations in interest rates, exchange rates and a fall in prices of securities which are traded on stock exchanges. This article discusses the nature...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Banking; Banking risks; Risk management; Financial crisis; Financial Economics; G32.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95941
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TAX-DEFERRED RISK MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTS FOR FARMERS 31
Monke, James D..
Income tax incentives directly affect the economic feasibility of proposals for tax-deferred risk management accounts. Data indicate that despite clear financial advantages from tax deferment and reduced income variability, income targeting may preclude many farmers from contributing enough money for accounts to be effective.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk management; Taxes; Farm income; Government programs; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21025
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RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARIAN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION WITH A SPECIAL REGARD TO SHEEP PRODUCTION 31
Nemessalyi, Zsolt; Madai, Hajnalka; Nabradi, Andras.
The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the risk attitudes of Hungarian sheep producers regarding the changes they have had to go through since the political changes of 1989-1990. Moreover, the objective of this study is to strengthen the empirical basis for risk analysis by identifying the importance of farmers' risk attitudes. The results of a nationwide survey of over 500 sheep farmers presented a framework of risk attitudes, risk sources and applied risk management techniques of livestock producers..
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk sources; Risk management; Sheep farming; EU accession; Field survey; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q100; Q190; R230.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20233
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Weather derivative design in agriculture – a case study of barley in the Southern Moravia Region 31
Spicka, Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to point out some problems of index estimation for the purposes of weather derivative valuation considering the particularities of agriculture. The assessment of the sensitivity of barley to weather over 40 years has been the basis for the design and valuation of weather derivative in the Czech Republic (The Southern Moravia Region). The analysis is based on regression modeling using temperature index and barley yield. The burn analysis based on parametric bootstrap is used as the method for the valuation of weather derivative contract. With the effective bootstrap tool, the burn analysis may easily be processed and the uncertainty about the pay-off, option price and statistics of probability distribution of revenues can be...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Weather derivative valuation; Agriculture; Risk management; Basis risk; Burn analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116383
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Assessing the Farm Level Impacts of Yield and Revenue Insurance: an Expected Value-Variance Approach 31
Berg, Ernst.
This paper investigates the farm level impacts of multiple peril yield and revenue insurance in an expected value-variance framework. The analysis is conducted using stochastic simulation jointly with numerical optimisation. Simulation is used to compute the means and variances of revenues as affected by the insurance schemes under consideration. In a second step these results are incorporated in a whole-farm programming approach, which optimises a portfolio that consists of crop production and insurance activities. The results of a case study indicate that from the farmer's point of view there is an incentive to buy multiple peril crop insurance, because it significantly reduces the variability of income. The risk reduction through insurance in turn leads...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Risk management; Portfolio selection; Stochastic programming; Expected value-variance analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24834
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Should farmers invest in financial assets as a risk management strategy? Some evidence from New Zealand 31
Nartea, Gilbert V.; Webster, Paul.
This study explores the potential for risk reduction by New Zealand farmers through the diversification of their farm asset portfolios to include financial investments such as ordinary industrial shares, government bonds and bank bills. Low correlations between rates of return on farm and these financial assets suggest that significant reduction of income variability might follow their inclusion in farmers’ portfolios. Stochastic efficiency analysis is used to analyse alternative portfolios of ordinary shares, government bonds and bank bills and New Zealand farmland, using coefficients of absolute risk aversion derived from a negative exponential utility function. The results suggest that those farmers showing high degrees of risk aversion would gain...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Financial assets; NZ farmland; Risk management; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118538
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A Model of Producer Incentives for Livestock Disease Management 31
Ranjan, Ram; Lubowski, Ruben N..
We examine the management of livestock diseases from the producers' perspective, incorporating information and incentive asymmetries between producers and regulators. Using a dynamic model, we examine responses to different policy options including indemnity payments, subsidies to report at-risk animals, monitoring, and regulatory approaches to decreasing infection risks when perverse incentives and multiple policies interact. This conceptual analysis illustrates the importance of designing efficient combinations of regulatory and incentive-based policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Asymmetric information; Reporting; Indemnities; Risk management; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D82; Q12; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15653
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THE 2002 FARM ACT: PROVISIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMODITY MARKETS 31
Westcott, Paul C.; Young, C. Edwin; Price, J. Michael.
The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (2002 Farm Act), which governs agricultural programs through 2007, was signed into law in May 2002. This report presents an initial evaluation of the new legislation's effects on agricultural commodity markets, based on sectorwide model simulations under alternative policy assumptions. The analysis shows that loan rate changes under the marketing assistance loan program of the 2002 Farm Act initially result in an increase in total planted acreage of eight major program crops. This increase in plantings, however, is relatively small (less than 1 percent), partly due to the inelasticity of acreage response in the sector. In the longer run, the simulations indicate that overall plantings of the eight program...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Farm legislation; 2002 Farm Act; Agricultural programs; Commodity programs; Marketing loans; Counter-cyclical payments; Direct payments; Planting flexibility; Base acres; Payment yields; Farm income; Risk management; FAPSIM; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33745
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An Analysis of Farmers’ Perception and Awareness towards Crop Insurance as a Tool for Risk Management in Tamil Nadu 31
Kumar, D. Suresh; Barah, B.C.; Ranganathan, C.R.; Venkatram, R.; Gurunathan, S.; Thirumoorthy, S..
To insulate farmers against risks in agriculture, government has launched several schemes such as National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and weather index based crop insurance schemes. But their coverage seems to be limited among the farmers primarily due to lack of full information. This paper has reported the results of a survey of 600 farmers conducted to assess their perception about various facets of crop insurance schemes. The Probit and Tobit models have been employed to analyse the factors affecting awareness among the farmers. Crop diversification index has also been used to examine the farmers’ adjustment mechanism against risks. The survey has revealed that most farmers (65%) are aware of risk mitigation measures of the government. But, only...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Risk management; Crop diversification index; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109413
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Determinants of Farmers' Resilience towards ENSO-Related Drought: Evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia 31
Keil, Alwin; Zeller, Manfred; Wida, Anastasia; Sanim, Bunasor; Birner, Regina.
Crop production in the tropics is subject to considerable climate variability caused by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. In Southeast Asia, El Niño causes comparatively dry conditions leading to substantial declines of crop yields. In concert with global warming, the frequency and severity of the phenomenon are likely to increase during the 21st century. Little is known about the impact of ENSO-related drought on the welfare of farm households in developing countries. This paper seeks to contribute to closing this knowledge gap with a case study from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its objective is to measure household resilience towards drought periods and identify its influencing factors to deduce policy implications. Using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: ENSO; Drought resilience; Risk management; Technical efficiency; Indonesia; Farm Management; Q54; Q12.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25592
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Global trends in risk management support of agriculture 31
Spicka, Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to make an international comparison of risk management policies in OECD countries as well as in selected emerging economies. The results are based on the data from OECD Producer Support Estimates Database and General Services Support Estimates Database, a study of agricultural insurance schemes carried out by the European Commission and an overview of risk-related policy measures formulated by the OECD. The results indicate that all OECD countries have the price stabilizing support for at least some commodities. Although the share of market price support in the producer support estimates has been decreasing for a long time, it still remains an important component in most countries around the world. The analysis also revealed the...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Risk management; Market price support; Income stabilization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99224
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Risk-Increasing and Risk-Reducing Practices in Human Resource Management: Focus Group Discussions with Livestock Managers 31
Bitsch, Vera; Olynk, Nicole J..
Historically, managers in livestock production have focused on production management; however, as operations have grown they have spent more time managing employees. Increased time spent overseeing employees brings additional risks and challenges, and, hence, a greater need for human resource management (HRM) skills. This study investigated HRM practices in pork production and analyzed their risk attributes through six focus group discussions with managers. Results were compared to existing data from four dairy focus groups and to other research. The results have been used to develop and adapt educational workshops for managers in pork production.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Focus group research method; Labor management; Personnel management; Qualitative research; Risk management; Risk perception; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; B49; M12; M50; M52; M53; M54; M59; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45518
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Cultivar Diversity: A Neglected Risk Management Strategy 31
Tadesse, Dawit; Blank, Steven C..
Risk reduction through diversification across cultivars is evaluated. A case study of peach growers in California shows that cultivar diversity reduces both yield and revenue variability. As a result, the probability of falling below minimum income requirements set using a safety-first model is reduced using this strategy.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cultivar; Diversification; Peaches; Risk management; Safety first; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31093
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Analysis of Factors Affecting on Risk Management of Wheat Production Among Wheat Farmers (Razavieh Region, Khorasan-E-Razavi Province, Iran) 31
Sookhtanlo, Mojtaba; Sarani, Valiollah.
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the Factors Affecting on risk management in wheat production among farmers of Razavieh region (Khorasan-E-Razavi province, Iran). Statistical population of the study was 1520 farmers that they had water cultivation. By using of stratified proportional random sampling 156 respondents were selected from 8 villages. For the calculation of the risk-aversion coefficient degree among farmers, the Safety First Rule model was used. The findings revealed that the dominant respondents (65%) were risk-averse. The results of exploratory factorial analysis showed that five factors determined about 74.267 % from total variance for wheat farmers' risk management that consist of: economy & marketing management factor,...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Wheat farmers; Risk-aversion; Risk management; Drought; Agricultural extension; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120238
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