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Registros recuperados: 85
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What is the SMARTest way to breed plants and increase agrobiodiversity? Organic Eprints
Brumlop, Sarah; Reichenbecher, Wolfram; Tappeser, Beatrix; Finckh, Maria R..
The evaluation and use of the vast diversity contained in plant genetic resources (PGR) is a main challenge for today’s plant breeding. The use of molecular markers has hugely increased the knowledge about genetic diversity and great hopes are raised about the potential of marker assisted selection [MAS; sometimes also termed SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies)] to help increasing the use of PGR and maintaining crop genetic diversity. Another approach growing attention has been paid to over the past two decades and which also aims to increase variation in crops is evolutionary and participatory breeding (EPB). In this paper we discuss both the potential of marker-assisted breeding strategies and the potential of...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2013
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Einfluss von Phytophthora infestans auf den Kartoffelertrag in Abhängigkeit von der Nährstoffversorgung und optimierten Kupferapplikationen Organic Eprints
Finckh, Maria R.; Schlute-Geldermann, Elmar; Musa, Tomke; Forrer, Hans-Ruedi; Bruns, Christian.
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans is commonly thought to be the factor most limiting yield in organic potato production. However, because there is no fully effective fungicide available to control late blight, there are virtually no yield loss data available for organic farming conditions. In large-scale experiments covering 2-6 ha from 2000-2002, late blight assessments were conducted throughout the season in small sections throughout the field. The same sections were harvested, resulting in between 400 and 700 data points per experiment and year. In a second set of experiments, from 2002-2004, the interactive effects of N-availability in the soil, climatic conditions and late blight were studied in the presence and absence of copper...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://orgprints.org/9601/1/9601_Finckh_Poster.pdf
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Performance and variability of thirteen winter wheat composite cross populations (CCP) with differing cultivation histories. Organic Eprints
Weedon, Odette; Haak, Jette; Heinrich, Sven; Finckh, Maria R..
Alternative breeding approaches in organic agriculture have started to address pressing issues such as the lack of appropriate plant varieties particularly suited to cope with higher biotic and abiotic stresses, generally found in low-input and organic production systems. This challenge, coupled with the additional pressure of loss of plant genetic diversity, has driven novel breeding approaches such as Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) and other genotype mixtures, thereby increasing both intra- and inter-varietal diversity. This High genetic Diversity (Hi-D) approach is relevant to organic agricultural systems for two reasons; firstly the availability of diverse germplasm improves chances of finding germplasm suited for low-input conditions as found in...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Biodiversity and ecosystem services Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/30320/1/AbstractWeedonetal.pdf
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Der Einfluss von Minimalbodenbearbeitung, Zwischenfrüchten und Kompostdüngung auf pflanzenparasitäre Nematoden im Ökolandbau Organic Eprints
Schmidt, Jan-Henrik; Bleher, Katharina; Hallmann, Dr. Johannes; Finckh, Maria R..
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) can be highly damaging towards plants managed organically. In particular, broad host range PPN (Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp.) increase under long crop rotations and high weed pressure. PPN populations have been monitored since the beginning of an EU-project about minimum tillage, cover crops. living mulches, and compost application in organic farming in 2012. In the first two years after set up of the experiment, a slight increase of PPN in the minimum tillage treatment was found. However, compost as well as cover crops and living mulches did not change PPN populations so far.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Soil tillage Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/27142/1/27142_schmidt.pdf
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Reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung, Zwischenfrüchte und Transfermulch für einen bodenregenerierenden Anbau Organic Eprints
Junge, Stephan; Jäckel, Ulf; Storch, Johannes; Kirchner, Sascha; Saucke, Helmut; Finckh, Maria R..
Spezialisierung, Intensivierung und Ökonomisierung erschweren Bodenstrukturverbesserung und den Pflanzenschutz im ökologischen Landbau. Um die nachhaltigen Ziele des Ökolandbaus zu erreichen muss parallel eine ökologische Intensivierung stattfinden. Durch Zwischenfrüchte, reduzierter Bodenbearbeitung und Mulch aus Gründüngern soll der Bodenzustand während des Anbaus verbessert, Erosion vermieden und der Pflanzenschutzaufwand verringert werden, für einen resilienten Anbau. In dem Workshop werden Akteure aus Praxis, Beratung und Wissenschaft ihre Erkenntnisse zum bodenschonenden Anbau zusammenfassen. In Arbeitsgruppen werden Fragen der Umsetzung, Herausforderungen und einer Vernetzung erörtert. Die abschließende Diskussion bietet Raum um offene Fragen und...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Nutrient turnover; Vegetables; Root crops; Soil tillage; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://orgprints.org/36260/1/Beitrag_338_W02-01_Reduzierte-Bodenbearbeitung.pdf
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Grain legumes and soil fertility - Strategies for a successful cultivation Organic Eprints
Böhm, Herwart; Bohne, Björn; Brandhuber, Robert; Bruns, Christian; Demmel, Markus; Finckh, Maria R.; Fuchs, Jacques G.; Gronle, Annkathrin; Hensel, Oliver; Lux, Guido; Möller, Detlev; Schmidt, Harald; Schmidtke, Knut; Spiegel, Ann-Kathrin; Vogt-Kaute, Werner; Wilbois, Klaus-Peter; Wild, Melanie; Wolf, Daniel.
The German Federal programme on organic farming and other forms of sustainable agriculture developed practical cultivation strategies with the aim of improving soil fertility and plant nutrition. During the five-year project, some new practical knowledge was gained. These findings are listed in the booklet. Reading this guideline should encourage farmers to intensify the cultivation of grain legumes.
Tipo: Practice tool Palavras-chave: Soil.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/31992/1/1654-koernerleguminosen.pdf
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Beziehung von Blatt- und Fruchtbefall mit Braunfäule bei Freilandtomaten Organic Eprints
Butz, Andreas F.; Finckh, Maria R..
There is virtually no information available on the relationship between the reaction of tomatoes to Phytophthora infestans on leaves and fruits. Late blight and brown rot of tomatoes were assessed in outdoor conditions in 2005 on 15 tomato varieties and in 2006 for 41 varieties. Leaf disease expressed as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the proportion of healthy fruit of the total fruit were used as meas-ures. In 2005, the two varieties that were most susceptible to leaf blight produced the least healthy fruit while the most resistant variety produced the highest proportion of healthy fruit. However, for the varieties with more intermediate reactions to leaf blight there was great variation in the proportion of healthy fruit with an...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://orgprints.org/9529/1/9529_Butz_Vortrag.pdf
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Sortenmischungen bei Getreide: Eine Chance für die ökologische Qualitätsproduktion Organic Eprints
Finckh, Maria R..
Um eine hohe Backqualität vor allem auch für Weißmehlprodukte zu erreichen, muss der Weizen optimal mit Nährstoffen versorgt werden. Dies bedeutet im ökologischen Landbau, dass das N-Angebot erhöht werden muss. Während dies einerseits Erträge und/oder Qualität steigern kann, erhöht es andererseits auch die Anfälligkeit des Bestandes vor allem gegenüber obligaten Pathogenen, wie Rost und Mehltau. Außerdem nimmt der Fusariumbefall bei erhöhtem N-Angebot deutlich zu. Fusariumbefall beeinflusst die Qualität durch die Produktion von Mykotoxinen sowie durch eine unmittelbare Verminderung der Backqualität.
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://orgprints.org/1040/1/Finckh.pdf
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Einflüsse des Ackerbohnenkäfers (Bruchus rufimanus) und von Bodenpathogenen auf Feldaufgang und Ertrag bei bunt- und weißblühenden Ackerbohnensorten (Vicia faba) Organic Eprints
Saucke, Helmut; Riemer, Natalia; Geßner, Christina; Bacanovic, Jelena; Šišić, Adnan; Finckh, Maria R..
We compared field emergence and yield of a white- and a coloured-flowered variety of faba bean (Vicia faba) in relation to Bruchus rufimanus seed damage in a factorial, hand sown mini-plot field experiment. Further manipulating factors at sowing were, foot root rot inoculation with a 4-species Fusarium-mixture, a seed dressing with powdered testa material of the coloured-flower variety and sowing depth. In both varieties Fusarium-inoculation was the most detrimental and significant factor to field emergence and yield, interacting with a concordant B. rufimanus effect. Expectedly, the white-flowered variety was most affected. Tannin-containing testa meal did not reduce or compensate the impact of fungal inoculation and/or B. rufimanus. We hypothesize that...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/27141/1/27141_saucke.pdf
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Yield stability analysis for three winter wheat composite cross populations under organic and conventional management over five years Organic Eprints
Weedon, Odette; Brumlop, Sarah; Heinrich, Sven; Finckh, Maria R..
Increasingly uncertain climatic conditions threaten the security and stability of agricultural systems (Østergård et al., 2009; Döring et al., 2011) and a better understanding of genotype x environment (GxE) interactions is needed to shift the agricultural focus from manipulating environments to grow crops to creating crops that fit into the environment (Østergård et al., 2009; Lammerts van Bueren et al., 2012). GxE interactions play a pivotal role in assessing yield stability of crops and the challenge of changing climatic conditions necessitates that new crop cultivars should have broad adaptability, stable agronomic performance over a range of environments and management systems and generally high yields (Akcura et al., 2006). The High genetic Diversity...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Biodiversity and ecosystem services Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://orgprints.org/33021/1/Weedon%20et%20al.2016_EUCARPIA.pdf
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Wirtschaftlichkeit und Stabilität der ökologischen Winterweizenproduktion mit Composite Cross-Populationen Organic Eprints
Siegmeier, Torsten; Kluth, Jacob; Weedon, Odette; Finckh, Maria R.; Möller, Detlev.
Diversität im Anbausystem wird vielfach als Schüssel für stabile Erträge und ein resilientes Produktionssystem gesehen. Die evolutionäre Pflanzenzüchtung und der Anbau von genetisch heterogenen Composite Cross-Populationen (CCP) sind ein Ansatz die Diversität zu steigern mit dem Ziel stabilere Erträge zu erwirtschaften. Hierbei besteht ein Trade-off zwischen einem kurzfristig hohen Ertragspotenzial bei Liniensorten und potentiell langfristiger Ertragsstabilität von CCP – auch unter Extrembedingungen. Mit einer Leistungs-Kostenrechnung und stochastischer Simulation werden in diesem Beitrag die Wirtschaftlichkeit und das Produktionsrisiko von CCP mit herkömmlichen Liniensorten verglichen. Die Einzelkostenfreie Leistung (€/ha) der CCP liegt etwa auf dem...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Farm economics.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://orgprints.org/36249/1/Beitrag_325_final_a.pdf
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Diversifikationsstrategien für das Management der Kraut-und Knollenfäule der Kartoffel Organic Eprints
Finckh, Maria R.; Andrivon, Didier; Bodker, Lars; Bouws-Beuermann, Heidi; Corbiere, Roselyne; Elliseche, Daniel; Philipps, Scott; Wolfe, Martin S..
Fazit: Die bisherigen Ergebnisse deuten auf eine extreme Sortenabhängigkeit in den epidemiologischen Effekten von Diversifikationsstrategien hin. Außerdem spielt die Variabilität des Befallsdruckes selbst innerhalb eines Feldes eine kritische Rolle. Für die Auswertung von Daten muß deshalb die räumliche Verteilung des Befalles viel stärker mit entsprechenden statistischen Modellen in Betracht gezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse aus den Streifenexperimenten sind analog den Ergebnissen aus den Sortenmischungen und deuten darauf hin, daß Kartoffeln extrem empfindlich auf Konkurrenz sowohl verschiedener Sorten als auch Arten reagieren. Um Diversifikationsstrategien sinnvoll einsetzen zu können, sollten als erstes die Reaktionen von Sorten auf andere Sorten und...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Root crops Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://orgprints.org/1037/1/1037%2Dfinckh.pdf
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Vergleich der Adaptation von Winterweizenpopulationen mit unterschiedlichem Anbauhintergrund Organic Eprints
Weedon, Odette; Haak, Jette; Brumlop, Sarah; Finckh, Maria R.; Heinrich, Sven.
Thirteen winter wheat composite cross populations originating from one population but with differing histories over six years and three reference varieties were compared for yield, disease occurrence, as well as phenotypic diversity. The populations performed similarly and often better than the reference varieties in terms of yield and had lower incidence of disease. The populations are also phenotypically diverse and differ among each other, indicating that they have maintained a high degree of diversity over time and in varying locations, but most likely also diverged from each other.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/30328/1/26934_weedon.pdf
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Performance of wheat composite crosses on station and on-farm Organic Eprints
Finckh, Maria R.; Heinrich, Sven; Brumlop, Sarah.
The F11 of 14 winter wheat composite cross populations (CCPs) were compared in replicated field trials to the mixture of the 20 parents and three commercial wheat cultivars in replicated field trials. In addition, one population was given to farmers for on-farm testing. In 2012 severe frost killed 16 out of the 20 parental varieties of the CCPs. In contrast, the mixture of these varieties and the CCP populations survived well. The CCPs with high yielding parents yielded still highest in the F12 and quality in the CCPs with high quality parents was highest. CCPs on-farm were comparable in performance with farmers reference varieties.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/28192/1/finckh-etal-2014-SolibamFinalCongress-book-of-abstract-p107-108.pdf
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Evaluation of the causes of legume yield depression syndrome using an improved diagnostic tool Organic Eprints
Fuchs, Jacques G.; Thürig, Barbara; Brandhuber, Robert; Bruns, Christian; Finckh, Maria R.; Fließbach, Andreas; Mäder, Paul; Schmidt, Harald; Vogt-Kaute, Werner; Wilbois, Klaus-Peter; Lucius, Tamm.
The aim of the study was to establish a diagnostic tool to narrow down the causes for pea yield depressions. A differential two-level diagnostic test system was established under controlled conditions usingpeas (Pisum sativum L.) as test plants. Soils from 22 organically managed sites with unexplained moderate to high pea yield losses were tested in level 1 diagnostics (y-irradiation to eliminate potentiallyharmful organisms, nutrient additions to compensate for potential nutrient deficiencies or activated charcoal amendment to bind and thereby to immobilize potentially phytotoxic compounds). Results showedthat organisms harmful to the test plant were the primary cause of limited germination and growth inmost of the sampled soils, whereas a positive effect...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Soil tillage.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/25617/1/Fuchs_2014.pdf
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Evolutionsverbot per Gesetz, oder: Die Konsequenzen der Verhinderung der Ko- Evolution in der Landwirtschaft Organic Eprints
Finckh, Maria R..
Die Kulturpflanzen im Wandel der Zeit. Segen und Fluch der modernen Pflanzenzucht Ko-Evolution kontra moderne Pflanzenzucht: aus Mangel an Anpassungsfähigkeit der Pflanzen Resistenzzusammenbruch! Die Resistenzvielfalt ist oft noch mehr eingeschränkt als die Sortenvielfalt Strategien zum Einsatz der genetischen Vielfalt Für die Ko-Evolution braucht es mehr als Sortenmischungen! Der gesetzliche Rahmen erlaubt keine evolutionäre Zucht Schlussbemerkung: Gibt es Alternativen zu unserem System?
Tipo: Book chapter Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://orgprints.org/14362/1/Die_Verhinderung_der_Ko%2Devolution.pdf
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Winterweizen Composite Cross Populationen im Ökolandbau – Stärken und Schwächen aus Sicht von Supply Chain Akteuren Organic Eprints
Burwitz, Lea; Siegmeier, Torsten; Weedon, Odette; Finckh, Maria R.; Möller, Detlev.
Genetisch diverse Composite Cross Populationen (CCP) können helfen, Anbausysteme an sich verändernde Bedingungen anzupassen und biotische/abiotische Stressfaktoren zu puffern. Vor allem der Ökolandbau könnte von heterogenen Populationen und deren Anpassungsfähigkeit profitieren. Zurzeit kann auf Basis einer EU-Richtlinie Populationssaatgut z.B. von Weizen in den Verkehr gebracht werden. Aktuelle Änderungen der EU-Vorschriften sollen den Vertrieb von Populationen ab 2021 zumindest im Ökosektor ermöglichen. Es bleibt die Frage, ob und wie Populationen in der Praxis angenommen werden. Diese Studie untersucht mithilfe qualitativer Methoden die Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken von Winterweizenpopulationen aus Sicht der Akteure entlang der ökologischen...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Farm economics Markets and trade Produce chain management.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://orgprints.org/36247/1/Beitrag_323_final_a.pdf
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Körnerleguminosen und Bodenfruchtbarkeit - Strategien für einen erfolgreichen Anbau Organic Eprints
Böhm, Herwart; Brandhuber, Robert; Bruns, Christian; Demmel, Markus; Finckh, Maria R.; Fuchs, Jacques; Gronle, Annkathrin; Hensel, Oliver; Lux, Guido; Möller, Detlev; Schmidt, Harald; Schmidtke, Knut; Spiegel, Ann-Kathrin; Vogt-Kaute, Werner; Werren, Dagmar; Wilbois, Klaus-Peter; Wild, Melanie; Wolf, Daniel.
Der Boden ist eine der wichtigsten Grundlagen unseres Lebens, das erkannte bereits der Bodenkundler und Jurist Friedrich Albert Fallou. Um der großen Bedeutung des Bodens gerecht zu werden, schrieb das „Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft“ (BÖLN*) eine interdisziplinäre Bekanntmachung aus, um praxisnahe Anbaustrategien zu entwickeln, um die Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Pflanzenernährung im Körnerleguminosenanbau zu verbessern. So wurde das interdisziplinäre Bodenfruchtbarkeitsprojekt ins Leben gerufen, in dem Wissenschaft, Beratung und Praxis eng verzahnt waren. Im Laufe des fünfjährigen Projektes kristallisierten sich viele praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse heraus, die nun in der Praxisbroschüre "Körnerleguminosen und...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Composting and manuring Soil tillage Soil.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/25326/1/broschuere_bodenfruchtbarkeit_web.pdf
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Auswirkungen der Sortenmischungsstrategie auf Backqualität,Ertrag und Krankheitsbefall im Winterweizen Organic Eprints
Finckh, Maria R.; Schulze-Schilddorf, Georg; Pawelzik, Elke.
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Auswirkungen von Sortenmischungen bei unterschiedlicher Nährstoffversorgung auf Backqualität, Ertrag und Krankheitsbefall im Ökologischen Landbau zu überprüfen. Die Ergebnisse der Versuche legen nahe, daß Interaktionen zwischen Standortbedingungen, Jahr und Sorte sehr groß sind aber insgesamt die Mischungen die Backqualität nicht beeinträchtigen. Die Datenbasis ist aber für die Formulierung von Empfehlungen nicht breit genug. Um den Einfluß von Standortfaktoren und Mischungen auf Krankheitsbefall, v.a. Fusariosen, Backqualität und Mykotoxin-belastung zu quantifizieren wurden für 2002/2003 Praxisversuche an 12 Standorten mit Reinbeständen und Mischungen angelegt.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://orgprints.org/1042/1/1042%2Dfinckh%2Det%2Dal%2D2003%2Dsortenmischungsstrategien%2Dwien.pdf
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Yield stability in winter wheat composite cross populations under organic and conventional conditions from the F5 to the F13. Organic Eprints
Weedon, Odette; Finckh, Maria R..
The use of Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) as an alternative breeding approach, has gained significant interest, particularly due to the potential adaptability of evolving populations to specific locations. Three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) CC populations were created in 2001 through collaboration between Elm Farm Research Centre (ORC) and the John Innes Institute in the UK. The populations were created through the inter-crossing of 20 parental varieties, in order to create a high yielding (Y) population; a high baking quality (Q) population and a population consisting of the 9 x 12 (YQ) intercrosses. Since 2005/6 (F5), the populations have been maintained at Kassel University without conscious selection. The objectives of the study are to...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Biodiversity and ecosystem services Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/33019/1/Weedon_Finckh_Yield_stability_Abstract.pdf
Registros recuperados: 85
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