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| Registros recuperados: 72 | |
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| Kumar, Anjani; Kumar, Sant; Singh, Dhiraj Kumar; Shivjee. |
| This paper has studied rural employment diversification in India and across major states using NSSO data at household level for the period 1983 and 2009-10. Factors affecting rural employment diversification towards non-farm sector have also been studied. Analysis has shown that the non-farm sector has consistently grown over time and employed nearly one-third of the rural workforce in 2009-10, as compared to merely one-fifth in 1983 at all-India level. The similar trend is seen across major states as well, though the pace and pattern varied widely. In providing employment to rural workforce, increasing dominance of crop production, followed by animal husbandry was observed across major states during 2009-10. The share of fishery and forestry was... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Rural employment; Employment diversification; Crop sector; Agricultural and Food Policy; J21; J23; O15; O18. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119386 |
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| Gibson, John. |
| Rapid urbanization is a major cause of structural change in food demand. In West Africa, urbanization is associated with a switch from coarse grains to rice and wheat, in Melanesia the switch is from root crops to rice and wheat, while in much of Asia the switch is away from cereals (and within cereals to wheat). Although reasons why urban diets differ from traditional rural diets are well known, the rate at which recent arrivals from the countryside switch their diet has not been estimated. Evidence on the speed of this dietary change can help to show whether studies of urban food demand need to control for cohort effects and may also help producers forecast the size of their future urban markets. This paper uses cross-sectional household survey data from... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Migration; Urbanization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; O15. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123806 |
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| Udry, Christopher R.. |
| Child labor exists because it is the best response people can find in intolerable circumstances. Poverty and child labor are mutually reinforcing: because their parents are poor, children must work and not attend school, and then grow up poor. Child labor has two important special features. First, when financial markets are imperfect, the separation in time between the immediate benefits and long-delayed costs of sending children to work lead to too much child labor. Second, the costs and benefits of child labor are borne by different people. Targeted subsidies for school attendance are very effective in reducing child labor because they successfully address both of these problems. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Child labor; Human capital; Household economics; Labor and Human Capital; J24; O15. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28393 |
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| Ranis, Gustav. |
| Recent literature has contrasted Human Development, described as the ultimate goal of the development process, with economic growth, described as an imperfect proxy for more general welfare, or as a means toward enhanced human development. This debate has broadened the definitions and goals of development but still needs to define the important interrelations between human development (HD) and economic growth (EG). To the extent that greater freedom and capabilities improve economic performance, human development will have an important effect on growth. Similarly, to the extent that increased incomes will increase the range of choices and capabilities enjoyed by households and governments, economic growth will enhance human development. This paper analyzes... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Human development; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O15; O11. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28375 |
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| Ranis, Gustav. |
| Human development, in combination with technology, yields economic growth which, in turn, is necessary to generate further advances in human development. This paper focuses on the first channel above and finds the relationship significant. Secondly, the paper tries to investigate what affects technology change, as represented by TFP. We examine the influence of openness, FDI, patents and R&D in a 22 country sample and also contrast Asian and Latin American experience. |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Technology; Human Development; International Development; F00; F16; J24; O10; O15; O30; O31; O32. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118649 |
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| Rosenzweig, Mark R.. |
| I illustrate the variety of approaches to development issues microeconomists employ, focusing on studies that illuminate and quantify the major mechanisms posited by growth theorists who highlight the role of education in fostering growth. I begin with a basic issue: what are the returns to schooling? I discuss microeconomic studies that estimate schooling returns using alternative approaches to estimating wage equations, which require assumptions that are unlikely to be met in low-income countries, looking at inferences based on how education interacts with policy and technological changes in the labor and marriage markets. I then review research addressing whether schooling facilitates learning, or merely imparts knowledge, and whether there is social... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Schooling; Development; Growth; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O11; O15; O33; J24. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59442 |
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| Rusali, Mirela. |
| The paper aims to present possible development visions for the rural areas in a candidate country to access the EU. The proposed objective is to provide a decision-making tool useful in strategic planning process, by designing models of integrated rural development, applicable at country or regional levels. The scenarios method was used to conceive alternatives for rural development and design scenario matrices, focusing on the institutional and socio-economic modules of analysis. The paper proposes a trend scenario, based on the potentials and constraints identified in the analysis phase, and 3 goal scenarios, based on distinctly different sets of goals or development visions. The expected outcome consists in development of the potential for economic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Economic diversification; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; O15. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24617 |
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| Michaelowa, Katharina. |
| Low teacher motivation and its detrimental effect on student achievement are central problems of many education systems in Africa. Using standardized data for student achievement in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Madagascar and Senegal, this paper analyzes the empirical links between various policy measures, teacher job satisfaction and primary education outcomes. It appears that there is only very limited evidence for the effectiveness of intensively debated and costly measures such as increasing teachers salaries, reducing class size, and increasing academic qualification requirements. Other, more simple measures such as improved equipment with textbooks are both more effective and less costly. It also appears that teacher job satisfaction... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Teacher job satisfaction; Student achievement; Africa; Labor and Human Capital; I21; O15; O20. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26273 |
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| Yamano, Takashi; Jayne, Thomas S.. |
| The rapid increase in adult mortality due to the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa raises great concern about potential intergenerational effects on children. This article estimates the impact of AIDS-related adult mortality on primary school attendance in rural Kenya using a panel of 1,266 households surveyed in 1997, 2000, and 2002. The paper distinguishes between effects on boys’ and girls’ education to understand potential gender differences resulting from adult mortality. We also estimate how adult mortality affects child schooling before as well as after the death occurs. The paper also estimates the importance of households’ initial asset levels in influencing the relationship between adult mortality and child school attendance. We find that all... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Kenya; Education; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; O12; O15; J10; Q12. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55159 |
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| Registros recuperados: 72 | |
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