SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE DUTCH NATURE CONSERVATION POLICY: DIRECT, INDIRECT EFFECTS AND TRANSACTION COSTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL MAIN STRUCTURE IN THE NETHERLANDS

Carvalho, Jose Marcio.

With this article the intention is to add to the Transaction Cost Analysis empirical discussions. It introduces a model that aims to graphically represent transaction arrangements. The proposed model was empirically tested in the Brazilian fruit export sector. Six different fruit were used as the basis for the investigation: melons, grapes, mangoes, papayas, oranges and apples. These are the six most exported fruit produced in Brazil. Two distinct research techniques were used in the investigation: secondary data analysis and interviews. The focal aim of the secondary data research was the characterisation and comparison of the production and export sequences of the six most exported Brazilian fruit types. The content of the semi-structured interview...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Fruit trade; Graphical representation.; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43981

Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Polman, Nico B.P.; Slangen, Louis H.G..

The scattering of nature areas in the Netherlands and the increased demand for nature lead to a governmental project in 1990 to complete a network of nature favouring areas, the ecological main structure, in 2018. The financial and economic costs and benefits of this project were analysed. Targets for purchasing of agricultural land and conversion into nature were adjusted several times as the land price doubled between 1995 and 2000. The purchasing rate still has to double, which will probably drive up the land price even further. The alternative is long-term contracts with farmers or private landowners for nature conservation.

Transaction costs in agri-environmental schemes: the principal-agent-point of view

Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Transaction costs; Land market; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43970

Weber, Anja Michaela; Nuppenau, Ernst-August.

Agri-environmental schemes provide payments for farmers in return for environmental services. Their implementation induces transaction costs for administration and farmers. Although transaction costs became subject of research in recent years, little attention has been paid to activities which create them. This paper uses insights from Principal-Agent-Theory to show, how information gaps between contracting partners result in tradeoffs inducing activities conducted at implementation level. A Grassland Extensification Scheme, provided in Hesse, Germany, serves as a case-study. The paper shows that attempts and incentives to overcome informational gaps are different for administration and farmer. Further, attempts to reduce transaction costs of own...

Supervision and Transaction Costs: Evidence from Rice Farms in Bicol, The Philippines

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Transaction costs; Principal-agent-theory; Hesse; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q18; Q23.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94919

Evenson, Robert E.; Kimhi, Ayal; Desilva, Sanjaya.

Labor markets in all economies are subject to transaction costs associated with recruiting, monitoring and supervising workers. Rural labor markets in developing economies, where institutions such as labor and contract law and formal employment assistance mechanisms are not in place, are regarded to be particularly sensitive to transaction cost conditions. The inherent difficulty of measuring transaction costs has limited studies on this topic. In this paper, we analyze supervision activities reported in a cross-section survey of rice farmers in the Bicol region of the Philippines. This survey is unique because it provides supervision data at the farm task level. We present a simple optimization model in which supervision intensity increases the...

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: The Role of Firm Heterogeneity and Transaction Costs

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Supervision; Labor markets; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; 013; D23; J43; Q12.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28467

Kancs, d'Artis; Ciaian, Pavel.

In this paper we study the determinants of the factor content of the CEE agricultural trade. Examining empirically three hypothesis, which relate cross-country differences in technology, relative factor abundance and transaction costs and market imperfections to the factor content of trade, we find that the first two hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the developed EU countries, but rejected by roughly one half of the CEE transition country pairs. Second, we find that when accounting for transaction costs of farm (re)organisation, both hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the CEE country pairs. These findings provide empirical evidence of market imperfections, and particularly, of transaction costs of farm (re)organisation in the CEE.

ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC SECTOR TRANSACTION COSTS IN NRCS PROGRAMS

Palavras-chave: Factor content; Bilateral trade; Relative factor abundance; Technological differences; Agriculture; Transaction costs; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51429

McCann, Laura M.J.; Easter, K. William.

When evaluating the economic efficiency of policies to reduce nonpoint source pollution, administrative or transaction costs are usually not taken into account. While the importance of transaction costs has been recognized in the theoretical literature, the fact that they are not incorporated in empirical analyses means that, in effect, these costs are given a zero value. This issue is examined quantitatively using data collected by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). Transaction costs are found to be a significant portion (38 percent) of overall conservation costs. This provides strong support for including these costs in economic evaluations of alternative policy instruments.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: NRCS; Transaction costs; Conservation practices; Abatement costs; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15313

Cross Compliance of CAP First Pillar Measures: A Transaction Costs Assessment

Ridier, Aude; Kephaliacos, Charilaos; Carpy-Goulard, Francoise.

The 2003 review of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has introduced several new policy tools, among which cross-compliance. The introduction of this new policy entails production costs, along with other types of costs arising at the farm level: administrative, information, organisational costs, called transaction costs. The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature of transaction costs and to assess them. The literature on transaction costs in agriculture has, until now, mainly been devoted to the voluntary measures implemented within the framework of the European agri-environmental policy. The first part of the paper intends to use this literature to apply the private transaction costs analysis to the issue of cross compliance. The second part...

How Does Self-governance Complement ITQ under QMS in New Zealand?– A Case Study of the Self-governance Evolvement in the Foveaux Strait Oyster Fishery

Palavras-chave: Cross compliance; Transaction costs; CAP; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44021

Yang, Yu Wen (Ann).

This paper examines efforts to develop industry led self-governance in the Bluff Oyster Fishery. The paper focuses on participatory management and its ability to address some of the unintended consequences of management – for example high-grading. The Bluff oyster fishery’s administrative and biological performances are analysed and then used to assess whether or not the participatory management model – fisheries self-governance in this case – complements Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) for this inshore shellfish fishery. The paper argues that the fishery’s current self-governance model not only aids in improving the performance of the fishery, and that the Bluff oyster fishery has the capacity to shift towards an industry led self-regulated fishery.

Factors that Affect Farmers’ Behaviors on Participating in Policy-Oriented Agricultural Insurance in the Pilot Area - A Case of Insurance on Apple in Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province

Palavras-chave: Self-governance; ITQ; OMS; Transaction costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96441

Efficient Public Provision of Commodities: Transaction Costs, Bounded Rationality and Other Considerations

Li, Xiao-qiao.

Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example ,the factors that affect farmers’ behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the indexes covering household features, agricultural production risks, the attitudes of rural households towards risks and the transaction cost of participating insurance and by using Logistic regression model. The results show that comparing with insurance company, the government has larger influence on farmers’ behaviors on participating insurance; the premium of agricultural insurance does not obstruct farmers’ participation in insurance; the bad-handled relations between the government and insurance company have bad effects on the development of...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural insurance; Behaviors on participating agricultural insurance; Attitudes towards risks; Transaction costs; China; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113425

Tisdell, Clement A..

After briefly reviewing recent economic theories about the economic welfare consequences of public provision of private commodities, this article examines the cost efficient supply of publicly provided commodities. In the light of the presence of transaction costs and bounded rationality, and consequences for the competence of public bodies, it considers whether the following are cost effective: (1) increased out-sourcing of government funded work and supplies using market and competitive mechanisms; (2) greater contestability of employment in the public sector; (3) more widespread imposition of user charges for publicly supplied commodities; and (4) the increased use of performance budgeting and accounting in the public sector. These measures are often...

CONTRACTING IN AGRICULTURE: A PRIMER FOR FARM LENDERS

Palavras-chave: Bounded rationality; Competence; Economic efficiency; Transaction costs; User charges; Public Economics.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90529

Hudson, Darren.

Contracting in agriculture has increased over the past several decades. This activity has heightened concerns about concentration, market power, and farmer welfare. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the underlying motivations for contracting and to highlight some of the trade-offs made when making contracting decisions. These illustrations are intended to inform readers of the economic conditions for contracting, not provide empirical evidence of their implications, costs, or benefits.

Die Entscheidungen des ’Dispute Settlement’-Verfahrens der WTO im Hormonstreit zwischen der EU und den USA - Implikationen für den zukünftigen Umgang mit dem SPS-Abkommen

Palavras-chave: Contracting; Asset specificity; Transaction costs; Farm Management.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15789

A CADEIA PRODUTIVA DE CAQUI NO MUNICÍPIO DE ANTÔNIO CARLOS SOB A ÓTICA DA ECONOMIA DOS CUSTOS DE TRANSAÇÃO

Kramb, Marc Christopher.

Institutions should reduce uncertainty and the costs of transaction with their regulating activities. This target was pursued at an international level with the foundation of the WTO. With an extensive treaty and a new dispute settlement procedure, the WTO was founded as the institutional platform for international co-operation. In view of the growing conflicts in international trade, the hope to create with this institution an international trade order, in which legally comprehensible decisions dominate and power-oriented politics are deterred, is fading. The case of the hormone dispute shows that the target of a fast harmonization of international standards cannot be reached in critical trade disputes. A solo effort in the area of trade measures that is...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: WTO; Institutions; Transaction costs; Dispute settlement procedures; SPS-Agreement; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98861

Guerra, Cristina Aparecida; Pereira, Claudia Maria Miranda de Araujo.

This work discusses the importance of the kaki productive chain in the Antônio Carlos district and its growing potentialities, analysed from the perspective of Transaction Costs Economics. The objective is to verify how the transactions between the kaki producers from the Antônio Carlos district and the downstream and upstream agents of the productive chain occur, as well as to study the governance structure in this chain. The data were obtained from semi-structured interviews carried out with seven producers, who were chosen according to criteria such as accessibility and representativity of the district’s production. It was verified that the contracts made between the producers and the downstream industry are classic and the form of governance is the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Kaki; Specificity; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61475

Sustainable School Food Procurement in Large K–12 Districts: Prospects for Value Chain Partnerships

Conner, David S.; Izumi, Betty T.; Liquori, Toni; Hamm, Michael W..

Many scholars and activists are interested in the potential for school-based childhood nutrition programs to positively impact the U.S. agri-food system. This paper explores efforts of a national K–12 school food collaborative to procure more sustainably grown and healthful food products. After a review of literature on transaction cost theory and school food procurement, the paper examines the potential of strategic partnerships in a value chain framework to meet procurement change goals. Results from a qualitative study of two participating school districts suggest that partnerships can offer potential solutions to recurring procurement barriers found in previous research.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: School meals; Supply chains; Transaction costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123317

Transaction Cost Analysis of Upstream-Downstream Relations in Watershed Services: Lessons from Community-Based Forestry Management in Sumatra, Indonesia

Arifin, Bustanul.

This study analyzes transaction costs occurred in the existing set-up of upstream-downstream relations and reward mechanisms of the watershed services in Sumatra, Indonesia. The rewards are manifested through property right reforms in terms of "recognition" and "loss of fear of eviction" among local communities to utilize land within the "protection forest", such as implemented under the community-based forestry management (CBFM) policy. The study sites of Sumber Jaya watershed in Sumatra, Indonesia has been notoriously known as a benchmark for conflict of watershed functions between the state and the society, and among stakeholders such as coffee growers, domestic water-users, hydroelectric power company, etc. Estimated transaction cost to implement the...

MARKETING CHANNELS COMPETE FOR U.S. STOCKER CATTLE

Palavras-chave: Environmental services; Transaction costs; Indonesia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25788

Schmitz, Troy G.; Moss, Charles B.; Schmitz, Andrew.

This study investigates the underlying reasons for a producer's choice of marketing channels for stocker cattle in the United States. In addition to traditional public auctions, private sales, video auctions, and Internet auctions have been recently used in the marketing of stocker cattle. Findings show that while the number of marketing options may have increased in recent years, only relatively large producers can actually take advantage of these options. The marketing options for smaller producers are still limited due to their relative size. Also, the number of cattle marketed privately and through video and Internet auctions is found to be positively correlated with herd size. In addition, the New Institutional Economics (NIE) provides insights into...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Internet sales; Livestock; Marketing channels; New Institutional Economics; Transaction costs; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14665

Distributing pollution rights in cap-and-trade programs: are outcomes independent of allocation?

Fowlie, Meredith; Perloff, Jeffrey M..

According to the Coase theorem, if property rights to pollute are clearly established and emissions permit markets nearly eliminate transaction costs, the permit market equilibrium will be independent of how the permits are initially distributed among firms. Testing the independence of firms' permit allocations and emissions is difficult because of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We exploit the random assignment of firms to different permit allocation cycles in Southern California's RECLAIM Program to test for a causal relationship between facility-level emissions and initial permit allocations. Our primary finding is that a null hypothesis of zero effect cannot be rejected.

Agricultural cooperatives II: Can they facilitate access of small-scale farmers in South Africa to input and product markets?

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions trading; Transaction costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; D21; D23; H11; Q50; Q53; Q58.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47002

Ortmann, Gerald F.; King, Robert P..

The objective of this research is to investigate whether agricultural cooperatives can facilitate smallholder farmer access to input and product markets. Farmers in two case study communal areas of KwaZulu-Natal face high transaction costs as reflected primarily in their low levels of education and literacy, lack of market information, insecure property rights, poor road and communication infrastructure, and long distances to markets. Analysis of the reasons why cooperatives were originally established in various parts of the world suggests that most of the causes (such as poverty, market failure and high transaction costs) also apply to the study farmers, as do the seven international principles of cooperation. Smallholder farmers in both case study...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural cooperatives; Small-scale farmers; High-value crops; Transaction costs; South Africa; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10124

Rural institutions and producer organizations in imperfect markets: experiences from producer marketing groups in semi-arid eastern Kenya

Shiferaw, Bekele A.; Obare, Gideon A.; Muricho, Geoffrey.

Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have liberalized markets to improve efficiency and enhance market linkages for smallholder farmers. The expected positive response by the private sector in areas with limited market infrastructure has however been disappointing. The functioning of markets is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination problems along the production-to-consumption value chain. New kinds of institutional arrangements are needed to reduce these costs and fill the vacuum left when governments withdrew from markets in the era of structural adjustments. One of these institutional innovations has been the strengthening of producer organizations and formation of collective marketing groups as instruments to remedy pervasive market...

VIABILIDADE FINANCEIRA NA INTERNALIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE RAÇÃO NA SUINOCULTURA

Palavras-chave: Market imperfections; Transaction costs; Farmer organizations; Institutions; Collective action; Semi-arid tropics; Kenya; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50066

Bispo, Oscar Neto De Almeida; Ferreira, Marco Aurelio Marques; Abrantes, Luiz Antonio.

Utilizando-se a avaliação de viabilidade financeira, associada às técnicas de análise de risco, este estudo investigou os benefícios e a atratividade da internalização da fabricação de ração na suinocultura, considerando os quesitos atratividade financeira e custos de transação. No cenário determinístico a internalizacão apresentou viabilidade, porém, à luz da teoria de riscos essa viabilidade foi questionada. Isso porque a internalização que gera benefícios rentáveis, traz consigo a incorporação de riscos que antes eram do produtor de ração e não do suinocultor. O estudo demonstrou que, ainda que existam riscos, os possíveis custos gerados pelos ativos específicos podem ser diluídos através do horizonte de tempo do projeto de investimento, visto que as...