SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCING THE USE OF ATRAZINE: AN EXAMPLE OF CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

Vu, Linh; Glewwe, Paul.

In 2007 and 2008, international prices of rice and other grains sharply increased, raising fears that poor households in developing countries would become poorer. Yet, these fears often ignored that many of these poor households were food producers. This study examines the impact of rising food prices on welfare in Vietnam. Our results show that, overall, higher food prices raised the average Vietnamese household’s welfare. However, higher food prices made most households worse off. Average welfare was found to increase because the average welfare loss of households whose welfare declined (net purchasers) was smaller than the average welfare gain of those whose welfare increased (net sellers).

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food prices; Poverty; Rice prices; Vietnam; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105512

Ribaudo, Marc; Hurley, Terrance M..

Restricting or eliminating the use of atrazine in the Midwest would have important economic consequences for farmers, consumers, and the environment. These consequences can only be evaluated with cooperation between economists and weed scientists. The weed control choice set available to farmers cannot be observed through deductive research. Economists and weed scientists worked together to identify all possible weed control strategies for corn and sorghum in the Midwest and to incorporate them into an economic model. An atrazine ban was found to be the costliest strategy, and a targeted, water-quality based strategy the most cost effective.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Deductive research; Environmental exposure; Herbicides; Inductive research; Welfare; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15542

Does Workforce Participation Empower Women? Micro-Level Evidence from Urban Bangladesh

Hossain, Mohammad; Tisdell, Clement A..

Empirical studies on the impact of women’s paid jobs on their empowerment and welfare in the Bangladesh context are rare. The few studies on the issue to date have all been confined to the garment workers only although studies indicate that women’s workforce participation in Bangladesh has increased across-the-board. Besides, none of these studies has made an attempt to control for the non-working women and/or applied any statistical technique to control for the effects of other pertinent determinants of women’s empowerment and welfare such as education, age, religion and place of living. This study overcomes these drawbacks and presents alternative assessments of the link between women’s workforce participation and empowerment on the basis of survey data...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Women; Empowerment; Bangladesh; Welfare; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123451

Geographical Indications and the Competitive Provision of Quality in Agricultural Markets

Moschini, GianCarlo; Menapace, Luisa; Pick, Daniel H..

The economics of geographical indications (GIs) is assessed within a vertical product differentiation framework that is consistent with the competitive structure of the agricultural sector with free entry/exit. It is assumed that certification costs are needed for GIs to serve as (collective) credible quality certification devices, and production of high-quality product is endogenously determined. We find that GIs can support a competitive provision of quality that partly overcomes the market failure and leads to clear welfare gains, although they fall short of delivering the (constrained) first-best level of the high-quality good. The main beneficiaries of the welfare gains are consumers. Producers may also accrue some benefit if the production of...

O BIODIESEL NA MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA DO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DAS EXTERNALIDADES

Palavras-chave: Competitive industry; Free entry/exit; Geographical indications; Marshallian stability; Quality certification; Trademarks; Welfare; Public Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6891

Barroso, Ana Claudia; Alves, Luiz Batista.

A proposta básica deste trabalho é analisar as externalidades provocadas com a inserção do biodiesel na matriz energética brasileira. A metodologia empregada constitui no embasamento teórico de externalidades e bem-estar social. Realizou-se uma análise do bem-estar social dos agentes econômicos de forma a mostrar as externalidades negativas provenientes do uso do óleo diesel mineral que poderão ser evitados ou internalizados com o uso da mistura com o óleo biodiesel. Constatou-se que com a mistura B2, B5, B20 e B100 têm-se uma redução da emissão de 1,0%; 3,0%; 12,0% e 48,0% de monóxido de carbono e materiais particulados, respectivamente e, redução da emissão de 2,0%; 5,0%; 20,0% e 67,0% de hidrocarbonetos, respectivamente, que são os principais gases...

Welfare-Improving Collusion in the Japanese Pork Import Market

Palavras-chave: Oleaginosas; Bem-estar social; Gases de efeito estufa (GEE); Oleaginosas; Welfare; Gasses of effect oven; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113201

Fabiosa, Jacinto F..

Imports are increasingly becoming a significant source of Japan's pork supply. Japan's share of imports to total consumption increased from 9 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 1990, reaching a maximum of 44 percent in 1996. Under the World Trade Organization (WTO) safeguard provisions for pork, Japan can raise its gate price by 24 percent when imports in a given quarter are 119 percent higher than the average imports of the last three years of the same quarter. Japan has already invoked the safeguard provision twice since the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) was signed in 1995. In both cases, the level and volatility of retail prices increased; the CIF values of imports increased, making the impact on the government of Japan (GOJ) tax revenue...

Optimal Emission Tax with Endogenous Location Choice of Duopolistic Firms

Palavras-chave: Collusion; International agricultural trade; Policy analysis; Welfare; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18491

Ikefuji, Masako; Itaya, Jun-ichi; Okamura, Makoto.

This paper explores optimal environmental tax policy under which duopoly firms strategically choose the location of their plants in a simple three-stage game. We examine how the relationship between the optimal emission tax and the choice of location of duopoly firms affects the welfare of the home country. We characterize the relationship between the optimal emission tax and the fixed cost, depending on the degree of environmental damage from production. Finally, we show the existence of asymmetric equilibrium in which either firm chooses relocation of its plant even if the duopoly firms are identical ex ante.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND SCALE IN OPEN AND CLOSED ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy; Relocation; Welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; L13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59377

Hennessy, David A.; Roosen, Jutta; Jensen, Helen H..

Comparative advantage motivates large trade flows in feeder animals throughout the world. Trade creates externalities when animal diseases can spread beyond the purchasing farm. When growers can choose between open and closed production systems, Nash equilibrium will likely involve socially excessive trading. Supply response to an increase in marginal costs may be positive. While first-best involves marketwide adoption of either an open-trade or closed-farm system, equilibrium may entail heterogeneous systems. If this is the case, then the feeder trade should be banned. Within a farm, we show how risk of infectious disease can create decreasing returns to scale when the technology is otherwise increasing in returns to scale. Control of disease risk...

De Gustibus Asparagus: Habits, Trade, and Welfare from Out of Season Imports of Fresh Vegetables

Palavras-chave: Feeder trade; Industrialization; Information; Nash equilibrium; Vertical integration; Welfare; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18405

Ferrier, Peyton Michael; Zhen, Chen.

Fresh vegetables, including asparagus, are now available in months outside of the domestic growing season for most U.S. consumers. We use the virtual price method to calculate the equivalent variation for increased availability in a demand system for fresh and frozen vegetables and find that virtual price of out-of-season asparagus is roughly 3 times higher than its in-season price in years prior to year round availability. We find the equivalent variation between 1986-1991 (when asparagus was available approximately half the year) and 1993-1999 (when it was available year round) to be 0.91 of consumer vegetable budgets, implying a welfare benefit of approximately $86 million annually. We also find evidence of habit formation for fresh but not frozen...

Do Family Caps Reduce Out-of-Wedlock Births? Evidence from Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, New Jersey and Virginia

Palavras-chave: Vegetable; Translog; Asparagus; Habits; Virtual price; Welfare; Fresh; Frozen; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61160

Dyer, Wendy Tanisha; Fairlie, Robert W..

Using Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 1989 to 1999, we examine the impact of family cap policies, which deny incremental welfare benefits, on out-of-wedlock birth rates. We use the first five states that were granted waivers from the Department of Health and Human Services to implement family caps as natural experiments. Specifically, we compare trends in out-ofwedlock birth rates in Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, New Jersey and Virginia to trends in states that did not implement family caps or any other waivers prior to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). We employ several techniques to increase the credibility of results from our natural experiment, such as the inclusion of multiple comparison groups,...

The Economics of Geographical Indications: Welfare Implications

Palavras-chave: Welfare; Family caps; Fertility; Labor and Human Capital; I3; J1.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28431

Tauber, Ramona; Anders, Sven M.; Langinier, Corinne.

The debate over the “right way” of protecting geographical indicators (GIs) has resulted in a growing body of literature investigating the welfare effects of GI policies using economic modelling approaches. This paper presents a synthesis of a small yet growing number of analytical studies on GIs. We find that modelling results and related policy conclusions hinge on different assumptions regarding consumer preferences, quality differentiation and weights attributed to producer or consumer welfare measures. Inconclusive results regarding a pareto-optimal design of GI policy leave several unresolved issues to researchers and policy makers assigned with the welfare implications of GI-based market interventions.

Farm Level Analysis of Risk, and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Evidence from German Crop Farms

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Consumer preferences; Welfare; Policy; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103262

Anton, Jesus; Kimura, Shingo.

This paper describes farmer’s exposures to risks at the individual farm level and develops a model representing the decisions of an individual risk averse farmer facing variability in both prices and yields. A set of stylised risk market instruments is represented. The model is calibrated using farm level data from Germany. Monte-Carlo simulations of the random variables are run, and the corresponding optimal responses are obtained. The main focus of this paper is the interactions between government payments and the farmers’ use of risk market instruments in terms of the potential crowding out of such instruments and impacts on farm return and welfare. Unlike other studies this paper models farming response to payments in terms of production and the use...

Agricultural Market Structure, Generic Advertising, and Welfare

Palavras-chave: Risk; Welfare; Crop yield insurance; Forward contracting and Single Farm Payment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51729

Cardon, James H.; Pope, Rulon D..

This analysis begins with a definition and discussion of productive advertising. Then, following Dixit and Norman, persuasive advertising is used to study the welfare effects of generic advertising by marketing orders. The study first examines horizontal competition when the competing advertiser is a monopoly, and results show that the socially optimal level of advertising for a competitive marketing order is positive only if advertising raises monopoly output. Next, advertising choices of a marketing order which sells its output to a monopolistic distributor are considered. If the distributor is a monopolist, then marketing order advertising raises welfare. This finding is in marked contrast to the results for the horizontal case studied by Dixit and...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Advertising; Market structure; Welfare; Marketing.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31098

The Impact of Rising Food Prices on the Poor

Zezza, Alberto; Davis, Benjamin; Azzarri, Carlo; Covarrubias, Katia; Tasciotti, Luca; Anriquez, Gustavo.

This paper analyzes the household level impact of an increase in price of major tradable staple foods in a cross section of developing countries, using nationally representative household surveys. We find that, in the short term, poorer households and households with limited asset endowments and access to agricultural inputs will be hit the hardest by the price shock. Given the ample degree of heterogeneity among households and among the poor, the analysis emphasizes the importance of meaningful policy research to go beyond average impacts to look at how access to assets and inputs, livelihood strategies and other key household characteristics drive the magnitude and distribution of the effects of the price increases.

Promoting Organic Food: Information Policy Versus Production Subsidy

Palavras-chave: Food prices; Poverty; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; I3; O12; Q1.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51696

Tribl, Christoph; Salhofer, Klaus.

In developed countries governments aim to increase the market share of organic products. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. Using the concept of heterogeneous producers and consumers we compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: First, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production. Second, we compare this policy measure to a demand-side oriented information policy, which aims to enhance the acceptance and identification of an organic food label. Third, we assume a mix of both policy measures. The main findings of this...

Forest Product Trade Impacts of an Invasive Species: Modeling Structure and Intervention Trade-Offs

Palavras-chave: Organic food; Labeling; Production subsidy; Information policy; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; D61; D62; L15; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24653

Prestemon, Jeffrey P.; Zhu, Shushuai; Turner, James A.; Buongiorno, Joseph; Li, Ruhong.

Asian gypsy and nun moth introductions into the United States, possibly arriving on imported Siberian coniferous logs, threaten domestic forests and product markets and could have global market consequences. We simulate, using the Global Forest Products Model (a spatial equilibrium model of the world forest sector), the consequences under current policies of a wide-spread, successful pest invasion, and of plausible trading partner responses to the successful invasion. We find that trade liberalization would have a negligible effect on U.S. imports of Siberian logs and, consequently, on the risk of a pest invasion. But, if it happened, possibly through trade in other commodities, a successful and widespread pest invasion would have large effects on...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Asian gypsy moth; Trade; Invasive species; Welfare; Spatial equilibrium model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10188

The Changing Nature of Protectionism: Are "Free Traders" Up to the Challenges It Presents?

Structural Change, Environment and Well-being: Interactions Between Production and Consumption Choices of the Rich and the Poor in Developing Countries

Kerr, William A..

In the economic model that underlies the WTO the only group that can be expected to ask for protection is producers in importing countries. The existing multilateral trade architecture reflects that assumption. Much of the recent criticism of the multilateral trade regime has arisen as a result of new groups explicitly asking domestic politicians for protection. As these groups were not expected to ask for protection, the international trade regime does not allow domestic politicians to extend protection on the basis of the new demands. Further, countries are expected to perceive benefits from trade liberalisation. These benefits must be balanced against the expected political benefits of protectionism (and their associated welfare costs) when trade...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Consumers; Environmentalists; Failed economies; Producers; Protectionism; Welfare; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23903

Antoci, Angelo; Russu, Paolo; Ticci, Elisa.

Replaced with revised version of paper 01/16/09.

Stepping stones for biological invasion: A bioeconomic model of transferable risk

Palavras-chave: Production; Consumption Choices; Welfare; D62; O11; O13; O15; O41; Q20.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37671

Warziniack, Travis; Finnoff, David C.; Bossenbroek, Jonathan; Shogren, Jason F.; Lodge, David.

Herein we model the widespread dispersal and management of an invasive species as a weak-link public good. The risk of introduction is driven in part by economic activity, is influenced by policies directed at the risk, and economic activity responds/adapts to the risk. Framed around recent introductions and rapid spread of dreissenid mussels in the Western United States, we find three key results. First, partial equilibrium estimates of welfare loss are significantly overestimated relative to general equilibrium estimates. If ecosystem services and market goods are substitutes the partial equilibrium bias is greater than if they are compliments. Second, well-intended policies do not necessarily reduce overall risk; risk reduction actions can transfer risk...

Avian Influenza outbreaks and poultry production mitigation strategies in the U.S.

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; Invasive species; Risk; Weak-link; Welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q2; Q26; Q57.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60957

Mu, Jianhong H.; McCarl, Bruce A..

In this paper, two AI mitigation strategies are examined, quarantine and vaccination. Meanwhile, associated welfare changes are evaluated by using FASOM. Results found that changes of total national welfare of U.S are insignificant with or without vaccination. Once comes to livestock producers, impacts become significant although magnitudes are small. For example, under 20% demand shocks, vaccination strategy dominates no vaccination at the production, market and national level. However, vaccination has no advantage when there is no demand shifts.