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U.S. Demand for Food and Nutrition in the 20th Century AgEcon
Beatty, Timothy K.M.; LaFrance, Jeffrey T..
A great deal of research on farm and food policy and consumer choice focuses on the link between food consumption and nutrition. This paper presents and applies a new method to analyze the demand for food and nutrients, and consumer welfare. The foundation for this method is the recent extension of the Gorman class of exactly aggregable demand models to incomplete demand systems. The purposes of this approach are to derive and implement coherent, flexible empirical models of food and nutrient demand, to estimate the model parameters consistently with aggregate data, and to make inferences on the impacts of farm and food policy changes on food and nutrient demand and consumer welfare of those policies. We apply this framework to annual per capita U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Agricultural policy; Food demand; Gorman Systems of Demands; Nutrition; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25105
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O CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO AGRÍCOLA DOS ESTADOS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL – 1995/2005 AgEcon
Junqueira, Clarissa Pereira; Sterchile, Shirla Patricia Weber; Lima, Jandir Ferrera de.
This article analyzes the economic growth of agricultural activities and the profile of the agricultural area of the states in the southeastern region of Brazil, between 1995 and 2005. Pointers referring to the farming sector of the region’s states were used. The study shows that the process of economic growth in the region was dynamic in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais and was centered on exportation products, mainly sugar cane, soy and maize. In the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, however, there was a decrease of the farming GIP. The region’s exportation guideline presented significant alterations from the decade of 1990, a period in which the exportation of basic products lost importance and was replaced by the manufacturing, a...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agrarian economy; Rural development; Agricultural policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90691
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AN ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' POLICY ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCES FOR FREE TRADE AgEcon
Kastens, Terry L.; Goodwin, Barry K..
This study evaluates the attitudes of U.S. (Kansas) farmers regarding "free-trade" and "free-market" policy environments. In contrast to earlier studies, non-specific policy attitudes are evaluated. A direct measure of farm program benefits is also included. Attitudes vary significantly with farm and operator characteristics. Support for free trade was shown to decrease with education and experience, to increase for farms with relatively more rented land, and to increase as total farm wealth increased. Support for free-trade was also higher for crop farms. Farms receiving more government payments are less likely to favor a free-trade policy environment.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Producer attitudes; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15186
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Attitudes of College Students towards Agriculture, Food and the Role of Government AgEcon
Carreira, Rita I.; Mane, R.; Danforth, Diana M.; Wailes, Eric J..
In 2002 and 2007 we surveyed Agribusiness students’ attitudes about agriculture, farming, food and agricultural policies. Responses were analyzed by year and student characteristics including farm background, citizenship and gender. Citizenship was a significant variable explaining differences in agreement with statements. Year and interactions with year were not significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farming; Logistic regression; Student attitudes; Agricultural and Food Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A13; A22; C42; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6806
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Impacto de la política de precios y de crédito agrícola sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Perú: 1985-1990 AgEcon
Escobal D'Angelo, Javier.
Este documento describe y analiza la estrategia agrícola del gobierno aprista, desde el punto de vista de sus efectos redistributivos. La estrategia, que pretendió beneficiar principalmente a los estratos más pobres de la agricultura, tuvo como eje al PRESA, programa dirigido a asegurar una demanda creciente a precios rentables para los productores agrícolas y fue acompañado por un programa de crédito agrícola que apuntaba a aumentar los recursos financieros canalizados a la actividad agrícola.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distribucion del ingreso; Politica agraria; Precios agricolas; Politica de precios; Credito agricola; Peru; Income distribution; Agricultural policy; Agricultural prices; Price policy; Agricultural credit; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Q18; Q14.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42249
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A QUALITATIVE CHOICE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING POST-CRP LAND USE DECISIONS AgEcon
Johnson, Phillip N.; Misra, Sukant K.; Ervin, R. Terry.
The future use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands is an important agricultural policy issue. To examine the effects of factors that influence landowners' post-contract use of CRP lands, a survey of Texas High Plains CRP contract holders was conducted in 1992. This study analyzes the results of the survey using a qualitative choice model. It was found that the presence of a livestock enterprise in the current contract holder's operation increases the probability of these acres remaining in the established cover. Contract holders who value the commodity base have an increased probability of returning their acres to crop production.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Conservation Reserve Program; Ordered probit model; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15532
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Farm Size and Land Use Changes in Vietnam Following Land Reforms AgEcon
Marsh, Sally P.; MacAulay, T. Gordon.
Over the last decade the Vietnamese government has instigated land reforms that recognise the household as the basic unit of production and allocate land use rights to households. Under the 1993 Land Law these rights can be transferred, exchanged, leased, inherited, and mortgaged. This Land Law provided the foundation for the development of a market for land use rights. During 2001, 400 farm households were surveyed in four provinces in Vietnam. Along with production and consumption data, evidence was sought of land accumulation and consolidation, land use changes, and attitudes to land reform issues. Analysis of the data shows that there is an active market for land use rights, but the level of activity varies considerably between provinces. Some...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Land reform; Land market; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57919
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Analysis of Intended Farmers’ Response to CAP Scenarios: Environmental considerations AgEcon
Giannoccaro, Giacomo; Berbel, Julio.
This research is a result of the CAP-IRE project which objective is the understanding farmer’s reactions under CAP scenarios by 2020. In particular this research aims to analyze the role of the current CAP design on the farmer’s decision process focusing on several environmental issues. The analysis is based on 2,360 observations of household farmers across 11 cases study in 9 EU countries. Intended responses of farmers to the CAP reforms are analyzed by logistic model regression. According to the results CAP scenarios would influence farmer’s decision on fertilizers and pesticides, as well as water use, while the highest effect is found for decisions on number of animal rearing on the farm. Factors determining reaction to the CAP scenario are monetary and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental sustainability; Farmer’s intended behaviour; Logistic regression; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99419
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A magyar mezõgazdaság sikeressége a hatvanas hetvenes években AgEcon
Dimeny, Imre; Lakner, Zoltan.
Out of the attempts made at modernising the Hungarian society and economy in the era of socialism it was only the agricultural transition and development that has brought a long, internationally recognised success. The Hungarian agricultural model has become a point of reference for numerous developing countries, and was widely recognised even in the developed world. The aim of this article is to analyse the driving forces and socio-economic environment in the formation of the Hungarian agricultural model as well as its results, object lessons and experiences. The authors emphasise the specific aspects of the Hungarian agricultural development, contrasting it with that of Western- and Eastern-Europe. It was underlined, that the most important drivers of...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic history; System analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53969
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A SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AgEcon
Kennedy, P. Lynn; Atici, Cemal.
Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector. A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade. The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; European Union; Trade liberalization; United States; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15559
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Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland AgEcon
Jolejole, Christina B.; Swinton, Scott M.; Lupi, Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices. For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356
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SETTING THE STAGE: AMERICAN AGRICULTURE TODAY AND WHAT WE CAN EXPECT OVER THE NEXT 5 TO 10 YEARS AgEcon
Womack, Abner W..
According to estimates made by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute in March of 1999, there are several macro factors that will significantly impact U.S. and global agriculture over the next decade. Factors leading to near-term price pressure are contrasted with likely implications for the longer term. In general, the longer run estimated consequences for global agriculture are more positive, but with the strong likelihood of low price pressure lingering over the next two to three years.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm financial pressure; Global agriculture; Global economics; Technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14698
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New Zealand Agriculture Policy Review AgEcon
Gilmour, Brad; Gurung, Rajendra Kumar.
In 1984, New Zealand introduced important policy reforms in order to address major macroeconomic and fiscal imbalances. New Zealand's support to agricultural producers rapidly decreased from 30 percent of the value of production to about 2 percent, and has remained the lowest among OECD economies since that time. After a difficult transition, the removal of subsidies resulted in a more diversified and competitive rural economy in New Zealand; total factor productivity growth has been roughly 2.5 percent annually since 1984, compared to roughly 1.5 percent in the prereform period. This Policy Review focuses on agricultural policy today and how New Zealand is supporting the agricultural sector now without resorting to subsidies. It describes the policy New...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Agricultural policy; Benchmark; Proactive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46688
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AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION: DOES THE CAP REFORM / INTRODUCTION MATTER? AgEcon
Baum, Sabine; Cook, Peter; Stange, Henriette; Weingarten, Peter.
In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by 2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and 3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and agricultural support policies. Currently, farmers in the enlarged EU...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor market; Agricultural policy; European Union; Transition countries; Case studies.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14962
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Teaching Agricultural Policy Using Games: The Agripol Game AgEcon
Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Koning, Niek.
We developed the AGRIPOL game as a tool for teaching agricultural policy to economic and non-economic students. AGRIPOL consists of a world with 7 different countries, each one represented by a small group of students. The students have to maximize their country's social welfare by choosing an optimal set of policy instruments. By doing this students learn in an interesting and hands-on way to understand the workings of agricultural policy instruments, the interrelatedness between countries (policy impact spill-overs) and the role of political weights in the policy formation process. A WTO negotiation round is included to let students experience the difficulties and benefits of cooperation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Economics education; Political economy; Agricultural policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A2; P16; Q18.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24773
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The Economic Well-Being of Farmers As An On-going National Public Policy Issue AgEcon
Freshwater, David.
Aggregate farm income is the standard measure of farm household economic well-being. In Canada farm groups have used a multi-year decline in one measure of farm income - realized net income, to press for increased financial transfers. In the first part of the paper income data is reviewed to assess the magnitude of the decline and whether Canadian farmers are worse of than their U.S. counterparts. In the second part of the paper conceptual issues with farm income as the primary measure of economic well-being are presented and the conclusion is drawn that any measure of farm income is a flawed indicator of actual well-being even though it may be statistically sound, because the underlying assumptions that make farm income maximization the main objective of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Policy design; Farm income; Economic well-being; Farm household objectives; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42313
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Global trends in risk management support of agriculture AgEcon
Spicka, Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to make an international comparison of risk management policies in OECD countries as well as in selected emerging economies. The results are based on the data from OECD Producer Support Estimates Database and General Services Support Estimates Database, a study of agricultural insurance schemes carried out by the European Commission and an overview of risk-related policy measures formulated by the OECD. The results indicate that all OECD countries have the price stabilizing support for at least some commodities. Although the share of market price support in the producer support estimates has been decreasing for a long time, it still remains an important component in most countries around the world. The analysis also revealed the...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Risk management; Market price support; Income stabilization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99224
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A FARM-LEVEL LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE AgEcon
Smith, Edward G.; Knutson, Ronald D.; Richardson, James W.; Anderson, David P..
Relatively low crop prices over the past two years, as well as regional weather adversity, has been the catalyst for the passage of "ad hoc" emergency relief. This paper examines the economic and financial status of 41 representative panel farms over the 1999-2002 period. When forecasting through the life of the 1996 Farm Bill, the representative crop farms are assessed by Texas A&M's Agricultural and Food Policy Center to be in the weakest condition observed over the last decade for liquidity and the related need to refinance.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm profitability; Liquidity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14702
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Multilateral Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sugar Markets (Revised) AgEcon
Elobeid, Amani E.; Beghin, John C..
We analyze the impact of trade liberalization, removal of production subsidies, and elimination of consumption distortions in world sugar markets using a partial-equilibrium international sugar model calibrated on 2002 market data and current policies. The removal of trade distortions alone induces a 27% price increase while the removal of all trade and production distortions induces a 48% increase by 2011/12 relative to the baseline. Aggregate trade expands moderately, but location of production and trade patterns change substantially. Protectionist OECD countries (the EU, Japan, the US) experience an import expansion or export reduction and significant contraction in production in unfettered markets. Competitive producers in both OECD countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Doha; Domestic subsidies; Sugar; Trade liberalization; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18604
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FARM-LEVEL DATA MODEL FOR AGRICULTURAL POLICY ANALYSIS: A TWO-WAY ECM APPROACH AgEcon
Sckokai, Paolo; Moro, Daniele; Platoni, Silvia.
Econometric models wishing to estimate relevant parameters for agricultural policy analysis are increasingly relying on unbalanced panels of farm-level data. Since in the agricultural economics literature such models have often been estimated through simplified approaches, in this paper we try to verify whether the adoption of more sophisticated panel data techniques may impact the estimation results. For this reason, the policy model by Moro and Sckokai (1999) has been re-estimated using techniques recently developed in the econometric literature. The preliminary results show a strong impact on the estimations. This seems to suggest that the adoption of proper panel-data techniques is likely to be very important in order to obtain reliable estimates of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Panel data; Systems of equations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6693
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