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| Registros recuperados: 179 | |
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| Laxminarayan, Ramanan. |
| In the past, malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have relied on a combination of vector control and effective treatment using chloroquine. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, attention has now turned to alternative treatment strategies to replace this failing drug. Although there are strong theoretical arguments in favor of switching to more expensive artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs), the validity of these arguments in the face of financial constraints has not been previously analyzed. In this paper, we use a Bioeconomic model of malaria transmission and evolution of drug resistance to examine questions of optimal treatment strategy and coverage when drug resistance places an additional constraint on choices available to the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Malaria; Mathematical models; Drug resistance; Bioeconomics; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I19; C61. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10699 |
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| Spreen, Thomas H.; Brewster, Charlene; Brown, Mark G.. |
| The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world’s two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States. Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination. A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production. The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S. production, grower and processor prices, and imports. The results suggest a sizeable price impact on U.S. producers if the tariff is eliminated. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Orange juice; Spatial equilibrium; Tariffs; Trade; C61; F13. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37837 |
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| Bellver, Jeronimo Aznar; Martinez, Francisco Guijarro. |
| Resumen En este trabajo se presentan diversos modelos de valoración en ambiente de incertidumbre que combinan información precisa e imprecisa. En el desarrollo de los mismos se ha extendido la técnica de programación por metas básica a modelos que permiten considerar intervalos en la expresión del precio o las variables explicativas del mismo, enunciando una serie de proposiciones con las que se obtiene un completo conocimiento sobre el grado de adecuación entre los valores observados en el precio y los valores estimados por la función de valoración. Así mismo, se ha formulado un índice de adecuación que permite comparar diferentes modelos obtenidos mediante la metodología propuesta. Palabras clave: Valoración, Incertidumbre, Programación por metas con... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Valuation; Uncertainty; Interval goal programming; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; G12; Q14. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28731 |
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| Roeder, Norbert; Gocht, Alexander. |
| Since several decades the RAUMIS modelling system is applied for policy impact assessments to measure the impact of agriculture on the environment. A disaggregation at the municipality level with more than 9.000 administrative units, instead of currently used 316 counties, would tremendously improve the environmental impact analysis. Two sets of data are used for this purpose. The first are geo-referenced data, that are, however, incomplete with respect its coverage of production activities in agriculture. The second set is the micro census statistic itself, that has a full coverage, but data protection rules (DPR) prohibit its straightforward use. The paper show how this bottleneck can be passed to obtain a reliable modelling data set at municipality... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Highest Posterior Density estimator (HPD); RAUMIS; Down scaling; Agricultural and Food Policy; C11; C61; C81; Q15. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99248 |
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| Grafton, R. Quentin; Kompas, Tom. |
| The northern cod fishery was once one of the world’s largest capture fisheries. Using data from the fishery, this research calculated the economic value of a marine reserve using a stochastic optimal control model with a jump-diffusion process. The analysis shows that, an optimal-sized marine reserve in this fishery would have prevented the fishery’s collapse and generated a triple payoff. Even if harvesting had been ‘optimal’ the profits from fishing would have been raised. The recovery time would also have decreased for the biomass to return to its former state and smoothed fishers’ harvests and profits. Following a negative shock, the chance of a catastrophic collapse would have been lowered. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Marine reserves; Stochastic control; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q22. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94822 |
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| Albisser, Gregor. |
| As a consequence of the reorientation of the Swiss as well as the European agricultural policy, prices for agricultural products drop and farmers have to reduce their production costs or will lose income. Therefore a lot of farmers have a high incentive to change their production structures. One of the most effective strategies to reduce production costs is going into cooperation and collaboration with other farmers. Therewith farmers can profit from scale effects without changing the property rights. Several case studies as well as results from modeling reveal that farmers have more income with less workload. In reality only 3% of Swiss farmers have gone into a collective farming system. Weaker forms of cooperation like sharing machinery are more common... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agent-based simulation; Structural change; Cooperation strategies; Collaboration; Agribusiness; Farm Management; C61; Q12; Q15. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6576 |
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| Musshoff, Oliver; Hirschauer, Norbert. |
| Agricultural production relies to a great extent on biological processes in natural environments. In addition to volatile prices, it is thus heavily exposed to risks caused by the variability of natural conditions such as rainfall, temperature and pests. With a view to the apparently lacking support of risky farm production program decisions through formal planning models, the objective of this paper is to examine whether, and eventually by how much, farmers’ “intuitive” program decisions can be improved through formal statistical analyses and stochastic optimization models. In this performance comparison, we use the results of the formal planning approach that are generated in a quasi ex-ante analysis as a normative benchmark for the empirically observed... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Stochastic optimization; Stochastic processes; Production risk; Program planning; Time series analysis; C1; C61; M11; Q12. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36865 |
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| Nkuiya, Bruno. |
| We characterize the equilibrium level of emissions, the equilibrium stock of global pollution and the discounted net social welfare for both the cooperative and non-cooperative equilibria when the countries face the threat of a sudden irreversible jump in the global damages at an unknown date. The goal is to analyze the impact of this type of uncertainty on the equilibrium behavior of the countries. We find that it can have a significant effect on those equilibria. Countries reduce their emissions to mitigate their exposure to this threat. As the level of threat rises, countries adjust their emissions to lower the stock of pollutant. However, although initially this threat has the effect of lowering the discounted net welfare, it can in the long run have a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Global pollution; Environmental uncertainty; Regime shift; Stochastic differential games; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C7; D81; Q54. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117826 |
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| Hartell, Jason G.. |
| “Multifunctionality” emphasizes the benefit externality properties of nonfood products that coincide with agricultural commodity production, some of which also have public-good properties. However, determining the willingness to pay for local benefit externalities is seen as necessary but daunting. This paper pursues the idea that the valuation process might first start by estimating the incentives required to supply various levels of a benefit externality. With the use of carbon sequestration through the adoption of no-till cultivation as an example of a multifunctional benefit externality, mathematical programming is used to derive representative price schedules. The implication for incentive prices are examined in light of risk aversion. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Externalities; Multifunctionality; Quadratic programming; C61; D62; Q12; Q21. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43416 |
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| Registros recuperados: 179 | |
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