SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Fischer, Christian; Schornberg, Sebastian.

The status of competitiveness for the two most important food and beverage manufacturing sector s (meat processing and beverage manufacturing) in 13 EU countries is analysed empirically, using 1995 - 2002 Eurostat data. After a review of earlier agribusiness competitiveness studies an industial competitiveness index is proposed as a composite measure for multidimensional economic performance, covering profitability, productivity and output growth. The index approach enables relative competitiveness comparisons across industries, countries and over time. The results show that during 1999 - 2002 as compared to 1995 - 1998 for both sectors overall competitiveness in real terms slightly increased. At the same time, overall competitiveness seems to also have...

Liberalizing and Re-Regulating Telecommunications in Europe: A Common Framework and Persistent Differences

Palavras-chave: European Union; Competitiveness; Meat processing; Beverage manufacturing; Index; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F23; L66; Q13..

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10028

Holmes, Peter; Young, Alasdair R..

This paper analyses the role of the European Union in promoting liberalisation among its member states and in crafting the multilateral regime for telecommunications services. It begins by analysing the origins of the EU regime, describing its contours and assessing its implementation. It then examines the interaction between the EU and the multilateral regime, examining the Uruguay Round and post-Uruguay Round negotiations on telecommunications services and outlining the issues under consideration in the GATS 2000 negotiations. It then proceeds to assess how the regulatory developments at the national, European and multilateral levels coexist and interact. Dieses Papier analysiert die Rolle der Europäischen Union bei der Liberalisierung der...

Cohesion Policy for rural areas after 2013: A rationale derived from the EDORA project (European Development Opportunities in Rural Areas) - ESPON 2013 Project 2013/1/2

Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; European Union; Trade Negotiations; Telecommunications; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; L96.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26244

Copus, Andrew K.; Shucksmith, Mark; Dax, Thomas; Meredith, David.

The starting point of the EDORA project was the recognition that, rather than becoming more uniform in character, rural Europe is, in many ways, becoming increasingly diverse, implying new challenges and opportunities. The project’s overarching aim was to examine the process of differentiation, in order to better understand how EU policy can enable rural areas to build upon their specific potentials to achieve ‘smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’. The first phase of the project consisted of a literature review in order to establish a conceptual framework for subsequent empirical analysis. This identified a very wide range of aspects of contemporary rural change. In order to manage this complexity, and so that it could be communicated simply and...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Rural areas; European Union; Cohesion policy; Neo-endogenous place-based approaches; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119647

Export market integration in the European Union

Gil Pareja, Salvador; Sosvilla Rivero, Simon.

This paper examines the degree and recent evolution (1988-2001) of export-price dispersion among European Union countries. It also explores the effect of exchange rates on export-price dispersion by reviewing the experience of some European countries that participated in the exchange rate stability zone. The results indicate that export-price dispersion across European Union countries was usually lower than across OECD countries. Moreover, although there is little evidence of convergence, this is stronger across European Union countries. Finally, even though price dispersion was often lower across European Union countries where exchange rates have been relatively stable than across countries with relatively volatile exchange rates, exchange-rate stability...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Export market integration; European Union; Exchange rates; F15; F30.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43509

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE PROCESSED FOOD SECTOR

Frahan, Bruno Henry de; Tharakan, Joe.

For the first time in the food trade literature, the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) in horizontally differentiated products and vertically differentiated products are separately tested using the most recent theoretical models of IIT. For both 1980 and 1990, the econometric results confirm country- and industry- specific determinants proposed by these models for explaining horizontal and vertical IIT in the European processed food sector.

Preferential Trade Agreements: The Case of EU-Mexico

Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Horizontal differentiation; Vertical differentiation; Processed food sector; European Union; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20903

Busse, Matthias; Huth, Matthias; Koopmann, Georg.

The paper evaluates the political and economic incentives to conclude the EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It discusses EU and Mexican trade policy as well as the multilateral context for FTAs. In addition, using a disaggregated approach at the three-digit Standard International Trade Classification, it identifies the commodities that will be particularly affected by the FTA. The results show that considerable trade effects can be expected in a narrow range of products and that the EU is likely to gain much more than Mexico. In diesem Papier werden die politischen und ökonomischen Anreize zur Vereinbarung des Freihandelsabkommens zwischen der EU und Mexiko bewertet. Dafür werden die europäische und mexikanische Handelspolitik analysiert und der...

The border effect in agricultural markets between European Union, OECD and LDC countries

Palavras-chave: Free Trade Agreement; European Union; Mexico; International Relations/Trade; F15; F17.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26269

Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina.

Forest Carbon Sinks: European Union, Japanese, and Canadian Approaches

Palavras-chave: Border effect; Gravity equation; Agricultural trade; European Union; LDCs; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37817

Amano, Masahiro; Sedjo, Roger A..

This report compares the approaches of the governments of Japan, Canada, and the European Union member countries toward using carbon sinks to meet their respective Kyoto Protocol carbon reduction targets. Various policies have been proposed by which governments can sequester carbon by promoting afforestation and reforestation, slowing deforestation, and undertaking forest management activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4. At this time, carbon emissions reduction programs are still under development, both within individual countries and within the context of the protocol. Although some of the details have been worked out, concrete definitions are often still lacking, especially as regards impermanence of forests, additionality, leakage, and socioeconomic and...

Measuring the impacts of distortions in the European Union cotton sector: a partial equilibrium analysis using the ATPSM model framework

Palavras-chave: Climate; Sinks; Kyoto Protocol; Forestry; Canada; Japan; European Union; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; Q23; Q28; Q48.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10913

Gadanakis, Yiorgos; Baourakis, George; Clapan, Carmen.

The “cotton issue” has been a topic of several academic discussions for trade policy analysts. However the design of trade and agricultural policy in the EU and the USA has become a politically sensitive matter throughout the last five years. This study utilizing the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM) aims to gain insights into the global cotton market, to explain why domestic support for cotton has become an issue, to quantify the impact of the new EU agricultural policy on the cotton sector, and to measure the effect of eliminating support policies on production and trade. Results indicate that full trade liberalization would lead the four West African countries to better terms of trade with the EU. If tariff reduction follows the...

Welfare Measurement and Quality Product Differentiation in Agriculture: An Example From the EU15 Beef Sector

Palavras-chave: Cotton; European Union; West African Countries; Partial Equilibrium; Trade Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7285

Ramos, Maria Priscila; Drogue, Sophie; Marette, Stephan.

This paper examines the impact of two different model specifications on welfare estimations. A model specification that takes into account product differentiation is compared to a specification where the product differentiation is overlooked. The welfare comparison under both specifications show some biases of aggregation as well as ambiguous results: the welfare under one specification may be larger or lower than the welfare under the alternative assumption. In order to illustrate our theoretical conclusions, we present an application to the EU15 beef market. We show that the welfare when the product differentiation is taken into account is smaller than the welfare when the product differentiation is omitted.

Challenges for Less Developed Countries: Agricultural Policies in the EU and the US

Palavras-chave: Product differentiation; Beef demand; European Union; Welfare; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24720

Schure, Paul; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Wang, Yichuan.

Agricultural policies adopted by developed countries are considered distortional and detrimental to less developed countries (LDCs). This paper discusses the adverse impacts on less developed countries of the agricultural support regimes of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Despite the fact that the budget for agriculture in these constituencies has the same order of magnitude, we find that the EU relies much more heavily on agricultural support than does the US. Specifically, the EU provides agricultural producers with an amount of support that is about two-and-a-half times that of the US, and for most commodities a larger share of farmers’ income stems from support measures as well. While the composition of producer support differs...

CONVERGENCE IN U.S. AND E.U. FOOD SYSTEMS? THE CASE OF FOOD CONSUMPTION

Palavras-chave: Agricultural support; European Union; US; Developing countries; Least-developed countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37047

Traill, W. Bruce.

European Union Agricultural Policy Institutions and Decision Making Processes

Palavras-chave: Food consumption; European Union; Market convergence; North America; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25949

Vaughan, Odette; Tanguay, Luc; Gilmour, Brad.

This note examines European Union (EU) institutions and policy making processes in relation to its agriculture and food sector. With a market comprised of 495 million people across 27 countries and a comprehensive agricultural policy accounting for the largest share of the EU budget, how the EU policy environment functions is important to Canada. Decisions are made at the supranational EU level for agriculture, fisheries, trade, and regional development, while decision-making related to other policies occurs at the individual country level or through a system of inter-governmental cooperation. Decision-making occurs in three institutions: the Commission, the Council and the Parliament. Agriculture negotiations typically begin with a text drafted by the...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: European Union; Agriculture; Policy; Institution; Legislation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55322

The Reform of the EU Sugar Trade Preferences toward Developing Countries in Light of the Economic Partnership Agreements

Shipping the good beef out: EU trade liberalization to Mercosur exports

Gotor, Elisabetta.

This article provides a general overview of the evolution of the European Union trade preferences with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, giving due attention to the reform of the Sugar Protocol (SP) in light of the anticipated Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). The EU sugar trade relationship with the ACP, as captured in both a reformed SP for ACP non–least developed countries and in the Everything-but-Arms initiative for the world’s least developed countries, is analysed and contextualized within the ongoing negotiations toward achieving EPAs, which will substitute the Lomé Convention and give a new order to EU-ACP relationships.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: African Caribbean Pacific countries; Development; Economic Partnership Agreements; European Union; Sugar reform.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52695

Ramos, Maria Priscila; Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Salvatici, Luca.

The European Union tariff schedule includes a large number of specific and composite tariffs as well as many tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which affect the composition of imports. By altering price ratios between products with different unit values, both can generate the typical Alchian-Allen ’shipping the good apples out’ effect in foreign countries’ exports to the EU. Different patterns of trade liberalization, either through tariff reduction or an expansion in preferential-access quotas, might have different consequences for producers and consumers because of changes in the composition of trade. We illustrate the issues at stake in the beef sector, focusing on Mercosur exports to the EU. We model import demand for different qualities in the presence of a...

Enlargement of the European Union: A movement towards the optimal trade bloc size?

Palavras-chave: Mercosur; European Union; Quality; Trade; Tariff; Tariff-rate quota; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F13; F15; F17; Q17.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7215

Impacts of the European Union Tariff On the Florida Price for Grapefruit Juice

Glebe, Thilo W..

This paper analyses how the enlargement of a trade bloc will affect national welfare. We establish a partial equilibrium model of a trade bloc either operating as a monopoly with a competitive fringe or facing a duopolistic game in production taxes/subsidies. Given this framework, we demonstrate how member countries’ welfare effects depend on their trade flow and the market power of the trade bloc. A numerical estimation of the effects of EU enlargement on the major grain crop markets suggests that welfare effects are negligible. Economic reasons are therefore unlikely to be a motivating force for further enlargement.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalisation; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D42; F11; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58061

European Food Quality Policy: The Importance of Geographical Indications, Organic Certification and Food Quality Assurance Schemes in European Countries

Brown, Mark G..

GJ exports account for a major part of Florida as well as U.S. GJ sales, accounting for 41.5% and 36.9% of total Florida GJ sales in 2008-09 and 2009-10. The largest export market in many of the recent years has been the EU. The EU imposes a 12% ad valorem tariff on GJ imports, resulting in a higher price for GJ there and a lower volume demanded than would be expected otherwise. Based on the analysis of this study, it is estimated that removal of the EU tariff would result in increased sales of GJ in the EU, benefitting consumers in Europe, and a higher price for Florida growers. The Florida grower price and annual revenue were estimated to increase by $.06 per SSE gallon and $3.6 million, respectively, if the EU tariff were removed.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: European Union; Tariff; Grapefruit juice price; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104336

Diseno de un indice sintetico de desarrollo sostenible y aplicacion a la Union Europea

Becker, Tilman C..

In the early 1990s reform of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy led to a change in emphasis away from price into policies to promote rural development, in part through improvements to food quality. Geographic indicators are only one of a range of EU policies designed to foster these goals. Geographic indicators are put within the context of the wider quality enhancement policies that include quality assurance schemes and organic production. There appears to be considerable regional differences within the EU when it comes to the use of the various quality-enhancing policies available. The member states of the EU can be grouped into four different clusters, each characterized by a different quality policy strategy.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: European Union; Food quality; Geographic indicators; Regional differences; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48796

Laxe, Fernando I. Gonzalez; Palmero, Federico G. Martin.

En el presente artículo se establecen las bases metodológicas y se diseña un índice sintético global de desarrollo sostenible que cumple tres condiciones: se adapta a los principios de Presión Estado Respuesta, adopta los mandatos de la Agenda 21 Local y se adecua a los cuatro componentes o dimensiones básicas de la sostenibilidad: institucional, medioambiental, económica y social. A partir de dicha metodología se construye el índice sintético sobre el cómputo de 78 variables, 37 subindicadores y 13 indicadores, agrupados éstos en las cuatro dimensiones citadas para, a continuación, proceder a su aplicación a los países de la UE. Palabras clave: Recursos Naturales, Medio Ambiente, Desarrollo Sostenible, Unión Europea. SUMMARY This article...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Natural Resources; Environment; Sustainable Development; European Union; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q5; R1.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28728

CAP UNDER FIRE: THE BUDGETARY REVIEW AND THE CAP

Elekes, Andrea; Halmai, Peter.

During the process of the budgetary review the CAP faces its greatest challenge of its history: not only the (common) financing of the CAP, but the future of the CAP itself is at stake. It is obvious that the reform steps implemented so far – even though they have several forward-looking elements – do not result in a CAP sustainable on the long run. Further changes are inevitable. Basing our analysis on the theories of fiscal federalism and other political economy approaches, we try to answer the following questions. Is common financing of a reformed CAP justified? Can national co-financing be extended? Is it justified to keep the system of commonly financed direct payments?