SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Oliveira, Samuel Jose de Magalhaes; Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza.

International trade has acquired increasing importance for the Brazilian economy, especially for agribusiness. In this way, understanding other countries policies that affects international trade and its impacts in this country is equally important. The European Union (EU) is one of the most important Brazilian trade partners and it is known by strong interference on its agricultural sector. The recent European enlargement and the last Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reform have been studied at different regions of the World but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of this on Brazilian rural sectors. This paper aims to assess the impacts of the 2004 EU enlargement on Brazilian agribusiness using the general equilibrium model Global Trade...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International economics; International trade; General equilibrium; Economic integration.; Political Economy; F11; F15; Q17..

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61192

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE FTAA

Colyer, Dale.

Paper presented at the 24th West Indies Agricultural Economics Conference, Granada, July 19-12, 2002. Environmental issues have become important in trade agreement negotiations. NAFTA explicitly includes environmental provisions and they are affecting ongoing WTO and FTAA negotiations. The final role of the environment in the FTAA is uncertain, given opposition by most of the members. The draft FTAA agreement does not contain a separate section on the environment, but a U.S. position paper indicates that environmental provisions are important and that U.S. negotiators will seek to incorporate environmental concerns into specific chapters such those on investment and agriculture. The large number and varied economic and environmental conditions of the...

Uso de defensivos agrícolas, limites máximos de resíduos e impacto no comércio internacional: estudo de caso

Palavras-chave: International trade; Trade agreements; Agricultural trade; Environment; Trade and environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F15; F18.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19107

Fermam, Ricardo Kropf Santos; Antunes, Adelaide Maria de Souza.

Pesticides play an important role in agriculture, prevent loses by pests which destroy cultures and causes several damages to producers and to exporting countries of agriculture products. However, pesticides leave residues where they are used. A parameter used for residue quantification is known Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). This parameter is the most important, not only in terms of public health, but mainly international trade, causing many impacts that can represent, in some cases, barriers to trade between countries, especially when established values for a country differ from those established by international organizations. The present Article show how this parameter impacts agriculture products´ trade of developing countries, based on case study.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Pesticides; Residue; MRL; International trade; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56853

SUPPLY-SIDE RISKS AND MALTING BARLEY PROCUREMENT AND STORAGE

Johnson, D. Demcey; DeVuyst, Eric A.; Nganje, William E..

U.S. production of six-rowed malting barley has declined sharply over the last several years. Further, the quality of U.S. malting barley has suffered repeatedly due to disease. This has left the U.S. malting industry dependent on a single-desk seller of malting barley, the Canadian Wheat Board. In this paper, we develop a discrete stochastic programming model to analyze the procurement and storage decisions of the U.S. malting industry. We employ the model to investigate the impact that various sources of risk have on the industry's reliance on imported barley. The results indicate strategies that mitigate dependence on imports.

Factors Constraining Efficiency of Russian Corporate Farms: The Case of the Moscow Region

Palavras-chave: Barley; Discrete stochastic programming; Risk; International trade; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36367

Hockmann, Heinrich; Svetlov, Nikolai M..

A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. Price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The estimates provide that the EU absorbs price fluctuations form the word market. Interestingly, changes...

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH IN CHANGING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM: THE ROLE OF ITALY; Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN

Palavras-chave: Dairy market; International trade; Market integration; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis; F15; Q13; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25439

Bagnara, Gian Luca; Bagnara, Domenico.

This paper is concerned with the evolution of the agricultural system and its consequences for the international research. In particular, the gradual liberalization of international markets, the changing in consumers preferences in western countries, the increasing in concentration in food distribution and industry, and the economic and demographic problems of developing countries are affecting the demand and supply of agricultural and food products. Consequently, also the agricultural research has to follow or, even better, to anticipate the changings in order to answer to the different and new demand of technology and information.

Gravity Approach for Exploring Baltic Sea Regional Integration in the Field of International Trade

Palavras-chave: International trade; Demand of technology; Developing countries; Developed countries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14455

Paas, Tiiu.

The paper is inviting a reader to think to what extent we can use the knowledge resulting from laws of nature for exploring economic processes. In order to look for the answers on this question, the paper is going to explore international trade flows between the Baltic Sea region countries using a gravity approach. Attention is paid to analyzing forces that attract foreign trade flows and to exploring the influence of distance as an indicator that expresses both transportation costs and cultural proximity of the countries. The results of modeling support the statement that the size of economy has statistically significant and positive influence on the bilateral trade relations of the region. The influence of economic development level that is expressed by...

A Study of the Spanish‐Chinese Export‐Import Pork Chain

Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity models; Baltic Sea region; International Relations/Trade; F10; C10.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26379

Ji, Chen; Pena, Sara; Briz, Julian; de Felipe, Isabel.

China opened its pork import market to Spain in 2007. With this background, we introduce the concept of the Spanish‐Chinese Export‐Import pork chain. An explorative study based on the interview of 22 Spanish meat companies and two experts from meat exporting promotion institutions is conducted. The study gives an example and evidence to international chain management studies. It identifies the main problems of the chain and generates conclusions accordingly, as a first step for the Spanish pork industries to develop market strategies.

Regional Integration and International Trade in the Context of EU Eastward Enlargement

Palavras-chave: Spanish‐Chinese pork chain; International chain management; International trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100512

Paas, Tiiu.

The paper aims to explore international trade flows of the countries involved in the EU eastward enlargement processes - the current EU members (EU15) and the candidate countries (CC12). The empirical results of the study allow us to conclude that the behaviour of bilateral trade flows within the countries involved in EU eastward enlargement accords to the normal rules of gravitation, having statistically significant spatial biases caused by the trade relations, between the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) countries (the BSR bias), the border countries (the border bias) and the EU member and candidate countries (the East-West bias). The East-West trade relations are still rather weakly developed and there is a statistically significant difference in international...

Vantagens comparativas reveladas e orientação regional das exportações agrícolas brasileiras para a União Européia

Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; The Baltic Sea Region; Integration; International trade; Gravity models; International Relations/Trade; F15; C5; R15.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26223

Waquil, Paulo Dabdab; Alvim, Augusto Mussi; Silva, Leonardo Xavier da; Trapp, Glaucilene P..

The paper analyses the Brazilian agricultural trade with the European Union (EU), in the context of the negotiations for a commercial agreement between Mercosur and the EU. We calculate indexes of revealed comparative advantages (RCA) and regional orientation (RO), for the period from 1991 to 2001. We selected the following products: soybeans, orange juice, tobacco, chicken meat, bovine meat, sugar and coffee. Altogether, these products corresponded to more than 20% of total Brazilian exports in that period. The products that show the highest Brazilian participation in world trade are soybeans, orange juice and coffee. Except for sugar, all the analyzed products had the EU as an important destiny for the exports. The results indicate comparative advantages...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Regional integration; International trade; Comparative advantages; Agriculture; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56793

Índice de desenvolvimento do setor externo sucroalcooleiro brasileiro: uma análise de 1999 a 2007

Cardoso, Rubiane Daniele; Rodrigues, Katia Fabiane; Dahmer, Vanessa de Souza; Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis.

This research aimed to evaluate the performance of the external sector in the Brazilian sugar and ethanol industry from 1999 to 2007. Were used two indicators of international trade, the Openness Index (Oi) and External Sector Development Index (SXi). As a corollary, it was found that the degree of openness of trade, in the period, had intermediate levels. The sugar and ethanol industry had several years in high vulnerability, instead, the analysis showed that the industry is looking for a greater presence in international trade, considering that showed an increasing trend in trade volume.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Brazilian sugar and ethanol; Performance indices; International trade; Brazil; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94838

Genetically Modified Food and International Trade: The Case of India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines

Gruere, Guillaume P.; Bouet, Antoine; Mevel, Simon.

Genetically modified (GM) food crops have the potential to raise agricultural productivity in Asian countries, but they are also associated with the risk of market access losses in sensitive importing countries. We study the potential effects of introducing GM food crops in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the presence of trade-related regulations of GM food in major importers. We focus on GM field crops (rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and cotton) resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought-resistant rice, and use a multi-country, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model. We build on previous international simulation models by improving the representation of the productivity shocks associated with GM crops, and by...

International Quota Transfer and Intermediate Goods

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; International trade; Segregation; Asia; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42359

Aldanondo, Ana Maria; Puertolas, Javier.

In this paper we use a general equilibrium model to examine the effects of international quota transfer when a quota restricts world commodity production whilst the trade in an intermediate good is not regulated. The analysis shows that, when the quota regime is not internationally transferable, intermediate input trade substitutes for final good trade. In these circumstances, the distortions are lower than expected. International quota transfer increases world welfare proportionally to quota rent gap. Welfare distribution is also conditioned by commodity terms of trade and, particularly, by the outcome of the intermediate good price.

Modelling Risks in the Salmon Industry and Markets

Palavras-chave: Production quota; International trade; Intermediate goods; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24851

Asheim, Leif Jarle; Lien, Gudbrand D.; Richardson, James W.; Tveteras, Ragnar; Veggeland, Frode.

The paper proposes developing a trade model for salmon to assist in discussions and negotiations of current international salmon trade issues and major risk problems facing the salmon industry. Two modeling approaches are discussed: 1) developing a traditional equilibrium trade programming model designed to maximize total welfare across all model regions by solving for a medium-term price that balances the amount of salmon supplied by the world region to the among processed and consumed by this region; and 2) developing an econometric stochastic simulation model based on linear or non-linear equations. Some disadvantages and weaknesses of the programming model are discussed, whereas the econometric model needs further exploration and consideration. The...

HOPES AND FEARS: THE NEW WORLD TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

Palavras-chave: Risks; Salmon; Programming model; Econometric model; International trade; Livestock Production/Industries; C60; C50.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56000

Information Asymmetry and the Problem of Transfers in Trade Negotiations and International Agencies

Marchant, Mary A..

Understanding the impacts of the Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on southern commodities serves as a starting point to assess the potential impacts of the next global trade negotiations in terms of hope (expanding export markets) and fear (new competition). Key issues examined include whether or not the UR Agreement resulted in new markets or new competition for key southern commodities-cotton, poultry, tobacco, and rice. For new markets, export data were analyzed to determine if exports increased since the passage of the UR Agreement in 1994. Also, countries that are leading world importers of these southern commodities were identified and data analyzed to determine whether the U.S. is exporting to these top markets. Alternatively, to assess whether the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Cotton; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); International trade; Poultry; Rice; The South; Tobacco; Uruguay Round Agreements; World Trade Organization (WTO); International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15367

Hamada, Koichi; Sunder, Shyam.

This paper studies the role of transfers among groups within a country as well as among countries in a two level game of international trade negotiations. We show that in order to realize the intended transfer in the presence of asymmetric information on the states of recipients (and donors), a transfer process uses up additional resources. The difficulty of making transfers renders it less likely that a nation would find it individually rational to participate as a member of an international institution. Costly transfers render the internal and international adjustment difficult, and serve as a barrier to trade liberalization. Costly international transfers harden the resistance against trade liberalization in the (potentially) recipient country and...

Drivers of Demand for Imported Horticultural Commodities: A Cross-Country Comparison

Palavras-chave: International trade; Tariff negotiation; Asymmetric information; Transfer; WTO; Common agency; Two-level game; International Relations/Trade; O82; F13; H21; H71; H77.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28490

Rickard, Bradley J.; St. Pierre, Christine M.; Becker, Gabriel M..

International trade of horticultural commodities is increasingly important in many regions of the world, yet relatively little research has studied import patterns of key horticultural crops. Using data between 1991 and 2005, we find that import demand for horticultural commodities in developed countries has been driven primarily by prices and the level of trade openness while income and diet considerations were more important in emerging countries. Furthermore, our results show that the determinants of import demand differed across the selected crops, and therefore information can be lost if data for horticultural commodities are aggregated.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Emerging markets; Horticultural commodities; Import demand; International trade; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q10; Q13; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53749

Indirect Effects of Eco-labelling of agricultural products on Natural Resources

Prosperi, Maurizio; Viscecchia, Rosaria.

The implementation of eco-labelling schemes for agricultural and food products may represent an opportunity to enhance production technologies compatible with the sustainable economic approach. The paper presents an attempt to design a comprehensive methodological framework in which the consumer behaviour change is the driving force for redirecting the market, the production, and the international trade. This approach focuses on the specification of the most relevant variables necessary to implement a simplified, but comprehensive analysis, from which it is possible to proceeding to a broad estimate of the changes in terms of consumption patterns, revenue distribution, import and export, and natural resources consumption. On a theoretical basis, the...

OPTIMAL AGRICULTURAL LAND PRICING POLICIES UNDER MULTIPLE EXTERNALITIES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY

Palavras-chave: Environmental labelling; Natural resources conservation; International trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7868

Peterson, Jeffrey M..

Agriculture has recently been noted as a provider of non-market environmental benefits in addition to its traditional recognition as a source of negative externalities from polluting inputs. In this paper, a general equilibrium framework is used to determine optimal land subsidies and input taxes in agriculture. When agriculture generates both amenities and pollution, the optimal subsidy does not equal the net extra-market value of agricultural land. If opened to international trade, a small economy will fully correct externalities, while large economies have an incentive to set policies at non-internalizing levels to exploit terms-of-trade effects.

THE INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF BILATERAL AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE

Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Externalities; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21613