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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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| Monica Gori; Michela Del Viva; Giulio Sandini; David C. Burr. |
| Several studies have shown that adults integrate visual and haptic information (and information from other modalities) in a statistically optimal fashion, weighting each sense according to its reliability. To date no studies have investigated when this capacity for cross-modal integration develops. Here we show that prior to eight years of age, integration of visual and haptic spatial information is far from optimal, with either vision or touch dominating totally, even in conditions where the dominant sense is far less precise than the other (assessed by discrimination thresholds). For size discrimination, haptic information dominates in determining both perceived size and discrimination thresholds, while for orientation discrimination vision dominates. By... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1521/version/1 |
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| Giovanni Mento; Agnese Suppiej; Patrizia Bisiacchi. |
| In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed researchers to individuate an earlier morphological development of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere before birth. Anatomical asymmetry, however, does not necessarily mean functional asymmetry and whether the anatomical differences between hemispheres at this early age are paralleled by functional specializations is still unknown. Here we show electrophysiological evidence of an early functional right lateralization for pitch processing arising by 30 gestational weeks, not before, in preterm newborns. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3204/version/1 |
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| Zhicheng Lin. |
| Although the human visual system is constantly flooded with sensory information, the brain is remarkable in inferring structures from the massive inputs and selectively attending to behaviorally relevant information. However, how the two processes interact remains largely unknown. Can top-down attention efficiently select the task-relevant dimension (e.g. gender) during face recognition to override interference in the task-irrelevant dimension (e.g. expression)? To address this issue, participants were asked to classify real face images according to gender or expression, which were preceded by other faces (masked priming task) or words (face-word Stroop task). Results show that face classification was 1) affected by the task-relevant but not the... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2222/version/1 |
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| Kameshwar R. Ayasolla; Ravi K. R. Kalathur; Matthias E. Futschik. |
| Although the disease causing gene huntingtin has been known for some time, the exact cause of neuronal cell death during _Huntington's disease_ (HD) remains unknown. One potential mechanism contributing to the massive loss of neurons in HD brains might be the _Unfolded Protein Response_ (UPR) which is activated by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As an adaptive response, UPR upregulates transcription of chaperones, temporarily attenuating new translation and activates protein degradation via the proteasome. However, at high levels of ER stress, UPR signalling can contribute to neuronal apoptosis.

Our primary aims include (a) construction of the UPR signalling network, (b)... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7078/version/1 |
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| Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; Jürgen Horst. |
| Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (> 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression during early... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/5 |
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| Zhong.-Xin Wu; Vincent Kish; Thomas Batchelor; Richard Dey. |
| Abundant epidemiological data shows that maternal smoking during pregnancy or second-hand smoke exposure during neonatal life and infancy increases the incidence of respiratory illnesses later in life. However, underlying mechanisms initiated in early life but affecting adult disease remain undefined. Neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are neurotrophic factors essential in promoting and maintaining differentiation, growth, and survival of central and peripheral nervous system. The goal of this proposal is to examine the potential role of neurotrophin release in mediating long-term effects of prenatal and early postnatal smoke exposure. Our studies showed that an initial exposure to smoke during... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1432/version/1 |
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| Melissa A. Fowler; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald C. Cooper. |
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) null mutant (-/-) mice have been reported to totally lack the reinforcing or locomotor stimulating effects of cocaine. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for their locomotor and conditioned place- preference response to cocaine. Unlike the previous finding, here we show that compared to mGluR5 +/+ mice, -/- mice exhibit no difference in the locomotor response to low to moderate doses of cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg). A high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg) resulted in a blunted rather than absent locomotor response. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for conditioned place-preference to cocaine and found no group differences at a conditioning dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting normal conditioned rewarding properties of cocaine. These... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6180/version/1 |
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| Zhidong Zhou; Tit Meng Lim. |
| In this study we demonstrate for the first time that GSH could rapidly conjugate with dopamine (DA)-derived DA-o-quinones without enzymatic catalysis to form short-lived intermediate GSH-conjugates (2-S-GSH-DA-o-quinone and 5-S-GSH-DA-o-quinone). These intermediate GSH-conjugates are unstable and would finally form reactive or non-reactive GSH-conjugates dependent on ambient reductive forces. Under insufficient reductive forces, the intermediate GSH-conjugates could cyclize spontaneously to form reactive 7-S-GSH-aminochrome (7-S-GSH-AM). The 7-S-GSH-AM is so reactive that it could further react with another GSH to form 4,7-bi-GSH-5,6-dihydroindole. Its reactivity could also abrogate tyrosinase activity in solutions. In addition, the 7-S-GSH-AM could... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2963/version/1 |
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| Kei Nagashima; Ken Tokizawa; Yuki Uchida. |
| The circadian rhythm of body temperature (Tb) is a well-known phenomenon. However, it is unknown how the circadian system affects thermoregulation. Food deprivation in mice induces a greater reduction of Tb particularly in the light phase. We examined the role of the clock gene and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) during induced hypothermia. At 20C with fasting, mice increased their metabolic heat production in the dark phase and maintained T~b~, whereas in the light phase, heat production was less, resulting in hypothermia. Under these conditions, neuronal activity in the SCN, assessed by cFos expression, increased only in the light phase. The differences between the phases in Clock mutant mice were less marked. The neural network between the SCN and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2940/version/1 |
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| Ritu R. Malik; Shailesh S. Tondwal; K Subramanian Venkatesh; Gopal Gupta; Amit Misra. |
| Hormonal methods of male contraception have addressed feedback-inhbition of the cascade of hormones that has evolved to regulate sperm production but high concentrations of testosterone (T) in the blood have not worked satisfactorily. We hypothesized that an episodic event, such as degranulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus, could be as well inhibited by episodic interference as by continuously-applied suppression. We used a computational model of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis described by Veldhuis et al. to test the hypothesis that episodic administration of T would inhibit GnRH and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. A set of stochastic differential equations model feedback as well as feed-forward actions of... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2648/version/1 |
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| Jason S. Prentice; Josh Merel; Vijay Balasubramanian. |
| Hippocampal lesions are known to impair success in navigation tasks. While such tasks could be solved by memorizing complete paths from a starting location to the goal, animals still perform successfully when placed in a novel starting position. We propose a navigation algorithm to solve the latter problem by exploiting two facts about hippocampal organization: (1) The size of the place fields of hippocampal place cells varies systematically along the dorsoventral axis, with dorsal place cells having smaller place fields than ventral (Kjelstrup et. al. 2008); and (2) the theta oscillation propagates as a traveling wave from dorsal to ventral hippocampus (Lubenov and Siapas, 2009). Taken together, these observations imply that the hippocampal... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6379/version/1 |
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| J. Ryan Porter; Steven M. Platek. |
| Bias for an in-group is a social phenomenon characterized by an affinity for one’s in-group over a perceived out-group. Activation in the amygdala, which is implicated in social and emotional processes, is increased when humans view other-race faces. This increase in activation is associated with implicit racial bias as indicated by scores on an implicit attitude test. Contagious yawning is a social process that appears to subserve empathic processes enabling the inferential modeling of the mental states of others and is exhibited in few species other than humans, including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides), dogs (Canis familiaris), and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Despite these comparative data,... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6875/version/1 |
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| Michael Schmuker; Daniel Brüderle; Sven Schrader; Martin Nawrot. |
| Discrimination of sensory inputs is a computational task that biological neuronal systems perform very efficiently. Assessing the principles in those systems is a promising approach to develop technical solutions for many problems, such as data classification. A particular problem here is to train a classifier in a supervised fashion to discriminate classes in multidimensional data. We implemented a network of spiking neurons that solves this task using a neuromorphic hardware system, that is, analog neuronal circuits on a silicon substrate. This system enables us to do high-performance computation in a biologically inspired way, with spiking neurons as computational units. In this contribution, we illustrate solutions to technical challenges that occur... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6547/version/1 |
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| Sandeep Sharma; Yumei Zhuang; Fernando Gomez-Pinilla. |
| Background: The consumption of diets high in calories and low in nutrient value is becoming increasingly common in modern society, which can lead to metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity, and potentially to psychiatric disorders. We have performed studies to assess how the shift from a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids to a diet rich in saturated fatty acid affects the substrates for brain plasticity and function, and anxiety and depression-like behavior. Methods: Pregnant rats were fed with omega-3 supplemented diet from their 2nd day of gestation period as well as their male pups for 12 weeks. Afterwards, the animals were randomly assigned to either a group fed on the same diet or a group fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6950/version/1 |
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| Matthew Wilder; Matt Jones; Alaa Ahmed; Tim Curran; Michael Mozer. |
| As we perform daily activities-- driving to work, unlocking the office door, grabbing a coffee cup-- our actions seem automatic and preprogrammed. Nonetheless, routine, well-practiced behavior is continually modulated by incidental experience: in repetitive experimental tasks, recent (~4) trials reliably influence performance and action choice. Psychological theories downplay the significance of sequential effects, explaining them as rapidly decaying perturbations of behavior with no long-term consequences. We challenge this traditional perspective in two studies designed to probe the impact of more distant experience, finding evidence for effects spanning up to a thousand intermediate events. We present a normative theory in which these persistent effects... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6942/version/1 |
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| Carmelo Vicario. |
| With this study we provide evidence that the cognitive processes involved in addition/subtraction, mapped along the mental number line, seem to mediate our understanding of trading verbs. When left-to-right culture participants read "loss" verbs, cognitive activation moves "leftward" as in arithmetical subtraction, while reading "gain" verbs activates a mental rightward space as in addition. 
 We test this hypothesis by asking to a group of participants to use their left and right hand in judging (as correct of not) the syntactic form of several verbs meaning financial outcomes. Results show that processing “gain verbs” was associated with shorter... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5775/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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