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| Registros recuperados: 275 | |
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| Busse, Matthias; Braun, Sebastian. |
| The paper addresses the linkage between certain aspects of the increasing economic integration of world markets and the level of child labour. We empirically examine, first, the often-cited conventional wisdom that multinational enterprises invest in countries where the extent of child labour is relatively high and, second, the concern that countries may gain an unfair comparative advantage in trade by using child labour. The results indicate that multinationals are highly sensitive with respect to the location of their transplants and prefer countries with lower levels of child labour. The opposite outcome applies to child labour and comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, where we find a statistically significant positive relationship. Based on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Child Labour; Economic Integration; Trade; FDI; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F15; J82. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26174 |
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| Naanwaab, Cephas B.; Yeboah, Osei-Agyeman. |
| This paper examines the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on agricultural commodity trade using extensive data. The data cover agricultural exports and imports between the U.S. and NAFTA partners over the extended period of 1989-2010. The commodities covered in our analyses include; corn, soy bean, cotton, wheat, fresh vegetables, poultry, dairy products, and red meats. Since the signing of the agreement, U.S. total agricultural commodity trade with NAFTA members has increased three-fold from $18 billion in 1994 to $61 billion in 2010. A partial equilibrium model, in which we derive each trading partner's excess demand and excess supply, is used to study the impact of NAFTA on trade, controlling for other trade-inducing variables such... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agricultural commodities; Trade; Partial equilibrium analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119730 |
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| Chapoto, Antony; Jayne, Thomas S.. |
| There is continuing debate in east and southern Africa about the effects of food market reform on the welfare of small-scale farmers and low-income consumers. At the center of this debate is the perception that food prices have become more unstable in countries that have liberalized their staple food markets, thereby exacerbating the plight of poor consumers and farmers. This perception has led many governments in the region to shun an open maize borders policy and pursue a variety of food marketing and trade policy tools to stabilize food prices. Unfortunately, there remains a dearth of empirical evidence on the effects of alternative food marketing and trade policies, including that of liberalization, on price stability and predictability. Assessments of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Maize; Trade; Markets; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56798 |
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| Zant, Wouter. |
| We investigate measurement of market integration of staple food markets in developing countries. The analysis takes the Parity Bound Model as starting point and modifies this model by parameterizing and estimating transaction costs. The specification of transaction costs takes account of transport costs, fixed source costs, fixed destination costs, ad valorem taxes & levies and seasonality an is implemented on the basis of a specific sub-sample of price differentials. Price differentials combined with predicted transaction costs enable the measurement of market integration for each location and each period. The proposed method is applied to the Malawi maize market with monthly data from June 1999 to October 2009 for 26 districts. This period covers two... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food markets; Transaction costs; Trade; Market integration; Parity Bound Model; Malawi; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; F14; Q13. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95777 |
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| Rae, Allan N.. |
| China’s sustained rapid economic growth and development has contributed to the surge in consumption and production of livestock in that country termed the livestock revolution. Consumption trends are first reviewed, and changes in food consumption patterns include a marked shift away from grains and towards meats and dairy products. A question is to what extent this rapid increase in demand for livestock products is reflected in China’s agri-food trade statistics? While her agri-food imports have dramatically increased since China’s accession to the WTO, livestock products have not made a noticeable contribution, although the import of certain animal feedstuffs has. This implies China’s continuing self-sufficiency in most livestock products. The paper next... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: China; Livestock; Trade; Domestic markets; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118544 |
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| Xue, Dayuan; Tisdell, Clement A.. |
| The UN Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted in Montreal, 29 January, 2000 and opened for signature in Nairobi, 15-26 May, 2000 will exert a profound effect on international trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products. In this paper, the background to the drafting and negotiation of the Protocol is outlined, and potential effects of various articles of the Protocol on international trade in GMOs are analyzed. Based on the present status of imports of GMOs and domestic research and development of biotechnology in China, likely trends in imports of foreign GMOs and related products after China accedes to WTO is explored. Also, China’s strategies and countermeasures to control and regulate imports of GMOs in line with implementation... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Cartagena Protocol; Genetically modified organism; Trade; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48011 |
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| Busse, Matthias. |
| The globalisation of the world economy increases international competition among companies. However, not all industries will be affected by the same extent. The degree of globalisation of an industry will be particularly influenced by the level of transaction costs. Low transaction costs will lead to globalised markets, high transaction costs to segmented markets. On the other hand, one has to consider heterogeneous consumer preferences and product differentiation as two additional factors of influence as well as the fact that transaction costs can only be roughly calculated. If these limitations are kept in mind, transaction costs could be of great importance for competition policy in determining the degree of international competition among firms. Die... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Trade; Competition policy; International Relations/Trade; F00; F13; D23. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26144 |
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| Grant, Jason H.; Boys, Kathryn A.. |
| Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO has worked well if we ignore trade in agriculture – one of the institution’s seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows, the latter of which serves as our benchmark. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members’ agricultural trade relative to trade between non-members. Further, despite their special and differential... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: WTO; Membership; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90886 |
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| Swinbank, Alan. |
| It is widely believed that a number of countries, including the EU, engaged in dirty tariffication during the Uruguay Round of trade talks. This article examines the EUs record on sugar and finds little evidence to substantiate the claim. However, world prices increased between the base period (1986-88) and the date of implementation (1995), and so tariffication resulted in an increase in the tax that would have been charged on sugar imports into the EU. As well, the Special Safeguard provisions meant that a substantial additional levy could be charged. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; EU; Sugar; Tariffication; Trade; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23851 |
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| Vanzetti, David. |
| Discussions within the World Trade Organization on the temporary movement of labour across borders have met with limited success, in spite of the potential benefits to both home and destination countries. Developed countries have been reluctant to allow increased immigration because of concerns about the social and economic impacts of integrating foreign workers. Recently available bilateral data on current migration flows, differences in wages and remittances makes it possible to estimate the potential impacts of temporary migration on wages and national income. Using a general equilibrium model that separates skilled and unskilled labour, we show that a three per cent increase in the labour force due to increased migration would increase national income... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Migration; Trade; GATS mode 4; International Development; F13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59174 |
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| Karugia, Joseph Thuo; Wanjiku, Julliet; Gbegbelegbe, Sika; Nzuma, Jonathan M.; Massawe, Stella; Macharia, Eric; Freeman, H. Ade; Waithaka, Michael M.; Kaitibie, Simeon; Gulan, Ayele. |
| The East African Customs Union was established in 2005 with the aim of increasing intraregional trade. The Customs Union protocol commits member states to eliminate non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to intraregional trade. However, several NTBs are still applied by member states. This study identifies the existing NTBs on maize and beef trade and quantifies their impact on trade and welfare of EAC citizens using a Spatial Equilibrium Model (SEM). Data on NTBs were collected from traders and transporters of maize and beef cattle in East Africa. Roadblock checks, bribes and custom rules and procedures were identified as the main NTBs to trade. The SEM model shows that a 50% reduction of the cost of NTBs, or their complete elimination would improve social welfare in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Beef; Maize; Non-tariff barriers; Trade; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51672 |
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| Konig, Gabor; Nagy Orbanne, Maria. |
| other Hungarian food industry sectors and also compared to the concentration level in West European countries. In the sector the share of foreign capital is also very low (17%). Because of the low share of foreign capital and relatively small concentration, structural and ownership changes were to be expected, resulting in a more concentrated and competitive sector. The restructuring process involved a number of steps. First of all, Sándor Csányi acquired Délhús and then later acquired Pick Szeged, and in 2005 these two corporations’ sectoral share was about 25%. As for the other two large corporations – R-KO-N and Carnex – in late 2005 the latter weakened significantly causing a loss in market share and the bankruptcy of two companies within its... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Pig; Food industry; EU Accession; Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107655 |
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| Wise, Timothy A.. |
| World trade talks have foundered recently, in part due to developing country demands that industrialized countries reduce their large farm support programs to allow poor farmers in the global South to compete more fairly. Claiming that Northern farm subsidies amount to over $1 billion a day, and that the average European cow receives more in subsidies than the nearly three billion people who live on less than two dollars a day, Southern governments, farmer groups, and international aid groups have demanded steep cuts in Northern agricultural subsidies. This paper examines the economic and policy aspects of the subsidy debate. We begin with an examination of the most widely used measure of agricultural support, the OECD's Producer Support Estimate. We... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade; Agricultural subsidies; Corn; Mexico; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15590 |
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| Beghin, John C.; El Osta, Barbara; Cherlow, Jay R.; Mohanty, Samarendu. |
| We revisit the cost of the U.S. sugar program by analyzing the welfare implications of its removal. We use a multimarket model of U.S. sweetener markets, which includes raw crops, sugar extraction and refining, high-fructose corn syrup, and sweetener users (food-processing industries and final consumers). Our approach addresses the industrial organization of food industries using sweeteners and treats the United States as a large importer. We estimate that, with the removal of the program, cane growers, sugar beet growers, and beet processors would lose $307 million, $650 million, and $89 million (1999 prices), respectively. Sweetener users would gain $1.9 billion (1999 prices). The deadweight loss of the current sugar program is estimated at $532 million... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q17; F13. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18431 |
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| Roe, Terry L.; Mohtadi, Hamid. |
| The role of international trade in the new growth theory is investigated from several perspectives. Following a historical outline and a brief analytical sketch of the R&D based models, the results from fitting three structural models to data are presented. Results show the relative impacts on growth from trade and R&D based policies including technological spillovers from trade. The mechanism of inter-sectoral adjustments to the long-run growth path are also discussed. Results from selected econometric studies are reviewed. With emphasis on agriculture, this includes evidence of technological spillovers from trade, the effect of R&D expenditures on growth in total factor productivity, and the extent to which the stock of technological... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Endogenous Growth; Trade; Technological Spillovers; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21536 |
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| Registros recuperados: 275 | |
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