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| Registros recuperados: 383 | |
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| Guenther Witzany. |
| Communicative competences enable bacteria to develop, organise and coordinate rich social life with a great variety of behavioral patterns even in which they organise themselves like multicellular organisms. They have existed for almost four billion years and still survive, being part of the most dramatic changes in evolutionary history such as DNA invention, cellular life, invention of nearly all protein types, partial constitution of eukaryotic cells, vertical colonisation of all eukaryotes, high adaptability through horizontal gene transfer and co-operative multispecies colonisation of all ecological niches. Recent research demonstrates that these bacterial competences derive from the aptitude of viruses for natural genome editing.... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1738/version/2 |
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| Davide Piffer. |
| Human sleep patterns differ across age groups and between males and females, and their association with age and gender suggest that they might have been the target of sexual selection during human evolutionary history. In this study, I will test the hypothesis that a phase-delayed circadian phase is a sexually selected trait in humans. A short version of the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire and a questionnaire on sexual behaviour were administered to 134 males and 140 females. A significant negative relationship was found between the MEQ score and the number of sexual partners among males, with evening types reporting more sexual partners than morning types. No significant relationship between females MEQ and number of sexual partners was found. Findings... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2964/version/2 |
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| Priscille Touraille; Pierre-Henri Gouyon. |
| There are large variations of size among humans but in all populations, men are larger on average than women. For most biologists this fact can be easily explained by the same processes that explain the size dimorphism in large mammals in general and in apes in particular. Due to fights between males for the possession of females, sexual selection has favoured bigger males. Indeed, this factor certainly explains why males are selected for being large but lets aside the question of selection on the female side. Actually, it has been shown that larger females are also favoured by natural selection. This is particularly relevant for women because their probability of dying when giving birth is then reduced. In this paper, the common view that size dimorphism... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1832/version/1 |
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| John Skoyles. |
| A four year old child devotes half their total energy expenditure (TEE) to their brains. Even by 10 years-of-age it is still 30% (compared to an adult’s ≈12%). This extreme energy use results from a high brain/body size ratio – combined with a doubling of cerebral gray matter energy utilization (due to synaptic exuberance during cognitive neuromaturation). 

With extreme energy expenditure goes extreme vulnerability to hypoglycemia: (1) children become hypoglycemic after 24-36 hours of fast (compared to 60-72 hours in adults), and (2) their brains suffer neurological impairment (shown in disrupted P300 potentials) at a lower decrease in plasma glucose: 3.6 - 4.2 mmol L-1 in children rather... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7097/version/1 |
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| Etienne Joly. |
| Background: Speciation corresponds to the progressive establishment of reproductive barriers between groups of individuals derived from an ancestral stock. Since Darwin did not believe that reproductive barriers could be selected for, he proposed that most events of speciation would occur through a process of separation and divergence, and this point of view is still shared by most evolutionary biologists today. 

Results: I do, however, contend that, if so much speciation occurs, it must result from a process of natural selection, whereby it is advantageous for individuals to reproduce preferentially within a group and reduce their breeding with the rest of the population, leading to a model whereby new species arise not... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Earth & Environment; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5003/version/4 |
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| Ashiq Hussain; Luis Saraiva; Sigrun Korsching. |
| Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) in mammals recently have been shown to function as olfactory receptors. We have delineated the taar gene family in jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish (zero, two, and more than hundred genes, respectively). We conclude that taar genes are evolutionary much younger than the related OR and ORA/V1R olfactory receptor families, which are present already in lamprey, a jawless vertebrate. The two cartilaginous fish genes appear to be ancestral for two taar classes, each with mammalian and bony fish (teleost) representatives. Unexpectedly, a whole new clade, class III, of taar genes originated even later, within the teleost lineage. Taar genes from all three classes are expressed in subsets of zebrafish olfactory receptor... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6448/version/1 |
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| Simon Pierce. |
| The mechanism whereby biodiversity varies between habitats differing in productivity is a missing link between ecological and evolutionary theory with vital implications for biodiversity conservation, management and the assessment of ecosystem services. A unimodal, humped-back relationship, with biodiversity greatest at intermediate productivities, is evident when plant, animal and microbial communities are compared across productivities in nature. However, the mechanistic, evolutionary basis of this observation remains enigmatic. We show, for natural and semi-natural plant communities across a range of bioclimatic zones, that biodiversity is greatest where communities include species with widely divergent values for phenotypic traits involved in resource... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6618/version/1 |
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| Xavier Didelot; Rich Everitt; Adam Johansen; Dan Lawson. |
| Over the past ten years, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) has become hugely popular to estimate the parameters of a model when the likelihood function cannot be computed in a reasonable amount of time. ABC can in principle be used also to perform Bayesian model comparison, but this raises the question of which summary statistic should be used for such applications. Here we present a general method for constructing a summary statistic that is sufficient for the model choice problem. We apply this construction to models from the exponential family. Unfortunately, in more complex models, our construct often results in statistics with too high dimensionality to use in ABC. We therefore discuss the possibility of applying ABC with non-sufficient... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5955/version/1 |
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| Suzanne J. Matthews; SeungJin Sul; Tiffani L. Williams. |
| Phylogenetic trees are family trees that represent the relationships between a group of organisms, or taxa. The most popular techniques for reconstructing phylogenetic trees intelligently navigate an exponentially-sized tree space by solving NP-hard optimization problems that that best hypothesize the evolutionary history for a given set of taxa. Instead of reconstructing a single tree, these heuristics often return tens to hundreds of thousands of trees that represent equally-plausible hypotheses for how the taxa of interest evolved from a common ancestor. As biologists attempt to reconstruct increasingly larger phylogenies, these tree collections only continue to grow in size. To combat the cost of storage and to facilitate the transfer of these large... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4613/version/1 |
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| Nobuo Masataka; Leonid Perlovsky. |
| The fundamental cognitive functions of music in the brain have not been known and evolutionary reasons for musical abilities seem mysterious. A recent hypothesis suggested that a fundamental function of music has been to help mitigating cognitive dissonances. A cognitive dissonance is "a discomfort caused by holding conflicting cognitions" simultaneously; it usually leads to devaluation of conflicting knowledge. Since every concept implies some degree of contradictions to other knowledge, unmitigated cognitive dissonances could prevent evolution of cognition. Thus music might be fundamental for the evolution of cognition. Here we provide experimental confirmation of this hypothesis using a classical paradigm known to induce a cognitive... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7080/version/1 |
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| Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino; Alessandro L. Sellerio; Philip D. Heijning; Bruno Bassetti. |
| Protein domains are found on genomes with notable statistical distributions, which bear a high degree of similarity. Previous work has shown how these distributions can be accounted for by simple models, where the main ingredients are probabilities of duplication, innovation, and loss of domains. However, no one so far has addressed the issue that these distributions follow definite trends depending on protein-coding genome size only. We present a stochastic duplication/innovation model, falling in the class of so-called Chinese Restaurant Processes, able to explain this feature of the data. Using only two universal parameters, related to a minimal number of domains and to the relative weight of innovation to duplication, the model reproduces two... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1376/version/2 |
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| Abhishek Kumar; Hermann Ragg. |
| The superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) is involved in wide arrays of fundamental biological processes such as blood coagulation, complement activation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor suppression. The average protein size of a serpin family member is 350-400 amino acids, but gene structure varies in terms of number and position of exons and introns. All known serpins can be grouped into 16 clades and 10 orphan sequences. Vertebrate serpins can be conveniently classified into six sub-groups, based on three independent biological features - genomic organization, diagnostic amino acid sites and rare indels.
The objective of this study was to elucidate the phylogenetic kinships of serpins involved in... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2496/version/1 |
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| Etienne Joly. |
| Whilst the principle of adaptive evolution is unanimously recognised as being caused by the process of natural selection favouring the survival and/or reproduction of individuals having acquired new advantageous traits, a consensus has proven much harder to find regarding the actual origin of species. Indeed, since speciation corresponds to the establishment of reproductive barriers, it is difficult to see how it could bring a selective advantage because it amounts to a restriction in the opportunities to breed with as many and/or as diverse partners as possible. In this regard, Darwin himself did not believe that reproductive barriers could be selected for, and today most evolutionary biologists still believe that speciation can only occur through a... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5003/version/3 |
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| Registros recuperados: 383 | |
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