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| Registros recuperados: 118 | |
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| Roumasset, James A.; Pitafi, Basharat A.K.. |
| Conserving the watershed can help to preserve the groundwater supplies by avoiding loss of recharge. Preventing overuse of available water through pricing reforms can also substantially increase benefits from groundwater stock. Since efficiency prices are generally higher than the inefficient, status quo prices, efficiency pricing may be politically infeasible and watershed conservation may be considered as an alternative. Using Pearl Harbor water district as an example, we find that pricing reform yields large welfare improvement (about $900 million) and is welfare-superior to watershed conservation unless the latter prevents over 10% loss of recharge. In addition, watershed conservation is more valuable at efficiency pricing than at the status quo prices. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Watershed conservation; Water pricing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D62; H21; H23. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20133 |
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| Crago, Christine Lasco; Khanna, Madhu. |
| A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofuel as available fuel choices, in the presence of a labor tax and biofuel subsidy. The second-best optimal carbon tax is also quantified. Findings show that when biofuels is part of the fuel mix, the carbon tax has a commodity price effect which arises from tax-induced changes in land rent. The commodity price effect could exacerbate or attenuate the tax interaction... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Carbon tax; Optimal fuel tax; Biofuel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q54; H23. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60894 |
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| Martin, Elsa; Stahn, Hubert. |
| The point of departure of this work is the situation occurring in the Crau area (South-East of France). In this region, organic farmers use surface water for irrigation and excess water percolates into an aquifer that is used as a source for local residents. In contrast to the standard framework, agricultural production thus increases groundwater levels. In this paper, using a dynamic model, we derive the myopic and socially optimal food and water consumption paths. The first aim is to bring to the fore that an intervention is needed and that, in such a specific case, the environment can be protected thanks to some "good" production incentives. We then analyze the problem of coordination that can occur when two distinct local authorities - an agricultural... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Agricultural policy; Water policy; Coordination of policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q18; Q28.. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91811 |
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| Fischer, Carolyn. |
| Rate-based emissions policies (like tradable performance standards) fix average emissions intensity, while cap-and-trade policies fix total emissions. This paper shows that unfettered trade between rate-based and cap-and-trade programs always raises combined emissions, except when product markets are related in particular ways. Gains from trade are fully passed on to consumers in the rate-based sector, resulting in more output and greater emissions allocations. We consider a range of policy options to offset the expansion, including unilateral ones when jurisdictional differences require. The cap-and-trade jurisdiction could impose an "exchange rate" to adjust for relative permit values, but marginal abatement cost equalization is sacrificed. Still, that... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Permit allocation; Tradable performance standards; Climate; Greenhouse gases; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H3; Q2; Q48. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10713 |
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| Parry, Ian W.H.. |
| This paper develops an analytical framework for comparing the marginal excess burden (MEB) of labor taxes and various commodity taxes, allowing for externalities and interactions between the taxes, and applies the analysis to the United Kingdom. Due to parameter uncertainty and model simplifications the results should be viewed with caution, nonetheless there are some useful insights. For example, even though taxes on petrol and cigarettes confer externality benefits, and these goods are relatively weak leisure substitutes, the MEB of these taxes may substantially exceed that of the labor income tax, except under "high" scenarios for externality benefits. In contrast the MEB for alcohol taxes may be smaller than that of the labor tax, though it is still... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Welfare cost; Labor tax; Cigarette tax; Alcohol tax; Petrol tax; Externalities; Political Economy; H21; H23; Q28. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10860 |
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| Parry, Ian W.H.. |
| It is widely perceived that projected public spending on transportation infrastructure in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area for the next 20 years will not be enough to halt, let alone reverse, the trend of increasing traffic congestion. Consequently, there has been much debate about how additional sources of local revenues might be raised to finance more transportation spending. This paper develops and implements an analytical framework for estimating the efficiency costs of raising $500 million per annum in local revenue from five possible sources. These sources are increasing labor taxes, property taxes, gasoline taxes, transit fares, and implementing congestion taxes. Our model incorporates congestion and pollution externalities, and it allows for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Transportation; Taxes; Washington DC; Welfare cost; Public Economics; R48; H21; H23. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10552 |
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| Parry, Ian W.H.; Bento, Antonio M.. |
| This paper explores the interactions between taxes on work-related traffic congestion and pre-existing distortionary taxes in the labor market. A congestion tax raises the overall costs of commuting to work and discourages labor force participation at the margin, when revenues are returned in lump-sum transfers. We find that the resulting efficiency loss in the labor market can be larger than the Pigouvian efficiency gains from internalizing the congestion externality. In contrast, if congestion tax revenues are used to reduce labor taxes the net impact on labor supply is positive, and the efficiency gain in the labor market can raise the overall welfare gains of the congestion tax by as much as 100 percent. Recycling congestion tax revenues in public... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Congestion taxes; Pre-existing tax distortions; General equilibrium; Welfare effects; Public Economics; R41; H21; H23. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10548 |
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| Fischer, Carolyn. |
| Political pressure often exists to earmark environmental tax revenues or permit rents to the industry affected by the regulation. This paper analyzes schemes that rebate revenues based on output shares: tradable performance standards, an emissions tax with market-share rebates, and tradable permits with output-based allocation. All three policies effectively combine a tax on emissions with a subsidy to output. The result is a shifting of emissions control efforts toward greater emissions rate reduction and less output contraction, with higher marginal costs of control and lower output prices compared to the social optimum, given any targeted level of abatement. These welfare costs depend on the degree of output substitutability and are likely to be much... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emission tax; Permit allocation; Earmarking; Tradable performance standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; H23; Q2. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10709 |
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| Alha, Akhil; Yonzon, Bijoyata. |
| The agricultural sector is India has been characterized with high supply of labour than demand, low wages, skewed distribution of land, and limited options of earning livelihood. This sector has undergone a vast change in recent past, mainly due to the increased rural-to-urban migration and partly due to the inception of MGNREGS and other public works. The structural changes in Indian economy in recent past have made male-migration a lucrative phenomenon while schemes like MGNREGS are found to be attractive for females in rural locations due to various reasons discussed in the paper. This has caused a shortage of farm labour and consequently, an upward push in agricultural wages. The study has suggested that there is a need to implement MGNREGA and other... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: MGNREGS; Farm labour; Rural employment; Labour availability; Agricultural and Food Policy; J22; J61; J23; H23. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119388 |
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| Registros recuperados: 118 | |
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