SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Caswell, Julie A.; Joseph, Siny.

The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand has a strong effect on agricultural and food trade.

ALBERTA AND THE EU-27: PAST TRADE RELATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

Palavras-chave: Food quality; Food safety; Consumer demand; Willingness to pay; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; L15; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7390

Emter, Nicholas A.; Mirus, Rolf.

Canada and the EU-27 are negotiating a comprehensive economic partnership agreement against the backdrop of the stalled multilateral negotiations under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The new agreement is expected to stimulate trade, investment, and technology transfer between the two partners. This report provides a review of the last 15 years of Alberta’s experience in exporting goods to the EU-27, with the goal of gaining insights into how freer trade could affect future exports to the region. First, we summarize the state of bilateral economic relations between the prospective partners, relying in part on a study jointly sponsored by the EU and the Government of Canada. The second part focuses on the exports to the EU from Alberta...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Canada; EU; International trade; Trade; Imports; Exports; Commercial services exports; Merchandise exports; Commercial services imports; Merchandise imports; Manufactured goods; Commodities; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60403

Developing Country Trade: Implications of China’s Changing Trade and Competitiveness in Intensive and Extensive Margin Goods

Somwaru, Agapi; Tuan, Francis C.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Diao, Xinshen; Hansen, James M..

This paper delves into China’s differential growths in trade flows with high income and developing countries by focusing on bilateral content of trade data over the time period 1978-2005. Unlike other studies, we account for end use of traded goods ranging from primary, intermediate, and finished goods because China’s policies impact all segments China’s trade flows. In the last 28 years, China has specialized in deficits in the upstream production segments (parts and components) and rapid diversification in consumption goods (extensive margin). While in the late 1970s China’s export and import growth on all goods with major high income countries is outstanding in the most recent years China’s trade growth with developing countries has taken the lead...

The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine

Palavras-chave: China; International trade; Growth; Intensive; Extensive margins; Developing countries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6239

Fischer, Christian; Gil-Alana, Luis A..

This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism...

THE DYNAMICS OF AGRI-FOOD TRADE PATTERNS - THE HUNGARIAN CASE

Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine.; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10049

Ferto, Imre; Hubbard, Lionel J..

We analyse the evolving pattern of Hungary's agri-food trade using recently developed empirical procedures based on the classic Balassa index and its symmetric transformation. The extent of trade specialisation exhibits a declining trend; Hungary lost comparative advantage for a number of product groups over the 1990s. The indices of specialisation have also tended to converge. For particular product groups, the picture is mixed: indices are reasonably stable for product groups with comparative disadvantage, but those with weak to strong comparative advantage show significant variation. The results reinforce the finding of a general decrease in specialisation, but do not support the idea of self-reinforcing mechanisms, emphasised strongly in much of the...

A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL, QUARTERLY AND MONTHLY TURKEY EXPORT MODELS

Palavras-chave: International trade; Revealed comparative advantage; Hungary; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25851

Colyer, Dale.

Structural time series models of turkey exports were estimated using monthly, quarterly and annual data. The trend is statistically significant in all three models, seasonals are significant in the quarterly and monthly models. Exchange rates, lagged prices, and lagged production were explanatory factors in the monthly model; exchange rates and prices in the quarterly model; but only the exchange rates in the annual model.

Development of a Partial Equilibrium Model of the EU Agriculture using Positivistic Mathematical Programming

Palavras-chave: Turkey exports; International trade; Structural time series; International Development.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19106

Yates, C.M.; Rehman, Tahir.

In order to respond to the current pressures on agriculture in the EU, the industry will have to go through fundamental structural change. Economic modelling provides the framework for understanding such changes. Mathematical programming is probably the most robust of all the modelling approaches notwithstanding several criticisms of the technique. Economists have long understood that profit maximisation is not the only objective of farmers. Although there are techniques to incorporate other objectives there does not exist a statistically rigorous method for estimating an appropriate objective functions. This problem also occurs at national and international levels of aggregation. This paper presents a new approach to modelling national and international...

Outward-Orientation and Development: Are Revisionists Right?

Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Positivistic mathematical programming; Partial equilibrium; International trade; Policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24878

Srinivasan, T.N.; Bhagwati, Jagdish.

The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the auspices of OECD, NBER and World Bank. These studies played a critical role in shifting policies in several developing countries away from the IS strategy. Recently there has been a proliferation of cross country regressions as a methodology of analysis of issues relating to growth, trade and other issues. Both proponents (e.g. Sachs and Warner (1995)) and opponents (Rodriguez and Rodrik (1999)) of the view that openness to trade is linked to higher growth have...

Unprotected Resources and Voracious World Markets

Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Economic development; Economic growth; International trade; Openness; Import substitution; Export promotion; Cross-country regressions; International Development; E13; F11; F14; F43; 041; 057.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28476

Margolis, Michael; Shogren, Jason F..

The Theory of the Second Best implies that any country with less-than-ideal resources can lose from international trade. Recently it has been suggested this means the South (poor countries) are better off suppressing trade with the North, especially trade in natural resource products, since the North has better developed rights to protect its natural resources. Here we show that the suppression of such trade may also impede the development of property rights in the South, but that even taking this into account, trade liberalization need not improve Southern welfare. We find that within a cone of world prices on the boundary of which lies the South's autarky price vector, welfare losses still occur even when local governments in the South make optimal...

An analysis of trade related international regulations of genetically modified food and their effects on developing countries

Palavras-chave: International trade; Property rights; Natural resources; Environment; Second best; Institutional change; Development; International Relations/Trade; F02; F10; F18; K11; O10; O19.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10635

TECHNOLOGICAL SPILLOVERS -- THE ARGUMENT FOR TRADE?

Gruere, Guillaume P..

This paper reviews current trade-related regulations of genetically modified (GM) food and discusses their effects on developing countries. There is a large heterogeneity in current import approval and marketing policies of GM food worldwide. At the international level, the harmonization efforts are led by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the World Trade Organization. While internationally harmonized guidelines for safety approval have been finalized, we show that there is no clear consensus on labeling regulations for GM food, and there is an increasing risk of conflicts among international agreements. We analyze the GM food regulations of two large rich importers, Japan and the European Union (EU) and discuss...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; Developing countries; Biotechnology; Biosafety; Trade regulation; Labeling; International trade; Tariff; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55422

Czap, Hans J..

This paper examines the validity of anti-trade arguments that are based on the absence of technological spillovers. Results of a pooled cross-section time-series analysis for developing countries fail to support the existence of technological spillovers. Findings of learning-by-doing effects indicate that protectionism might be beneficial under certain circumstances.

The Nature of the Relationship between International Tourism and International Trade: The Case of German Imports of Spanish Wine

Palavras-chave: Development; International trade; Technological spillovers; Protectionism; International Development; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20017

Fischer, Christian; Gil-Alana, Luis A..

Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Protection Induce More Bilateral Trade? Evidence from China's Imports

Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25341

Awokuse, Titus O.; Yin, Hong.

Most of the previous studies on the effect of IPR protection on international trade have been from the perspective of major industrialized nations. However, much of the current debate on the effects of IPR protection involves large developing countries with high threat of imitation. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the impact of the strengthening of patent laws in China on its bilateral trade flows. We estimate the effects of patent rights protection on China’s imports at the aggregate and detailed product categories for both OECD (developed) and non-OECD (developing) countries. The empirical results suggest that increased patent rights protection stimulate China’s imports, particularly in the knowledge-intensive product categories....

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector

Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Patent laws; International trade; International Relations/Trade; F13; 034.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6143

Muhammad, Andrew; D'Souza, Anna; Amponsah, William A..

Abstract: We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.

The Economics of Terrestrial Invasive Species: A Review of the Literature

Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

Efeitos de acordos comerciais sobre o setor de carne bovina no Mercosul

Olson, Lars J..

This paper reviews the literature on the economics of invasive species management as it applies to invasive species in general and terrestrial invasive species in particular. The paper summarizes a number of recent studies that assign values to the economic impact of terrestrial invasive species on a national scale. This is followed by a review of the economic literature on control and prevention of a biological invasion and the literature on international trade and trade policy with invasive species. The paper then reviews selected studies on terrestrial invasive plants, animals, and microbes, respectively.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Terrestrial invasive species; Prevention; Control; International trade; Bioeconomic; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10181

Grundling, Roberta Dalla Porta; Waquil, Paulo Dabdab.

This paper discusses the perspectives to production, exports, imports, prices and welfare levels (producer surplus and consumer surplus) to the beef sector in the MERCOSUR facing some scenarios of tariffs reductions at the multilateral and regional levels. We use a Spatial Allocation Model formulated as a Mixed Complementarity Problem. We got a base scenario for the world markets, and then we simulated scenarios with reductions of tariffs. In the base scenario, MERCOSUR and Oceania are exporters and the other regions produce for domestic consumption, and some of them are importers. When we analyze the aggregate welfare level in MERCOSUR, the multilateral free trade is the scenario that brings the highest benefits.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beef; Mercosur; International trade; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54148

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN EQUILIBRIUM AND INTEGRATION IN MARKETS ANALYSIS

Li, Jau-Rong; Barrett, Christopher B..

This paper introduces a new market analysis methodology based on maximum likelihood estimation of a mixture distribution model incorporating price, transfer cost, and trade flow data. Not only does this method obviate statistical problems associated with conventional price analysis methods, it also permits differentiation between market integration and competitive market equilibrium. The model generates estimates of the frequency of alternative regimes, combinations of which provide useful, intuitive measures of intermarket tradability, competitive market equilibrium, perfect integration, segmented equilibrium, and segmented disequilibrium. An application to trade in soybean meal among Pacific Rim economies demonstrates the usefulness of the method.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FOOD SAFETY: ECONOMIC THEORY AND CASE STUDIES

Palavras-chave: International trade; Law of one price; Market integration; Spatial equilibrium; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14607

The Changing Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantages of Asian and Latin American Manufacture Exports

Food safety regulations and the perception of risk are different among countries. This can lead to persistent trade frictions and even reduce food trade. These differences may also lead to increased dialogue between countries, with improved food safety systems the result. Although little disruption to trade has occurred for food safety reasons (considering the total volume of food trade), trade issues or crises related to food safety are wide ranging. These issues and crises challenge policymakers and industries to both protect domestic food supplies and nurture international markets. Meanwhile, consumers in developed countries are demanding safer food. Risk reduction measures and quality certification programs can not only pre-empt food safety crises,...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food safety; International trade; Regulation; Salmonella; BSE; Produce; Seafood; Trade liberalization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33941

Bender, Siegfried; Li, Kui-Wai.

Changes in comparative advantage should reflect changes in factor endowment, but increasingly, changes in trade policies also affect a regions trade performance. Based on the arguments in Balassas stages of comparative advantage thesis, this paper looks at the performance of manufacture exports in a number of Asian and Latin American economies over the period 1981-1997 and examines the revealed comparative advantage indices between economies in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Although the RCA measurement may not distinguish between the factor endowment effects from the trade policy effect, we argue that RCA measures provide indication on the movement in a regions comparative advantage. The evidence strongly suggests that despite the strong...

The Impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination Policy in Importing Countries on U.S. Swine Meat Exports

Palavras-chave: International trade; Revealed comparative advantage; Manufacture exports; International Relations/Trade; F14.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28478

Yang, Shang-Ho; Saghaian, Sayed H.; Reed, Michael R..

Our previous research found that FMD Outbreaks in foreign countries have a significant positive influence on U.S. swine meat exports. However, not all of these FMD-affected countries adopted the same treatment policy to ease domestic FMD issues. This study proposes a gravity model with fixed-effect regressions to analyze the effects of FMD in countries that import U.S. swine meat. Annual trade data for seventeen countries are used in this study. This study confirms that different policies change the results from FMD. FMD-affected countries which adopted a vaccination policy have negative impacts on U.S. swine meat exports, and the estimated results did confirm that these seven countries are still very important swine meat markets for the U.S.