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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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| Dingyuan Tan. |
| Attention is a fundamental function of the human which is important in our daily life. Perceptual load is thought to play an important role in selective attention^1,2^. When perceptual load is high, the distracting information will be kept out of perception and will not affect us. When perceptual load is low, the distracting information will be processed deeply by us and will influence us^3^. However, most of the past research was concerned with binocular attention instead of monocular attention. In spite of the differences such as visual acuity^4^, stereopsis^5,6^ between binocular and monocular vision, there were few reports of their difference regarding to perceptual load which means more items and features in our research. Here we show their difference... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5166/version/1 |
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| Aaron G. Filler. |
| A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/1 |
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| Paul D. McGeoch; David J. Brang; Tao Song; Roland R. Lee; Mingxiong Huang; Vilayanur S. Ramachandran. |
| The question of how the human brain combines disparate sensory inputs to construct a unified body image is of longstanding interest^1,2,3^ . We approached this subject by studying the unusual medical condition of apotemnophilia, in which otherwise mentally normal individuals express the strong and persistent desire for the amputation of a specific healthy limb^4,5,6^ . Here we show using functional brain imaging - magnetoencephalography (MEG) - that the condition is characterised by an absence of activity in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) when the affected limb is touched. When this discovery is combined with our earlier finding of a simultaneous increase in skin conductance response (SCR) on touching the affected limb^7^ , which reflects... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2954/version/1 |
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| Sachin S. Talathi; Dong-Uk Hwang; William Ditto; Mark Spano; Hector Sepulveda; Tom Mareci; Paul Carney. |
| A fine balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition governs the physiological state of the brain. It has been hypothesized that when this balance is lost as a result of excessive excitation or reduced inhibition, pathological states such as epilepsy emerge. Decades of investigation have shown this to be true in vitro. However, in vivo evidence of the emerging imbalance during the "latent period" between the initiation of injury and the expression of the first spontaneous behavioral seizure has not been demonstrated. Here, we provide the first demonstration of this emerging imbalance between excitation and inhibition in vivo by employing long term, high temporal resolution, and continuous local field recordings from microelectrode... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1679/version/1 |
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| I. C. Baianu. |
| There is an urgent need for the early detection of diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Cancers in order to enable their successful treatment. Cancer is the second major cause of death after Heart Disease, and AD is the third major cause of death with major consequences for the society.
Three major Nuclear Medicine techniques that are established for diagnostic and research purposes are: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) CAT/CT and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI/MRI). These nuclear medicine techniques are discussed together with their clinical and research applications to early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cancers. Novel approaches to early detection and modeling of AD and cancers are then... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6196/version/1 |
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| Maarten A. Bouman. |
| When the frequency of seeing light from a pair of point flashes is beyond the probability summation of the separate flashes, the surplus is due to the successful interaction of subliminal responses from the different flashes. Experiments with various distances and various periods of the pair show thet successful interaction occurs when in each of two successive time-quanta of 0.04 seconds and in each of two adjacent distinct receptor groups at least one subliminal receptor response occurs. An autonomous source produces the time-quanta. It serves the time-processing of the central nervous system and of the motor system. Posdsibly, action potentials from the purkinje cells of the myocardium play a role. Hyper acuity in direction and in depth, flicker fusion,... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4663/version/1 |
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| I Baianu. |
| There is an urgent need for the early detection of diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Cancers in order to enable their successful treatment. Cancer is the second major cause of death after Heart Disease, and AD is the third major cause of death with major, human and financial/economics trillion dollar consequences for the society. Nuclear Medicine is concerned with applications in Medicine of Nuclear Science and Engineering techniques and knowledge. Three major Nuclear Medicine techniques that are established for diagnostic and research purposes are: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and CAT/CT, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI/MRI). However, these three techniques have also major limitations in terms of either cost or image... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Genetics & Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6273/version/1 |
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| André Valente; Jorge Sousa; Tiago Outeiro; Lino Ferreira. |
| A transcriptome-wide blood expression dataset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and controls was analyzed under the hypothesis-rich mathematical framework. The analysis pointed towards differential expression in blood cells in many of the processes known or predicted to be disrupted in PD. We suggest that circulating blood cells in PD patients can be in a full-blown PD-expression state. We put forward the hypothesis that sporadic PD can originate as a case of hematopoietic stem cell/differentiation process expression program defect and suggest this research direction deserves further investigation. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4263/version/1 |
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| Björn Brembs. |
| Learning about the consequences of our actions (operant learning) is one of the major ways in which we learn to understand the world we live in. Despite our recent advances in the neurobiology of learning and memory, this “learning-by-doing” has largely withstood neurobiological scrutiny. This proposal aims to elucidate the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms of spontaneous behavioral choice and how decision-making is modulated by the consequences of such actions. This research will be done in a genetically amenable model system, the fruit fly Drosophila. We will use state-of-the-art genetic and behavioral techniques to identify the circuitry and molecular processes involved in generating spontaneous turning behavior and its... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2926/version/1 |
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| Andrei Gorea; Lukasz Grzeczkowski; Delphine Rider. |
| Empirical studies having addressed the free-will issue suffer from controversial methodologies and interpretations. We present a new paradigm involving a synchronization task where the time interval to synchronize with is randomly within and without subject's synchronization capabilities and ask subjects to retrospectively evaluate (Q1) which of the two occurred or (Q2) whether their motor response had had been reactive/speeded or delayed. Contrary to the non-FW view, Q1-judgments correlate with the actual duration of the synchronization interval rather than with subjects's motor response latencies. Instead of postidictively reshuffling their judgment to make it match the outcome of their actions, subjects preserve the causal chain of... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4633/version/1 |
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| Keith M. Kendrick; Yang Zhan; Hanno Fischer; Alister U. Nicol; Xuejuan Zhang; Jianfeng Feng. |
| How coupled brain rhythms influence cortical information processing to support learning is unresolved. Local field potential and neuronal activity recordings from 64- electrode arrays in sheep inferotemporal cortex showed that visual discrimination learning increased the amplitude of theta oscillations during stimulus presentation. Coupling between theta and gamma oscillations, the theta/gamma ratio and the regularity of theta phase were also increased, but not neuronal firing rates. A neural network model with fast and slow inhibitory interneurons was developed which generated theta nested gamma. By increasing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor sensitivity similar learning-evoked changes could be produced. The model revealed that altered theta nested gamma... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3151/version/2 |
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| Yosef Cohen; Jeremiah Cohen. |
| Ours, is the first application of dynamical evolutionary games to decision making in neuroscience. Firing neurons are the players. The strategy is their firing rate. Neurons with equal firing rates define a population. The neurons do not know the rules of the game, they do not know what the reward is, they are not required to be rational and they do not even know they are playing the game. Interactions are inhibitory. The theory confirms experimental data about decision making in vision: (i ) A parameter of the game model determines how many populations of neurons participate in the decision; (ii ) the solution of the game dictates how many loci in the brain participate in the decision; (iii ) the theory clarifies the difference between ultimate and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3373/version/1 |
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| Andre Almeida; Hamed Celaymanian; Natalie Seel; Boris Zak; Hamid R. Noori. |
| It has already been demonstrated that the body responds to enhanced intake of sugar and is conducive to a natural form of addiction. There are substantial neurochemical changes in the brain (especially dopamine and acetylcholine systems) similar to other addictive drugs. A mathematical model comprised by a system of delayed leaky integrate-and-re equations is established to simulate the effects of sugar on a reward-circuitry. Simulations with Neuron suggest agreement with the neurobiological hypotheses of hyperactivity of neural systems due to binge sugar intake. |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5546/version/2 |
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| Christopher Exley; Emily House; Joanna F. Collingwood; Mark R. Davidson; Danielle Cannon; Athene M. Donald. |
| Several amyloid-forming proteins and peptides, including insulin^1^, [beta]-lactoglobulin^2^ and albumin^3^, form spherulites in vitro under non-physiological solution conditions. These micrometer-sized, roughly spherical structures are composed of ordered arrays of [beta] sheets of amyloid fibrils in radial arrangements which, characteristically, show a typical Maltese cross pattern of light extinction under the polarizing microscope. The physiological significance, if any, of these amyloid super assemblies is unknown although in Alzheimer's disease there is the suggestion that senile plaques composed primarily of [beta] sheets of A[beta]~42~ are spherulitic^4^. Herein we describe the first observation of the formation in vitro of spherulites of... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3982/version/1 |
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| Ravi K. R. Kalathur; Kamesh Ayasolla; Matthias E. Futschik. |
| Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease with fatal outcome. Although the disease-causing gene (huntingtin) has been known for some time, the exact cause of neuronal cell death is still unknown. One potential mechanism contributing to the massive loss of neurons in the brain of HD patients might be the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). As an adaptive response to counter-balance accumulation of un- or misfolded proteins, the UPR upregulates transcription of chaperones, temporarily attenuates new translation, and activates protein degradation via the proteasome. However, it is known that persistent ER stress and activated UPR can... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7145/version/1 |
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| Lars Chittka; Daniel Osorio. |
| Many palatable insects, for example hoverflies, deter predators by mimicking well-defended insects such as wasps. However, for human observers, these flies often seem to be little better than caricatures of wasps – their visual appearance and behaviour are easily distinguishable. This imperfect mimicry baffles evolutionary biologists, because one might expect natural selection to do a more thorough job. Here we discuss two types of cognitive processes that might explain why mimics distinguishable mimics might enjoy increased protection from predation. Speed accuracy tradeoffs in predator decision making might give imperfect mimics sufficient time to escape, and predators under time constraint might avoid time-consuming discriminations between... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1258/version/1 |
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| Tomáš Hromádka. |
| This thesis is divided into six chapters (following Introduction). Each chapter was intended to be self-contained, so they do not have to be read in the order they are presented. 

Second chapter (Sec. 2) contains a detailed description of experimental techniques: surgery, recording, and training techniques we used in awake head-fixed rats. We have also included a detailed description of all sets of stimuli we used to probe neurons, analytical methods used to analyze data, and description of computational models used in other parts of the thesis.

Third chapter (Sec. 3) focuses on description of single-neuron responses in primary auditory cortex of awake head-fixed rats. The primary... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2464/version/1 |
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| David B. Kastner; Yusuf Ozuysal; Stephen A. Baccus. |
| Recently we have described a population of retinal ganglion cells that increase their sensitivity after the presentation of a high contrast stimulus. This process, termed contrast sensitization is a form of short-term information storage that enables ganglion cells to store the location of a previously moving object for several seconds. Effectively, sensitizing ganglion cells make a prediction that the location of a strong stimulus at one point in time will continue to be important in the near future, even after the strong stimulus ceases. To understand how the retina can paradoxically increase its sensitivity in the face of a strong stimulus, we recorded intracellularly from sensitizing ganglion cells, and found that a depolarization of the baseline... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5881/version/1 |
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| Wanchung(Wanjiung) Hu. |
| Parkinson’s disease is a very common neurodegenerative disorder. Patients usually undergo destruction of substantia nigra to develop typical symptoms such as resting tremor, hypokinesia, and rigidity. However, the exact mechanism of Parkinson’s disease is still unknown, so it is called idiopathic Parkinsonism. According to my microarray analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes and substantia nigra brain tissue, I propose that Parkinson’s disease is actually a TH17 dominant autoimmune disease. The autoantigen is mainly alpha-synuclein. After knowing the exact disease pathophysiology, we can develop better drugs to prevent or control the detrimental disorder. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6176/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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