SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

A GERAÇÃO DE EXTERNALIDADES E O PROCESSO DE RECICLAGEM: A APLICAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA DA ANÁLISE DO CICLO DE VIDA COMO FERRAMENTA GERENCIAL

Michael, Jeffrey A..

The quantity of paper recycled in the U.S. has more than doubled since 1985. International trade theory predicts that this will lead to reduced imports of paper, and a shift in domestic production toward waste paper intensive outputs (e.g., newsprint) and away from higher grade products such as printing/writing paper. Import demand elasticities with respect to input prices were estimated for newsprint, printing/writing, and all paper utilizing 20 years of monthly data. The empirical results confirm the predictions of theory, and illustrate a channel through which recycling may be more beneficial for U.S. industry than the domestic environment.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Import demand; Paper industry; Pollution; Recycling; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15086

Souza, Roberta Fernanda Da Paz De.

A expansão dos níveis de produção perseguidos atualmente com vistas à elevação dos níveis de emprego e renda gerados pela economia e a manutenção dos padrões de consumo demandados pela sociedade fazem com que haja uma crescente pressão sobre os recursos naturais. A análise dos processos e produtos gerados pelas indústrias tornaria viável adoção de medidas capazes de obter resultados mais eficientes. Para possibilitar tais análises, têm sido desenvolvidos diversos conceitos teóricos e métodos que visam a melhoria do processo produtivo. O conceito de externalidades e o método de Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) fazem parte desse arcabouço. A partir de sua aplicação, tornam-se possíveis a adoção de medidas que busquem a utilização sustentável dos recursos...

The Determinants of Household Recycling: A Material Specific Analysis of Recycling Program Features and Unit Pricing

Palavras-chave: Externalidades; Análise do Ciclo de Vida; Reciclagem; Externalities; Life Cycle Analysis; Recycling; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113191

Jenkins, Robin R.; Martinez, Salvador A.; Palmer, Karen L.; Podolsky, Michael J..

This paper examines the impact of two popular solid waste programs on the percent recycled of several different materials found in the residential solid waste stream. We examine a unique, national, household-level data set containing information on the percent recycled of five different materials: glass bottles, plastic bottles, aluminum, newspaper, and yard waste. We find that access to curbside recycling has a significant and substantial positive effect on the percentage recycled of all five materials and that the level of this effect varies across different materials. The length of the recycling program's life has a significant and positive effect on two of the five materials and a mandatory recycling requirement does not affect any materials. The level...

A Flexible Inventory Model for MSW Recycling

Palavras-chave: Solid waste; Recycling; Unit pricing; Incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H31.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10798

Louis, Garrick; Shih, Jhih-Shyang.

Most of the United States have laws mandating the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW). In order to comply, municipalities recycle quotas of materials, without regard to fluctuating prices. An inventory system is proposed that allows municipalities to be sensitive to materials prices as they recycle in accordance with state mandates. A dynamic model is developed; it uses historical secondary material prices as exogenous inputs to minimize the net present value of MSW recycling system cost. The model provides a cost-effective method for municipalities to achieve their MSW recycling targets. The savings is approximately $1.43 per ton of MSW generated based on total MSW management costs of $13.5 per ton. The model also allows one to investigate the...

How Local Governments Structure Contracts with Private Firms: Economic Theory and Evidence on Solid Waste and Recycling Contracts

Palavras-chave: Municipal solid waste; Recycling; Inventory; Optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10459

Walls, Margaret.

Solid waste management services are contracted out to private firms in many U.S. communities. Household waste collection, transport, and disposal are relatively straightforward services to define within the terms of a contract. The addition of recycling, however, significantly complicates matters. How should contracts be structured to provide incentives for recycling? Who should own key facilities, such as recyclable materials processing facilities? Should a separate contract for processing and sale of materials be used, or should these services be provided by government employees or purely private markets? These questions are addressed in this study using the principal-agent framework and the theory of incomplete contracts in economics. I explain stylized...

The Role of Economics in Extended Producer Responsibility: Making Policy Choices and Setting Policy Goals

Palavras-chave: Incentive contracts; Asset specificity; Principal-agent models; Waste collection; Recycling; Environmental Economics and Policy; L33; L14; Q2.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10707

Walls, Margaret.

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) embodies the notion that producers should be made physically or financially responsible for the environmental impacts their products have at the end of product life. The EPR concept has taken hold in Europe and is garnering wide interest in the United States, where a variant known as "shared product responsibility" or "product stewardship" is usually the preferred approach. There are several policy instruments that are consistent with EPR-product take-back mandates, advance disposal fees, deposit-refunds, recycled content standards, and more. The EPR concept itself, however, provides little guidance about which of these instruments might be appropriate under particular conditions and for particular products. Moreover,...

More water for everything? The problem of bogus water savings in northern Victoria, Australia

Palavras-chave: EPR; Recycling; Design for environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q2; H2.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10855

Gyles, Oliver.

The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) spent the latter decades of the 20th century fully integrating the surface and sub-surface drainage systems with the water distribution network in northern Victoria, thereby enabling complete recycling of outfalls, leaks and seepage from its channels. Yet in 2007, in repudiation of this recycling capacity, DSE announced a multibillion dollar modernisation project it claims will “create” 450 GL of “new water” by reducing “inefficiencies” in the channel distribution system. Examination of the northern Victorian irrigation supply system shows it was fully integrated with more than adequate recycling capacity before the project began. In a classic case of double counting, DSE was already...

Sequencing Renewables: Groundwater, Recycled Water, and Desalination

Palavras-chave: Double counting; Opportunity cost; Real water savings; Recycling; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101226

Roumasset, James A.; Wada, Christopher.

Optimal recycling of minerals can be thought of as an integral part of the theory of the mine. In this paper, we consider the role that wastewater recycling plays in the optimal extraction of groundwater, a renewable resource. We develop a two-sector dynamic optimization model to solve for the optimal trajectories of groundwater extraction and water recycling. For the case of spatially increasing recycling costs, recycled water serves as a supplemental resource in transition to the steady state. For constant unit recycling cost, recycled wastewater is eventually used as a sector-specific backstop for agricultural users, while desalination supplements household groundwater in the steady state. In both cases, recycling water increases welfare by shifting...

A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems

Palavras-chave: Renewable resources; Dynamic optimization; Groundwater allocation; Wastewater reuse; Recycling; Reclamation; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; C6.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103753

Mekala, Gayathri Devi; Davidson, Brian; Samad, Madar; Boland, Anne-Maree.

Use of un-treated/partially treated wastewater for irrigation in the dry countries of Asia and Africa and recycling of treated wastewater in the water scarce developed countries has become a common practice due to various reasons. While the lack of wastewater treatment to appropriate levels before use is a major problem in developing countries, the high cost of wastewater recycling is the major problem in developed countries. The current paper is part of a doctoral research and presents the conceptual framework for the research and the methodology that can be used to tackle the problems associated with wastewater recycling.

Economics of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling: An Investigation of Conceptual Issues

Palavras-chave: Water reuse; Wastewater; Recycling; Pricing; Water allocation; Cost benefit analysis; Wastewater irrigation; Developing countries; Developed countries; Case studies; India; Australia; Hyderabad; Melbourne; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Production Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46387

Devi, Mekala Gayathri; Davidson, Brian; Boland, Anne-Maree.

In the context of continuous droughts, the search for alternative water sources and increasing environmental restrictions on discharge of treated wastewater into natural water bodies, treated wastewater recycling offers a potential solution. In this paper the methods needed to assess the questions - to what extent treated wastewater can complement the existing water sources in different sectors and at what cost - are discussed? It was concluded that a comparative Benefit Cost Analysis of different combinations of uses and treatment levels would be a critical component in the development of a decision support tool which could be used by urban planners and water authorities. It was also found that community acceptance of recycled water, distribution of costs...

Nutrient leaching potential following application of papermill lime-sludge to an acidic clay soil

Palavras-chave: Wastewater; Recycling; Water quality; Pricing; Allocation; Urban design; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9461

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Vettorazzo,S. C.; Amaral,F. C. S.; Chitolina,J. C..

This experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with soil pots during 210 days, to evaluate the effect of calcitic papermill lime-sludge application (at the rates 0, 773, 1.547, and 2.320 mg kg-1 or respective equivalents to control, 2, 4, and 6 t ha-1), on chemical composition of soil leachate and its effects on eucalypt growth and yield. Highest soil leachate pH, SO4, and Na concentrations occurred in the 4 and 6 t ha-1 treatments. Soil leachate nitrate concentrations decreased with increasing lime-sludge rate. Soil leachate phosphate remained low (below the detection limit) in all treatments until 120 days, while the concentration increased in the lime-sludge treatments at 210 days (last sampling) in about 600 mg L-1. Lime-sludge decreased...

Growth of eucalyptus rooted cuttings in toxic organic waste compost of textile industry

Palavras-chave: Eucalypt; Industrial residue; Soil fertility; Mineral nutrition; Sodium; Recycling.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832001000300025

AGRIAMBI

Souza,Priscila F. de; Grazziotti,Danielle C. F. S.; Grazziotti,Paulo H.; Fernandes,Luiz A.; Silva,Enilson de B.; Gandini,Andrezza M. M..

ABSTRACTBiodegradation techniques may help contaminated organic wastes to become useful for plant production. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of composting in the biodegradation of toxic residues from the textile industry and its use as substrate in saplings production. Cotton cloths contaminated with oil and grease, used in loom maintenance, were composted in a mixture with cattle manure. The composted material replaced coconut fiber in the substrate for the production of eucalyptus rooted cuttings: mixture of vermiculite, carbonized rice husk and coconut fiber in the ratio of 2:1:1 (v/v) and using it as control. Thus, the amount of rice husks remained unchanged and the amount of vermiculite and compost varied. The compost proportion in...

Industrial processing o ffishes, shrimps, mussles and oysters in a cooperative system

Palavras-chave: Composting; Biodegradation; Recycling; Sustainability; Substrates.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662015000900829

MV&Z

Espíndola Filho, Antonio; Oetterer, Marília; Assis, Alair.

The objective of this study was to create new products using fish residues as well as to reduce environmental pollution, thus preventing the waste of nutrients, reduction of costs involved in the animal feed production chain and in organic agriculture, to be indirectly used as human food. With added value and increased food safety, these new products can be used as supplements for traditional fish meals, resulting in an immediate reduction in the importation of this ingredient essential for agribusiness. Results showed that the resulting organic meals have low production cost and high biological value regarding essential amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, providing an alternative to solve the environment problem related to fish residues.

Productive characteristics of maize hybrids at different cutting heights for silage and organic matter and mineral rates in post-harvest residues - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i2.16642

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Fish silage; Recycling; Aquiculture; Residues agroindústria; Silagem de peixe; Reciclagem; Aqüicultura; Resíduos.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/3344

Animal Sciences

Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Oliveira, Fabio Cortez Leite de; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Bumbieris Junior, Valter Harrys; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Silva, Michele Simili da; Universidade Estadual de Londrina.

Current trial evaluated yield, organic matter and mineral composition of the residual harvest of five maize hybrids at three cutting heights (15, 35 and 55 cm). The experimental design consisted of a randomized block split plot with three replications. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, MS, MM and MO in the samples were evaluated. No difference among hybrids occurred in stem diameter (22.4 mm), ear production (8.0 ton DM ha-1), grain harvest index (37.3%) and total forage yield (15.0 ton DM ha-1). Hybrid effect occurred for variables of mineral composition of harvest residues. With the exception of calcium, a rise in cutting height from 15 to 55 cm failed to increase the concentration of minerals in the residue. The amount of organic matter and mineral...

Restrain of birds with bottles of polyethylene terephthalate, tested in red-browed from the Atlantic Forest

Palavras-chave: 5.04.04.01-6 nutrients; Recycling; Corn silage.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/16642

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

Bianchi,M.A.F.; Mello,R.H.; Bianchi,H.; Bermond Júnior,J.L.; Ibrahim,P.A.F..

In wild animals, containment is the moment of greatest stress caused by the investigator to the animal due to its natural resistance to the moment of capture, handling, containment and transport, attitudes frankly contrary to his nature. In birds, the restraint must meet certain criteria in order to control the animal's movements, avoiding trauma at the same time that you need to keep your breathing amplitude. The high risk of death during the restraint of these animals raised the need to design a device, from bottles of poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), for containing parrots-browed Amazon (Amazona rhodocorytha), a parrot endemic to the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and endangered with extinction, which allowed the observation of respiration,...

Zinc, copper and manganese availability in soils treated with alkaline sewage sludge from Paraná state (Brazil)

Palavras-chave: Wild birds; Physical restraint; Stress control; PET; Recycling.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352016000100136

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

Dalpisol,Maristela; Serrat,Beatriz Monte; Motta,Antonio Carlos Vargas; Poggere,Giovana Clarice; Bittencourt,Simone; Barbosa,Julierme Zimmer.

ABSTRACT In Paraná, most of the sludge generated in sewage treatment plants is subjected to the prolonged alkaline stabilization process. Although it is known that the alkaline sewage sludge contains micronutrients such as Zn, Cu and Mn, little is known about the availability of these elements in soils treated with this type of sewage sludge. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of alkaline sewage sludge from Paraná on Zn, Cu and Mn availability in soils. Twenty sewage treatment plants were selected throughout Paraná, where alkaline sewage sludge and the most representative agricultural soil of the each region were collected. Each soil was incubated for 60 days with alkaline sewage sludge rates (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 Mg ha-1) from...