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EX-ANTE EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE CASE OF TRANSGENIC SUGARBEETS AgEcon
Demont, Matty; Tollens, Eric.
We develop a theoretical welfare framework, which explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits. The result is a simulation model, shaped to the European sugar sector, and enabling to assess the size and distribution of the benefits of transgenic sugarbeet adoption in the European Union and the Rest of the World.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20631
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U.S. Universities' Net Returns from Patenting and Licensing: A Quantile Regression Analysis AgEcon
Bulut, Harun; Moschini, GianCarlo.
In line with the rights and incentives provided by the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, U.S. universities have increased their involvement in patenting and licensing activities through their own technology transfer offices. Only a few U.S. universities are obtaining large returns, however, whereas others are continuing with these activities despite negligible or negative returns. We assess the U.S. universities' potential to generate returns from licensing activities by modeling and estimating quantiles of the distribution of net licensing returns conditional on some of their structural characteristics. We find limited prospects for public universities without a medical school everywhere in their distribution. Other groups of universities (private, and public with a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Bayh-Dole Act; Quantile regression; Returns to innovation; Skewed distributions; Technology transfer; University patents; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18441
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Production risk and farm technology adoption in the rain-fed semi-arid lands of Kenya AgEcon
Ogada, Maurice Juma; Nyangena, Wilfred; Yesuf, Mahmud.
This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of production risk on smallholder farmers’ adoption of farm technology, using plot-level data collected from two semi-arid districts in Kenya, Machakos and Taita Taveta. Using Mundlak’s approach (1978), the study found that factors such as yield variability and the risk of crop failures indeed affect technology adoption decisions in low-income, rainfed agriculture. However, the direction and magnitude of effects depend on the farm technology under consideration. The results explain why poor farm households in rainfed and risky production environments are reluctant to adopt new farm technologies that could improve production: it is because the technologies involve enormous downside risks. This result...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Farm productivity; Production risk; Farm technology adoption; Kenya; Farm Management; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93865
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Internet Based Benchmarking AgEcon
Bogetoft, Peter; Nielsen, Kurt.
We discuss the design of interactive, internet based benchmarking using parametric (statistical) as well as non-parametric (DEA) models. The user receives benchmarks and improvement potentials. The user is also given the possibility to search different efficiency frontiers and hereby to explore alternative improvement strategies. An implementation of both a parametric and a non parametric model are presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24215
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Consumers' Preferences for GM Food and Voluntary Information Acquisition: A Simultaneous Choice Analysis AgEcon
Veeman, Michele M.; Hu, Wuyang; Adamowicz, Wiktor L..
Previous research studies directed at the influence of information on consumers' preferences and choices of food in the context of genetically modified (GM) food assume that information is exogenous, in that this is provided to consumers from external sources. Information made available to consumers is also typically treated as being received and processed. Other literature and observation suggests that these two features tend not to apply in practice. Using data from a choice experiment on consumers' choices for genetically modified food in which respondents were able to voluntarily access information, this study allows information to be endogenous; consumers' product choices and information access decisions are examined within a simultaneous choice...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; Information search; Multinomial logit models; Simultaneous modeling.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; Q18; C8.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25786
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Socioeconomic Profiles of Early Adopters of Precision Agriculture Technologies AgEcon
Daberkow, Stan G.; McBride, William D..
Corn producers are the largest users of cropland and agrichemicals in U.S. agriculture, and represent a major market for precision agriculture technologies. Based on a USDA survey of 950 corn-producing farms, approximately 9% utilized some aspect of precision agriculture for corn production in 1996. A logit analysis indicated that farmers were more likely to adopt precision technologies if they farmed a large number of corn acres, earned a sizable farm income, and had high expected corn yields. The probability of adoption was also higher for farm operators using a computerized farm record system, who were less than 50 years of age, and who relied on crop consultants for information on precision agriculture.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Corn farms; Logit analysis; Precision agriculture; Precision farming; Technology adoption; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90442
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TOWARD A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH AgEcon
Lindner, Robert K..
Agricultural economists need to evaluate their own research priorities. The main difficulty in doing so is to value the types of information generated by economic research. Bayesian decision theory provides a framework for valuing information, and the results of selected studies using this methodology are collated. Most of the other determinants of research priorities can be encapsulated in a target return ratio measure. How such a framework might be used is illustrated by three 'hypotheticals'.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22453
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Returns to Investment in Agriculture AgEcon
Haggblade, Steven.
Investment in agriculture is necessary for ensuring rapid economic growth and poverty reduction in Zambia, as elsewhere in Africa. Yet many of the key investments required to accelerate agricultural growth – technological research, rural infrastructure and market standards, organization and enforcement -- are public goods. Because the private sector cannot capture gains from these investments, they will not invest in amounts sufficient to ensure broad-based agricultural growth. Therefore, the public sector needs to provide the necessary research, transport and market infrastructure necessary to stimulate agricultural growth. Zambia currently allocates 6% of government outlays for agriculture. This is less that the 10% commitment Zambia has made under the...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Zambia; Agriculture growth; Public investment; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q19.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54625
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS IN NEBRASKA AgEcon
Megeressa, Dereje B..
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61717
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Analysis of the Method for the Selection of Regions with Concentrated State Aid AgEcon
Krejci, Igor; Voriskova, Andrea.
The paper deals with the analysis of a method used by the Czech Government and the Ministry for Regional Development to select regions with concentrated state aid. It contains a comparison with several different basic methods of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The analysis focuses on a mathematical algorithm of the established MCDM method and does not consider validity of any selected socioeconomic criteria and their weights. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the used MCDM method are presented. The paper includes a simple proposal of the modification of the examined method that will prevent incorrect data normalisation used for region’s evaluation before revision in 2010. Data used for all calculations were obtained from the Ministry for Regional...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: The weighted sum approach; The TOPSIS; Multi-criteria decision-making; Regions with concentrated state aid; District.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96876
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Evaluation, Learning and Change in Research and Development Organizations: Concepts, Experiences, and Implications for the CGIAR AgEcon
Horton, Douglas; Galleno, Viviana; Mackay, Ronald.
2nd edition
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Learning; Evaluation; Change; ISNAR; Research; CGIAR; Development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52540
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Environmental and Natural Resource Economists, Great Research, and the National Science Foundation AgEcon
O'Connor, Robert E..
Environmental and natural resource economists could be more effectively engaged in great re-search on exciting issues in environmental and natural resource management. After identifying possible obstacles to improved research, the article focuses on opportunities and obstacles as-sociated with obtaining funding from the National Science Foundation. Opportunities abound, both ongoing and in the future, for interdisciplinary work involving environmental and natural resource economists. Keys to exploiting these opportunities for funding include a willingness to face rejection, build teams, contact program officers with specific questions, write detailed research designs, and prepare proposals that promise to go beyond narrow incremental advances.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Natural resource economists; National Science Foundation; Research funding opportunities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44734
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Lessons from implementing INFFER with regional catchment management organisations AgEcon
Marsh, Sally P.; Curatolo, April; Pannell, David J.; Park, Geoff; Roberts, Anna M..
Investment in natural resource management (NRM) by regional organisations in Australia has been widely criticised for failing to achieve substantial environmental outcomes. The Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) is a tool for developing and prioritising projects to address environmental issues such as water quality and biodiversity decline, environmental pest impacts and land degradation. It aims to achieve the most valuable environmental outcomes with the available resources. During 2008 and 2009 INFFER has been implemented with a number of catchment management organisations (CMOs) throughout Australia. In this paper, we report on lessons from and implications of this experience. Data on implementation were collected in formal and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59100
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Biotechnology, Intellectual Property and Value Differentiation in Agriculture AgEcon
Goodhue, Rachael E.; Rausser, Gordon C.; Scotchmer, Suzanne; Simon, Leo K..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25083
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North Dakota State University Sunflower Research: A Summary of Selected Research Projects AgEcon
Jacobsen, Roy M.; Sell, Randall S.; Watt, David L..
Sunflower research in North Dakota focuses on variety testing. Additional research has been conducted on cost-effective cultural practices, possible use to produce a red dye food colorant, and the estimated economic impact of banning an insecticide. Variety testing has been conducted at most state experiment sites in North Dakota, including, Casselton Agronomy Seed Farm, Carrington Research Extension Center, Langdon, Minot, Williston, Dickinson, and Hettinger Experiment Stations. A comparison of the impact of conventional tillage and no tillage on sunflower in North Dakota has been conducted at Dickinson Experiment Station and USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan. A large number of diseases and pests may infect sunflower. The North...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51172
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A proposal for measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research AgEcon
Park, Donghyun.
This paper addresses the problem of how to measure the benefits of policy-oriented social science research. It argues that social science research promotes economic efficiency in three different ways—it fosters efficiency in the public sector both directly and through effects on the general public, and it increases the efficiency of the private sector. The paper also proposes a practical empirical methodology for measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research. The proposed methodology includes a three-stage analysis of a cross-section of countries. The relationship between research and policy is estimated first. Then an estimate is made of the relationship between policy and economic growth. Finally, these estimates are used to deduce...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48292
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Beyond semi-dwarf wheat yield increases: impacts on the Australian wheat industry of on-going spillovers from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center AgEcon
Brennan, John P..
Wheat genetic materials developed from research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico for developing countries have provided spillover benefits to Australia. Varieties developed from those genetic materials have resulted in yield increases in Australia. While the initial impact came through the introduction of higher-yielding semi-dwarf wheat crops, those impacts have continued in the post-semidwarf period. CIMMYT’s success in developing countries has also reduced the world price for wheat. While the lower prices affect returns in Australia, the increased yields in Australia from the CIMMYT spillovers from both the semi-dwarfs and the postsemidwarf phases have provided benefits to Australia averaging A $30 million per...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: R&D evaluation; R&D policy; Spillovers; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118519
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Editors' Report - February 7, 2011 AgEcon
Marchant, Mary A.; Bosch, Darrell J..
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113516
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Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation AgEcon
Guerrero, Bridget L.; Amosson, Stephen H.; Marek, Thomas H.; Johnson, Jeffrey W..
High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Electricity; Irrigation; Natural gas; Wind energy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q20; Q42.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90680
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MODELING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT INTRODUCTIONS AgEcon
DeVuyst, Eric A.; Koo, Won W.; DeVuyst, Cheryl Sinn; Taylor, Richard D..
Planned introductions of genetically modified crop varieties can be troublesome to model. Estimation of demand and supply equations is not feasible due to lack of data. Further, specifying demand and supply equations requires calibration to a presumed equilibrium. Depending on the point chosen, highly questionable results may be obtained. We propose a model that uses existing supply, demand, and elasticity estimates. The approach relies on composite supply and demand functions. These composite functions are linear combinations of GM and non-GM varieties. We then employ this approach in a model of world wheat trade to analyze the impact of several plausible GM wheat adoption and consumer acceptability scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International trade; Genetically modified organisms; Producer surplus; Consumer surplus; Welfare; Transportation cost; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23550
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