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Does Price or Income Affect Organic Choice? Analysis of U.S. Fresh Produce Users AgEcon
Smith, Travis A.; Huang, Chung L.; Lin, Biing-Hwan.
This study analyzes consumer purchasing behavior of organic fresh fruits and vegetables using the 2006 Nielsen Homescan panel. An ordered logit model was estimated to quantify the impacts of economic and socio-demographic factors on the probability of a household belonging to a specific organic user group—devoted, casual, or nonuser. Results suggest that price and income, to some extent, affect consumer purchases of organic produce. Additionally, the profile of an organic produce user is most likely to consist of an Hispanic household residing in the Western United States with children under 6 years old and a household head older than 54 years with at least a college degree.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Nielsen Homescan data; Ordered logit; Organic fruits and vegetables; User groups; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C25; D12; M31; Q11.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56659
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THE INFLUENCES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA, BSE, AND H1N1 INFLUENZA ON ATTITUDINAL CHANGES IN MEAT SAFETY ISSUES AgEcon
Hsu, Jane Lu; Liu, Kang Ernest; Lee, Hwang-Jaw; Huang, Min-Hsin; Hung, Kelsey Jing-Ru.
Consumption patterns for chicken and eggs have changed since the outbreak of the H5N1 avian influenza (AI) throughout the world, but its potential impact on demand has not been thoroughly unveiled. Our study examines some important factors influencing behavioral changes and estimates their marginal effects by employing the censored regression model to survey data in Taiwan. Results showed that risk perceptions, overall knowledge and some socio-demographic characteristics were profound in determining changes in consumption of chicken and eggs. Public health education programs informing consumers about the AI threat may reduce their negative perceptions; therefore, consumption of chicken and eggs would not be decreased significantly enough to damage related...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Knowledge; Risk perceptions; Censored regression model; Taiwan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C21; D12; M30.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116405
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Food Calorie Intake and Food Security under Grain Price Inflation: Evidence from Malawi AgEcon
Pan, Suwen; Fang, Cheng; Sanogo, Issa; Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M..
A comprehensive analysis of food demand and nutrient consumption using recent, representative household survey data from Malawi is presented. Expenditure and price elasticities have been estimated for 20 food groups using a quadratic almost ideal demand system based on 4 income groups identified by the Goldfeld-Quandt tests. Although the current boom of maize price provides an opportunity to rethink development strategies that diversify the commodity sectors, developing countries will not necessarily benefit from this change absent significant improvements in production capacities and trade infrastructures. Malawi is likely to suffer from higher commodity prices in the short-run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Goldfeld-Quandt tests; A quadratic almost ideal demand system; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; D12; O13; R21; R31; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103266
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Non-Farm Rural Activities (NFRA) in a Peasant Economy: The Case of the North Peruvian Sierra AgEcon
Velazco, Jackeline.
Is it feasible to increase income and generate employment in the context of a traditional labour intensive rural industry with strong linkages to an agriculturally backward economy? In order to address this issue, primary data from four villages of Peruvian North Sierra was used. The case of the hat making activity, employing exclusively family labour, purchasing the main input (straw, paja de palma) from Ecuador, and with consumers concentrated on villages and small towns, was investigated. The analysis was made at the market level. Considering the context of a self-employment activity, a theoretical framework was developed to explain the determinants of labour demand, input demand, hat output and labour return. Demand and supply constraints to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Non-farm rural activities; Self-employment activity; Peasant economy; Peru; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D12; D21; Q12..
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25817
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Food Prices and Blood Cholesterol AgEcon
Rahkovsky, Ilya; Gregory, Christian A..
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cost Americans hundreds in billions of dollars. High cholesterol levels, which are closely related to diet habits, are a major contributor to CVD. In this paper we study whether changes in food prices are related to cholesterol levels and whether taxes or subsidies of particular foods would be effective in lowering cholesterol levels and, consequently, CVD costs. We find that prices of vegetables, processed foods, and whole milk and whole grains significantly affect the blood cholesterol levels. Having analyzed the costs and benefits of government interventions, we find that a subsidy of vegetables and whole grains would be the most efficient way to reduce CVD expenditures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cholesterol; CVD; Cardio-vascular; Food prices; Health; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D04; D12; D62; H23; I19; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103566
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APPLYING A METHOD OF PAIRED COMPARISONS TO MEASURE ECONOMIC VALUES FOR MULTIPLE GOODS SETS AgEcon
Rosenberger, Randall S.; Peterson, George L.; Loomis, John B..
A method of paired comparison is adapted for use in estimating economic measures of value. The method elicits multiple binary choices for paired items in a choice set. Probability distributions and economic values are estimated nonparametrically and parametrically. The method is applied in an experimental context with a choice set composed of four private goods and several sums of money. The sample's median value estimtes for the goods are generally not different than the market prices for these goods. People who are in the market for a good value it higher than those not in the market for the good.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Alternative gains; Economic valuation; Hypothetical market; Paired comparisons; Stated choice method; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C51; C80; D12; Q26.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15516
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The Impact Of Socio-Demographic Factors And Political Perceptions On Consumer Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Foods: An Econometric Investigation AgEcon
Antonopoulou, Lina; Papadas, Christos T.; Targoutzidis, Antonis.
This survey-based paper investigates the impact of socio-demographic factors, along with political perceptions, as expressed by attitudes towards globalization, on consumer attitudes towards GM foods, in Greece. Different aspects of consumer attitudes regarding GM foods are examined, such as general preference, banning, labeling, intention to purchase them at a sufficiently low price, the nutritional category of food product and the proximity of the genetic modification to the final product. Econometric analysis using Logit and Probit models was conducted. Estimates clearly show that in general, attitudes towards GM foods are not affected by socio-demographic characteristics. However, political perceptions are a significant influential factor.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Globalization; Political; Genetically modified food; Econometric; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; M31; R22.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58062
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European Union Import Demand for In-Shell Peanuts AgEcon
Boonsaeng, Tullaya; Fletcher, Stanley M.; Carpio, Carlos E..
This paper analyzes the European Union (EU) import demand for in-shell peanuts from three sources: the United States, China, and the rest of the world. We find that peanuts from different sources are differentiated by EU consumers. The expenditure elasticity is elastic for U.S. in-shell peanuts, which is associated with their higher quality. The conditional own price elasticities are more elastic for U.S. and Chinese in-shell peanuts. These findings have at least two implications. First, U.S. producers and exporters should direct efforts to ensure that in-shell peanuts exported to the EU are of the best possible quality, and, second, promotion efforts should stress the quality of U.S peanuts as an advertising tool.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: European Union import demand; In-shell peanuts; Nonlinear SAIDS; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; D12; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47269
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Analysis of Import Demand for Wooden Beds in the U.S. AgEcon
Wan, Yang; Sun, Changyou; Grebner, Donald L..
The market of wooden beds in the U.S. has been flooded with imports from China and Vietnam in recent years. Static and dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System models are used to assess the import demand for wooden beds from the top seven supplying countries. The analyses reveal that the antidumping investigation on China has some temporary trade depression effect on China, but trade diversion occur to Vietnam, Indonesia, Canada, and Brazil. The formal implementation of antidumping duties since 2005 has not shown any significant effect on the trade pattern. U.S. consumers spend more on beds from newly industrialized countries and there are moderate degrees of substitution among wooden beds from most countries.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Cointegration; Demand elasticity; Furniture; Trade diversion; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Marketing; C32; D12; F14; Q23.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100522
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Public Policies and the Demand for Carbonated Soft Drinks: A Censored Quantile Regression Approach AgEcon
Gustavsen, Geir Waehler.
Heavy consumption of soda may contribute to obesity, strokes, and cardiac problems. From a health perspective, the distribution of the consumption is at least as important as the mean. Censored as well as ordinary quantile regression techniques were used to estimate the demand for sugary soda based on household data from 1989 to 1999. It was found that heavy drinkers are more price- and expenditure-responsive than are light drinkers. The study shows that increasing the taxes on carbonated soft drinks will lead to a small reduction in consumption for small and moderate consumers and a huge reduction for heavy consumers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Soda demand; Quantile regression; Taxes; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; I10.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24737
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The "more is less" phenomenon in Contingent and Inferred valuation AgEcon
Stachtiaris, Spiros; Drichoutis, Andreas C.; Klonaris, Stathis.
2011) using the Contingent valuation (CV) as well as the Inferred valuation (IV) method (Lusk and Norwood 2009b). We find that when moving in the context of a familiar market for consumers (i.e., the food market) we only observe weak effects of inconsistencies. In addition, we find that the IV method is no better (and no worse) than the CV method in generating more consistent preference orderings. Surprisingly, we also find that the IV method generates higher valuations than CV, rendering one of its advantages of mitigating social desirability bias questionable.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay (WTP); Contingent Valuation (CV); Inferred Valuation(IV); Preference reversals; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C9; C93; D12; Q51.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116013
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Building Gorman's Nest AgEcon
LaFrance, Jeffrey T.; Beatty, Timothy K.M.; Pope, Rulon D..
Gorman Engel curves are extended to incomplete systems. The roles of Slutsky symmetry and homogeneity/adding up are isolated in the rank and functional form restrictions for Gorman systems. Symmetry determines the rank condition. The maximum rank is three for incomplete and complete systems. Homogeneity/adding up determines the functional form restrictions in complete systems. There is no restriction on functional form in an incomplete system. Every full rank and minimal deficit reduced rank Gorman system has a representation as a polynomial in a single function of income. This generates a complete taxonomy of indirect preferences for Gorman systems. Using this taxonomy, we develop models of incomplete Gorman systems that nest rank and functional form and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Functional form; Gorman Engel curves; Incomplete demand systems; Rank; Weak integrability; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; E21.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25027
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The Impact of Social Capital on the Implicit Price Paid by the Italian Consumer for Fair Trade Coffee AgEcon
Bosbach, Moritz; Maietta, Ornella Wanda.
Consumers in developed countries are increasingly interested in the consumption of food products incorporating ethical aspects, particularly fair trade products. These products are usually distributed in a network of World Shops and, more recently, in supermarkets and shopping centres. The fair trade product with the highest market share is coffee. This study aims to ascertain the implicit price paid by Italian consumers for the fair trade content of coffee and how this implicit price is influenced by the level of social capital of the territory where consumers live. The data utilised are scanner data, based on the purchase at supermarkets and shopping centres observed from 2005 to 2007, referred to a territorial unit that is the province. Since scanner...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Hedonic price; Coffee; Fair trade; Scanner data; Italian consumers; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; C50; D12; L66; Z13.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114371
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Características de la demanda por carne bovina de la comunidad hispana en los estados Unidos de América. AgEcon
Lanfranco, Bruno A..
A number of conclusions can be drawn from this research: 1) the NAFTA constitutes a key market for Uruguay beef; 2) beef import forecasts by the three NAFTA countries are placed in record numbers; 3) the Hispanic community is rapidly becoming the largest ethnic minority in the U.S., with an estimated yearly power purchase of more than $400 billion; 4) more than three-quarters of the Latino population in the U.S. concentrates in the West and South regions of the country; 64% live in urban areas of more than 1.2 million inhabitants. California (SE and NE of San Francisco and surroundings of Los Angeles) and Texas (Houston and El Paso influence areas) would be the main objectives for effective action through programs of marketing and promotion; 5) Hispanic...
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Consummers; Consumption patterns; Ethnic food; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; J15.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121667
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Emerging Markets for GM Foods: A Study of Consumer's Willingness to Pay in India AgEcon
Deodhar, Satish Y.; Ganesh, Sankar; Chern, Wen S..
A random utility approach is used to estimate logit equations which indicate what factors affect the likelihood of consumption of non-GM and GM foods, and, whether or not consumers are willing to pay a premium for non-GM/GM foods. Ceteris paribus as the price difference between non-GM and GM food rose, people were more likely to consume GM foods. Likelihood of GM food consumption was higher in the middle income brackets. Consumers were willing to pay an expected premium of 19.5% and 16.12% for golden rice and GM edible oil respectively. In case of chicken, consumers seemed to pay a very negligible premium for non-GM fed chicken. Overall, it appears that GM foods may be acceptable in the Indian market. However, basic awareness about the GM foods may...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: GM Foods; Golden Rice; Bt cottonseed oil; GM fed chicken; Willingness to Pay; Random utility approach; Logit; India.; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; D12.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6348
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None-of-These Bias in Stated Choice Experiments AgEcon
Alfnes, Frode; Steine, Gro.
We conduct a within-sample test of hypothetical bias and parameter equality between a hypothetical stated choice (SC) experiment using pictures and a real choice (RC) experiments using products. With exception of the none-of-these alternative-specific dummy, we cannot reject parameter equality between the two datasets. However, when we estimate the models separately with no parameter restrictions, the SC experiment gave WTP estimates that were approximately 50 percent higher and marginal WTP estimates that were almost two times as high as the corresponding estimates from the RC experiment. However, even though the monetary value of the WTP disparity was large, the disparity between the WTP estimates from the two data sets was not statistically significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Hypothetical bias; Color; Mixed logit; Salmon; Willingness to pay; Consumer/Household Economics; C81; C93; D12; Q22.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24761
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Will Changing Demographics Affect U.S. Cheese Demand? AgEcon
Davis, Christopher G.; Blayney, Donald P.; Dong, Diansheng; Yen, Steven T.; Johnson, Rachel J..
U.S. cheese consumption has grown considerably over the last three decades. Using a censored demand model and Nielsen Homescan retail data, this study identifies price and non-price factors affecting the demand for differentiated cheese products. Own-price and expenditure elasticities for all of the cheese products are statistically significant and elastic. Results also reveal that a strong substitution relationship exists among all cheese products. Although demographic influences are generally smaller than those related to prices and expenditures, empirical findings show that household size, college educated female heads of household who are age 40 and older, residing in the South, Central, and Western regions of the United States, as well as Black heads...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cheese form; Cheese purchase; Demand elasticities; Demographic and economic factors; Nielsen Homescan data; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; C25; D12; Q11.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104621
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Does Limited Access at School Result in Compensation at Home? The Effect of Soft Drink Bans in Schools on Purchase Patterns Outside of Schools AgEcon
Huang, Rui; Kristin, Kiesel.
This paper investigates the effects of banning soft drinks in schools on purchases outside of school. We utilize unique household-level and store-level data sources in combination with time-series and cross-sectional variation of state-level regulations in a difference-in-differences (DD) approach. We detect a decrease in the overall trend in sales, but observe this downward trend in households with and without children, as well as in states with and without regulation. Controlling for advertising allows us to further reject that leading brands intensify their advertising efforts and target children to potentially offset their reduced presence at schools. Finally, we find no evidence of substitution effects among possible beverage product alternatives. Our...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Soft drink bans; Soft drink consumption; Scanner data; Schools; Regulation; Difference-in-differences; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D12; D18; L51; C93.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116417
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A Flexible Multistage Demand System Based on Indirect Separability AgEcon
Moschini, GianCarlo.
The notion of indirect separability is exploited to derive a new multistage demand system. The model allows a consistent parameterization of demand relations at various budgeting stages and it fulfills the requirement of flexibility while satisfying separability globally. Two propositions are derived to characterize flexible and separable functional forms, which lead to the specification of a flexible and separable translog (FAST) demand system. The model is particularly attractive for modeling large complete demand systems, and is illustrated with an application to Canadian food demand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D11; D12; C51.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18514
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Loving Cultural Heritage. Private Individual Giving and Prosocial Behavior AgEcon
Bertacchini, Enrico; Santagata, Walter; Signorello, Giovanni.
The aim of this paper is to analyse patterns of private individual giving to Cultural Heritage institutions in Italy. Based on the emerging economic literature on pro-social behavior, we carried out a Contingent Valuation survey to assess individuals’ willingness to donate to museums and heritage organizations according to different conditions and set of incentives. Our findings reveal that intrinsic motivations and accountability of the recipient institutions may be more effective drivers for eliciting charitable giving than the usually proposed fiscal incentives. The results provide avenues for future empirical research and policy suggestions for fund raising cultural institutions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Charitable Giving; Cultural Heritage; Contingent Valuation; Pro-social Behavior; Financial Economics; D11; D12; H4; Z1.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59415
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