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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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| Max A. Little; Patrick E. McSharry; Eric J. Hunter; Jennifer Spielman; Lorraine O. Ramig. |
| We present an assessment of the practical value of existing traditional and non-standard measures for discriminating healthy people from people with Parkinson?s disease (PD) by detecting dysphonia. We introduce a new measure of dysphonia, Pitch Period Entropy (PPE), which is robust to many uncontrollable confounding effects including noisy acoustic environments and normal, healthy variations in voice frequency. We collected sustained phonations from 31 people, 23 with PD. We then selected 10 highly uncorrelated measures, and an exhaustive search of all possible combinations of these measures finds four that in combination lead to overall correct classification performance of 91.4%, using a kernel support vector machine. In conclusion, we find that... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2298/version/1 |
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| Dorian Aur. |
| It is generally believed that spike timing features (firing rate, ISI) are the main characteristics that can be related to neural code. Contrary to this common belief, spike directivity, a new measure that quantifies transient charge density dynamics within action potentials (APs) provides better results in discriminating different categories of visual object recognition. Specifically, intracranial recordings from medial temporal lobe (MTL) of epileptic patients have been analyzed using firing rate, interspike intervals and spike directivity. A comparative statistical analysis of the same spikes from four selected neurons shows that electrical micro-mapped features in neurons display higher separability to input images compared to spike timing features. If... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5345/version/2 |
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| Gasper Tkacik; Jason S. Prentice; Jonathan D. Victor; Vijay Balasubramanian. |
| To represent behaviorally relevant information efficiently, neural circuits in sensory periphery are matched to the first and second-order statistical structure of natural inputs. The retina, for example, removes stimulus components that are predictable (and therefore uninformative), and transmits what is unpredictable (and therefore informative). Here we show that this efficient coding principle applies to complex aspects of natural scenes, and to central visual processing (Tkačik et al, PNAS 2010). 

The aspect of natural scenes that we examine in detail is texture in image patches. Texture is determined partly by the distribution of light intensities and partly by the spatial organization of light across... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6009/version/1 |
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| Xiao-Jing Li; Wei Zhang; Bing Liang; Xiang Zheng; Xue Zhou. |
| It is believed that the hypothalamus is the regulating center for blood glucose levels, but how chronic stress leads to hyperglycemia is not known. In this experiment, we use the chronic immobilization stressed rat as a model, and found that only rats with increased expression of GAD65 in the amygdala have an elevated level of blood glucose. Considering there are fiber tracks between the amygdala and hypothalamus, including GABAergic projections, this result suggests that the changes in GAD65 expression in the amygdala may correlate with the changes in blood glucose levels, and point to the importance of the the amygdala in blood glucose regulation. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5885/version/1 |
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| Bradly J. Alicea. |
| In this paper, a method for decoupling the neuromuscular function of a set of limbs from the role morphology plays in regulating the performance of an activity is introduced. This method is based on two previous methods: the rescaled range analysis specific to time series data, and the use of scaling laws. A review of the literature suggests that limb geometry can either facilitate or constrain performance as measured experimentally. Whether limb geometry is facilitatory or acts as a constraint depends on the size differential between arm morphology and the underlying muscle. "Changes in size and shape" are theoretically extrapolations of morphological geometry to other members of a population or species, to other species, or to... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2845/version/1 |
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| Baskaran Thyagarajan; Carmen Garcia; Joseph Potian; Natalia Krivitskaya; Kormakur Hognason; Joseph McArdle. |
| Within 24 hrs after injecting botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) into the hindlimb, mice lost the toe spread reflex and developed progressive muscle weakness. At the same time, the compound muscle action potential amplitude decreased. Injection of capsaicin before BoNT/A significantly reduced these affects and protected the muscle twitch tension of the Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve muscle preparation. Acute in vitro exposure of isolated nerve muscle preparations, as well as Neuro 2a cells, to capsaicin prevented uptake of Alexa 647 BoNT/A. Motor nerve endings as well as Neuro 2a cells express the capsaicin receptor, a transient receptor potential channel of the vanilloid family (TRPV1). Capsaicin as well as disruption of clathrin coated pits (CCPs)... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2717/version/1 |
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| Wan-Jiung(Wan-Chung) Hu. |
| Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder. However, its exact etiology is still unknown. There were several mechanisms proposed such as the tau hypothesis and amyloid hypothesis. However, there is evidence challenging the above two hypotheses. Here, I propose the immune-amyloid hypothesis as a mechanism for Alzheimer's disease. Th17 related autoimmunity contributes to the disease pathogenesis. Accumulation of misfolded beta amyloid can trigger heat shock protein which in turn induces TH17 immunity. By microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, there is up-regulation of many TH17 related molecules after Alzheimer's disease. After knowing the exact disease pathogenesis, we can develop new... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5934/version/1 |
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| Ralf M. Haefner; Sebastian Gerwinn; Jakob H. Macke; Matthias Bethge. |
| The activity of cortical neurons in sensory areas covaries with perceptual decisions, a relationship often quantified by choice probabilities. While choice probabilities have been measured extensively, their interpretation has remained fraught with difficulty. Here, we derive the mathematical relationship between choice probabilities, read-out weights and noise correlations within the standard neural decision making model. Our solution allows us to prove and generalize earlier observations based on numerical simulations, and to derive novel predictions. Importantly, we show how the read-out weight profile, or decoding strategy, can be inferred from experimentally measurable quantities. Furthermore, we present a test to decide whether the decoding weights... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7014/version/1 |
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| John Skoyles; Bernt C. Skottun. |
| Visual stream segregation has been proposed as a method to measure visual attention in dyslexia. Another task proposed to do this is the line-motion illusion. Both tasks, it is observed, can be carried out with spatially distributed stimuli. This, however, appears inconsistent with these tasks being linked speci?cally to attentional processes since this would require them to spatially focus cognitive resources. Also, both line-motion and visual stream segregation involve the perception of movement raising the possibility that what is actually measured by these tasks is not attention but some aspect of motion perception. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5529/version/1 |
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| Mikael Djurfeldt; Anders Lansner. |
| The goal of this workshop was to survey current demands, ongoing activities, and plans relating to development of tools for scalable neural network simulation. Areas covered included software components for preprocessing/model setup, as well
as for storage, analysis, and visualization of results. Participants discussed the need for coordinated action in the field with regard to model, method and tool development. The reports a description of the state-of-art in the field as well as recommendations for actions to facilitate infrastructure developments. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/262/version/1 |
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| Saeed Tavazoie. |
| Here we consider the possibility that a fundamental function of sensory cortex is the generation of an internal simulation of sensory environment in real-time. A logical elaboration of this idea leads to a dynamical neural architecture that oscillates between two fundamental network states, one driven by external input, and the other by recurrent synaptic drive in the absence of sensory input. Synaptic strength is modified by a proposed synaptic state matching (SSM) process that ensures equivalence of spike statistics between the two network states. Remarkably, SSM, operating locally at individual synapses, generates accurate and stable network-level predictive internal representations, enabling pattern completion and unsupervised feature detection from... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6282/version/2 |
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| Ana Mingorance-Le Meur; Timothy P. O'Connor. |
| While growing neurites are relatively plastic during development, their plasticity levels drop rapidly as neurons mature and become integrated into neuronal networks. As a consequence, the central nervous system ability to reorganize itself in response to injury or disease is insufficient. One of the main limitations for the design of therapeutic strategies to enhance neurite sprouting following neurological diseases is our poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurite structural plasticity. 

To overcome this limitation, we have implemented a strategy to identify, characterize and validate the most therapeutically relevant drug targets to modulate neuronal plasticity. This strategy is based on the hypothesis... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2780/version/1 |
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| Cristina Savin; Mate Lengyel. |
| Synaptic plasticity is widely accepted to underlie learning and memory. Yet, models of associative networks with biologically plausible synapses fail to match brain performance: memories stored in such networks are quickly overwritten by ongoing plasticity (Amit & Fusi 1996, Fusi et al 2007). Metaplasticity - the process by which neural activity changes the ability of synapses to exhibit further plasticity - is believed to increase memory capacity (Fusi et al 2005). However, it remains unclear if neurons can make use of this additional information during recall. In particular, previous attempts at reading out information in metaplastic synapses using heuristic recall dynamics led to rather poor performance (Huang & Amit... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5818/version/1 |
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| Priyanka Singh; Farhan Mohammad; Abhay Sharma. |
| Mechanisms of long term action of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), used in treating epilepsy and many other neurological and psychiatric disorders, are poorly understood. Recently, a novel Drosophila transcriptomic model of locomotor plasticity induced by chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a chemoconvulsant commonly used to model epileptogenesis and test AEDs in rodents, has been described. In this model, two of the five AEDs tested, sodium valproate (NaVP) and levetiracetam (LEV), not ethosuximide (ETH), gabapentin (GBP) and vigabatrin (VGB), ameliorate development of chronic PTZ induced locomotor alteration. Here, we describe transcriptomic effect of the AEDs in the fly model. Singular treatment with ETH, GBP and VGB in general caused downregulation of genes.... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3396/version/1 |
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| Allen Institute for Brain Science; Josh J. Royall; Lydia L. Ng; John A. Morris. |
| This report contains a gene expression summary of the dorsal nucleus raphé (DR), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in-situ hybridization (ISH) mouse data set. 
The structure’s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the DR were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the midbrain, for the purpose of extracting regionally specific gene expression data. The highest ranking ratios were then manually curated and verified. The 50 Select Genes were compiled for expression characterization. The experimental data for each gene may be accessed... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2054/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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