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	Provedor de dados 31 (205) Autor Zhang, ZhongXiang (15) Stranlund, John K. (8) Karp, Larry S. (7) Tsur, Yacov (5) Walls, Margaret (5) Alberini, Anna (4) Mondello, Gerard (4) Zemel, Amos (4) van Kooten, G. Cornelis (4) Bosetti, Valentina (3) Di Corato, Luca (3) Fraser, Rob W. (3) McCarl, Bruce A. (3) Pannell, David J. (3) Ranjan, Ram (3) Ribaudo, Marc (3) Sauer, Johannes (3) Shortle, James S. (3) Stavins, Robert N. (3) Xepapadeas, Anastasios (3) Mais... Palavra-chave Q58 (205) Environmental Economics and Policy (131) Q54 (57) Resource /Energy Economics and Policy (36) Q53 (32) Q56 (27) Q48 (26) Agricultural and Food Policy (25) Q52 (22) Q57 (19) L51 (15) Q18 (15) Q51 (15) H23 (14) Land Economics/Use (14) Q42 (13) F18 (12) Q25 (12) Q28 (11) Environment (10) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (95) Conference Paper or Presentation (55) Journal Article (28) Working Paper (19) Presentation (3) Report (3) Article (1) Book (1) Mais... Ano 2012 (14) 2011 (57) 2010 (34) 2009 (21) 2008 (20) 2007 (14) 2006 (14) 2005 (15) 2004 (15) 2003 (1) Mais... País United States (205) Idioma Inglês (202) Espanhol (3)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 205 Primeira ... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... Última What Explains the Incidence of the Use of a Common Sediment Control on Lots with Houses Under Construction? 31 Templeton, Scott R.; Sessions, William T.; Haselbach, Liv M.; Campbell, Wallace A.; Hayes, John C.. To analyze compliance with one aspect of the regulation of stormwater discharge, we estimate a random-utility model of the probability that a builder uses a silt fence to control sediments on a lot with a house under construction in an urbanizing county of South Carolina. The probability increases if the builder is responsible to the subdivision’s developer or if a homeowners association exists. The probability also increases as the cost to install a silt fence decreases or the number of houses under construction per built house in a subdivision increases. The results can help county officials target inspection to improve compliance. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Compliance with regulation; Erosion and sediment control; Filter fabric; Management of stormwater runoff; Random-utility model; Silt fence; Storm water pollution prevention plan; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Q01; Q24; Q53; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57146 A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol 31 Karp, Larry S.; Zhao, Jinhua. The successor to the Kyoto Protocol should impose national ceilings on rich countries’ greenhouse gas emissions and promote voluntary abatement by developing countries. Our proposal gives signatories the option of exercising an escape clause that relaxes their requirement to abate. This feature helps to solve the participation and compliance problems that have weakened the Protocol. We support the use of carefully circumscribed trade restrictions in order to reduce the real or perceived problem of carbon leakage. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Clean development mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F13. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42878 Energy Balance Climate Models, Damage Reservoirs and the Time Profile of Climate Change Policy 31 Brock, William A.; Engstrom, Gustav; Xepapadeas, Anastasios. A simplified energy balance climate model is considered with the global mean temperature as the state variable, and an endogenous ice line. The movements of the ice line towards the Poles are associated with damage reservoirs where initial damages are high and then eventually vanish as the ice caps vanish and the damage reservoir is exhausted. We couple this climate model with a simple economic growth model and we show that the endogenous ice line induces a nonlinearity. This nonlinearity when combined with two sources of damages - the conventional damages due to temperature increase and the reservoir damages - generates multiple steady states and Skiba points. It is shown that the policy ramp implied by this model calls for high mitigation now. Simulation... Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Balance Climate Models; Damage Reservoir; Ice Line; Permafrost; Heat Diffusion; Policy Ramp; Skiba Points; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122863 Can Taxing Sugary Soda Influence Consumption and Avoid Unanticipated Consequences? 31 Ribaudo, Marc; Shortle, James S.. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Nonpoint Source Pollution; Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL); Best Management Practice; Conservation Program; Policy Instruments; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Q58. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117064 Small farms in Italy between decline and innovative formula: an entrepreneurial model analysis 31 Capitanio, Fabian; Adinolfi, Felice; Malorgio, Giulio. During the three-year period of our investigation, we found that the weight of family run farms declined and there was an increase in the role of farms integrated in the market and in integrated low-impact farm. This is a partial change which may be an indicator of a greater capacity of the entrepreneurial fabric to come to the market and the ability to capitalise on the relationship between farm and territory. Comparison between the two periods observing the behaviour of common farmers confirmed the substantial stability of the reference framework and offered further scope for interpretation. First, only about 22% changed their strategic profile. Shifts between strategic profiles especially affected family-run farms and light weighted specialised farms... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Farmers strategic profile; Enterpreneurial analysis; Rural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53003 Double Irreversibility and Environmental Policy Design 31 Pommeret, Aude; Prieur, Fabien. The design of environmental policy typically takes place within a framework in which uncertainty over the future impact of pollution and two different kinds of irreversibilities interact. The first kind of irreversibility concerns the sunk cost of environmental degradation; the second is related to the sunk cost of environmental policy. Clearly, the two irreversibilities pull in opposite directions: policy irreversibility leads to more pollution and a less/later policy while environmental irreversibility generates less pollution and a more/sooner policy. Using a real option approach and an infinite time horizon model, this paper considers both irreversibilities simultaneously. The model first is developed by paying particular attention to the option values... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy; Environmental Irreversibility; Policy Irreversibility; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; D81. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50359 Effects of Bt Cotton in India During the First Five Years of Adoption 31 Sadashivappa, Prakash; Qaim, Matin. While previous research has analyzed the impacts of Bt cotton in India, most available studies are based on one or two years of data only. We analyze the technology’s performance over the first five years of adoption, using panel data with three rounds of observations. On average, Bt adopting farmers realize pesticide reductions of about 40%, and yield advantages of 30-40%. Profit gains are in a magnitude of US $60 per acre. These benefits have been sustainable over time. Farmers’ satisfaction is reflected in a high willingness to pay for Bt seeds. Nonetheless, in 2006 Indian state governments decided to establish price caps at levels much lower than what companies had charged before. This intervention has further increased farmers’ profits, but the impact... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt cotton; Genetically modified crops; Farm survey; India; Seed markets; Technology adoption; Willingness to pay (WTP); Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; O33; Q16; Q55; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49947 Multilateral Trade Measures in a Post-2012 Climate Change Regime?: What Can Be Taken from the Montreal Protocol and the WTO? 31 Zhang, ZhongXiang. The climate-trade nexus gains increasing attention as governments are taking great efforts to forge a post-2012 climate change regime to succeed the Kyoto Protocol. This raises the issues of the scope of trade-related measures and of when and how they could be used. This paper discusses how far trade-related measures should be incorporated in that context. Drawing on an analogy to the Montreal Protocol and comparing developing country’s climate mitigation and adaptation needs with the funding available, the paper argues that such measures should initially be applied only among Annex I or II countries. To discipline the use of unilateral trade measures at the international level, the paper emphasizes a need to define comparable climate efforts. Moreover,... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Post-2012 climate negotiations; Trade-related measures; Lieberman-Warner bill; WTO; Montreal Protocol; Developing countries; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54359 Adverse Selection in the Environmental Stewardship Scheme: Does the Higher Level Entry Scheme Design Reduce Adverse Selection? 31 Quillerou, Emmanuelle; Fraser, Rob W.. The Environmental Stewardship Scheme provides payments to farmers for the provision of environmental services based on agricultural foregone income. This creates a potential incentive compatibility problem which, combined with an information asymmetry on farm land heterogeneity, could lead to adverse selection of farmers into the scheme. However, the Higher Level Scheme (HLS) design includes some features that potentially reduce adverse selection. This paper studies the adverse selection problem of the HLS using a principal agent framework at the regional level. It is found that, at the regional level, the enrolment of more land from lower payment regions for a given budget constraint has led to a greater overall contracted area (and thus potential... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Adverse selection; Agri-environment; Environmental Stewardship; Principal-agent; Contract; Environmental Economics and Policy; D78; D82; H44; Q18; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51068 Group Rewards and Individual Sanctions in Environmental Policy 31 Dijkstra, Bouwe R.; Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.. We examine an incentive scheme for a group of agents, where all agents are rewarded if the group meets its target. If the group does not meet its target, only the agents that meet their individual target are rewarded. In environmental policy, the EU burden sharing agreement and the UK Climate Change Agreements feature this incentive scheme. There is only a difference in outcome between group and individual rewards if emissions are stochastic. Group rewards generally lead to higher expected emissions than individual rewards. The attraction of the group reward scheme may lie in its fairness and its tough-looking targets. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Team Incentive Scheme; Stochastic Pollution; UK Climate Change Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9333 GOVERNING STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND EXTERNALITIES IN AGRICULTURE: TOWARD A NORMATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT 31 Petrick, Martin. The paper aims at a conceptual contribution to the normative economic analysis of rural de-velopment (RD) policies. RD is regarded as a problem of interaction between individuals; (lacking) structural change or the (missing) integration of externalities are therefore recon-structed as coordination rather than allocation problems. A social dilemma is taken as the paradigmatic core of normative institutional economics: how can potential gains from coop-eration be realised by way of institutional policy? Starting from a critique of the hitherto dominating welfare economics conception, three principles for institutional policy are de-rived: (1) the realisation of gains from cooperation as the normative, regulative idea, (2) in-centive-compatible... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Rural development; Institutional economics; Welfare economics; Social dilemma; Institutionenökonomik; Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Soziales Dilemma; Ländliche Entwicklung; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D 63; D 74; Q 18; Q58. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14878 Moral Hazard, Targeting and Contract Duration in Agri-Environmental Policy 31 Fraser, Rob W.. This paper extends the multi-period agri-environmental contract model of Fraser (2004) so that it contains a more realistic specification of the inter-temporal penalties for non-compliance, and therefore of the inter-temporal moral hazard problem in agri-environmental policy design. On this basis it is shown that a farmer will have an unambiguous preference for cheating early over cheating late in the contract period based on differences in the expected cost of compliance. It is then shown how the principal can make use of this unambiguous preference to target monitoring resources intertemporally, and in so doing, to encourage full contract duration compliance. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Moral Hazard; Contract Duration; Agri-Environmental Policy; Targeting; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; Q58. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108795 Tradable Substitution Rights: Simulation of the Cost-Efficiency of a Nitrogen Reduction in the Pig Finishing Sector 31 Carlier, Peter Jan; Lauwers, Ludwig H.; Mathijs, Erik. To comply with the European Nitrate Directive, the Flemish manure policy has been elaborated mainly on the base of command and control measures (maximum fertilisation limits etc.). In literature, however, tradable permits are described as a cost efficient and effective instrument. Applied to nutrient emission they might offer an alternative for the current, expensive manure policy. In this publication both policy instruments are compared by means of simulation models. Based on accountacy data from 190 pig finishing farms, it is shown that tradable rights may result in cost savings of over 88%, compared to the most cost efficient command and control model. This result indicates that tradable permits at least need to be considered as a plausible policy... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Agriculture; Command and control; Nitrogen; Linear programming; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D23; H23; Q58; Q52. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24746 Assessment of Environment Impact of CAP Reforms on European Agricultural Production Efficiency 31 Serrao, Amilcar. The studies of performance and production efficiency have ignored additional products of most transformation processes classified as undesirable outputs. Without the inclusion of the undesirable outputs, the efficiency measurement is a purely technical measure, and it does not account for the interaction of the system with the environment and the impact of policy decisions on the system. Moreover, there are technological dependencies between the desirable and the undesirable outputs which have to be included in the analytical tools used to measure efficiency. The relationships between the desirable and the undesirable outputs motivate the exploration of new areas of the measurement of efficiency to incorporate policy decisions and address new issues. This... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis; Performance Measurement; Undesirable Outputs; Technological Dependence; Goal Programming; Common Agricultural Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; CO2; DO1; Q15; Q58. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103409 Climate Policy Design under Uncertainty 31 Pizer, William A.. The uncertainty surrounding both costs and benefits associated with global climate change mitigation creates enormous hurdles for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. A key issue is how policy choices balance uncertainty about costs and benefits. This balance arises in terms of the time path of mitigation efforts as well as whether those efforts, by design, focus on effort or outcome. This paper considers two choices-price versus quantity controls and absolute versus relative/intensity emissions limits-demonstrating that price controls and intensity emissions limits favor certainty about cost over climate benefits and future emissions reductions. The paper then argues that in the near term, this favoritism is desired. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate; Policy; Intensity; Global warming; Uncertainty; Price; Quantity; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10584 China in the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy 31 Zhang, ZhongXiang. China, from its own perspective cannot afford to, and from an international perspective, is not allowed to continue on the conventional path of encouraging economic growth at the expense of the environment. The country needs to transform its economy to effectively address concern about a range of environmental problems from burning fossil fuels and steeply rising oil import and international pressure to exhibit greater ambition in fighting global climate change. This paper first discusses China’s own efforts towards energy saving and pollutants cutting, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism, and puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective. Given that transition to a low carbon... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; Nuclear Power; Power Generation; Oil and Gas; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; China; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91009 Renewable Energy Subsidies: Second-Best Policy or Fatal Aberration for Mitigation? 31 Kalkuhl, Matthias; Edenhofer, Ottmar; Lessmann, Kai. This paper evaluates the consequences of renewable energy policies on welfare, resource rents and energy costs in a world where carbon pricing is imperfect and the regulator seeks to limit emissions to a (cumulative) target. We use a global general equilibrium model with an intertemporal fossil resource sector. We calculate the optimal second-best renewable energy subsidy and compare the resulting welfare level with an efficient first-best carbon pricing policy. If carbon pricing is permanently missing, mitigation costs increase by a multiple (compared to the optimal carbon pricing policy) for a wide range of parameters describing extraction costs, renewable energy costs, substitution possibilities and normative attitudes. Furthermore, we show that small... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Feed-in-Tariff; Carbon Trust; Carbon Pricing; Supply-Side Dynamics; Green Paradox; Climate Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q4; Q52; Q54; Q58; D58; H21. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108261 The Impact of Long-Term Generation Contracts on Valuation of Electricity Generating Assets under the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative 31 Wilson, Nathan E.; Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative is an effort by nine states to constrain carbon dioxide emissions from the electric power sector using a cap-and-trade program. This paper assesses the importance of long-term electricity contracts under the program. We find that 12.2% of generation will be accounted for by long-term contracts in 2010, affecting select nuclear, hydroelectric, and cogeneration units. The contracts will have a negligible effect on the wholesale marginal cost of electricity and a small effect on retail price. States may want to consider contracts on a case-by-case basis when making decisions about the initial distribution of emission allowances, but they should account for effects on the portfolio of plants owned at the firm level, not... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate; State policy; Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative; Long-term contracts; Electricity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; L14; L94. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10556 Effective Environmental Protection in the Context of Government Decentralization 31 Zhang, ZhongXiang. China has shifted control over resources and decision making to local governments and enterprises as the result of the economic reforms over the past three decades. This devolution of decision-making to local levels and enterprises has placed environmental stewardship in the hands of local officials and polluting enterprises who are more concerned with economic growth and profits than the environment. Therefore, effective environmental protection needs their full cooperation. Against this background, this paper discusses a variety of tactics that China’s central government has been using to incentivize local governments, and a number of market-based instruments, supporting economic policies, environmental performance ratings and disclosure and cooperation... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Effective Environmental Protection; Incentive Structure; Economic Instruments; Industrial Policy; Financial Institutions; Government Decentralization; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; Q43; Q48; H23; H75; R51. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101295 Is It Fair to Treat China as a Christmas Tree to Hang Everybody’s Complaints? Putting its Own Energy Saving into Perspective 31 ZhongXiang, Zhang. China had been the world’s second largest carbon emitter for years. However, recent studies show that China had overtaken the U.S. as the world’s largest emitter in 2007. This has put China on the spotlight, just at a time when the world community starts negotiating a post-Kyoto climate regime under the Bali roadmap. China seems to become such a Christmas tree on which everybody can hang his/her complaints. This paper first discusses whether such a critics is fair by examining China’s own efforts towards energy saving, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism. Next, the paper puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective by examining whether the estimated greenhouse gas emission... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Post-Kyoto Climate Negotiations; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q53; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52341 Registros recuperados: 205 Primeira ... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... Última

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