SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Fridfinnson, Brooke; Rude, James.

In terms of the global situation, trade is biofuels is small relative to world-wide production; however, given ambitious consumption mandates in many developed countries as well as increasing energy consumption, this will not likely remain the case in the long-run. Although biodiesel has been classified as an industrial good, ethanol is currently marketed as an agricultural product, though not specifically for fuel use. The removal of trade barriers, particularly in the developed countries, would not only ease pressure on the traditional feedstocks and lower world ethanol prices, but allow countries with a comparative advantage to capitalize on the opportunity to produce low-cost biofuel. Whether the removal of these trade barriers on biofuels would affect...

ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD OIL CROPS MARKET

Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Commodity; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48119

Mattson, Jeremy W.; Sun, Changyou; Koo, Won W..

The world of oilseeds, meals, and oils has been evolving. New issues have emerged for researchers and policymakers. The United States is still the largest player, mainly due to its dominant position in soybeans and soybean meals. Nevertheless, the position of the United States has been challenged by several countries. The growth by Brazil and Argentina in the production of soybeans and soybean meal has especially eroded the market share of the United States in recent years. Malaysia and Indonesia have been aggressively marketing their palm oil, intensifying the competition for U.S. soybean oil exports. Other issues include changing trade policies and demand in major importing countries, trade liberalization, and genetically modified crops.

Russia's Transition to Major Player in World Agricultural Markets

Palavras-chave: Oilseeds; Soybeans; Brazil; Argentina; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23621

Liefert, William M.; Liefert, Olga; Serova, Eugenia.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Russia; Agriculture; Trade; Grain; Meat; WTO Accession; International Development; F14; P33; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94724

Quantitative description of the fruit industry and fruit supply chains in Poland

Lemanowicz, M.; Krukowski, A..

The development of consumer-driven, efficient, responsive and innovative supply chains is crucial for the growth of fruit consumption in Europe and for a competitive, sustainable fruit sector. Currently, fruit supply chains are characterized by a relatively low level of consumer orientation and consumer-driven innovations. The awareness of the functioning of supply chains in the European fruit sector should be increased to be able to increase the level of consumer-drivenness, efficiency, and responsiveness of fruit supply chains. This paper presents the results of review of fruit supply chains’ from the fruit industry in Poland. The analysis of supply chains is preceded by a review of fruit consumption, fruit production, trade characteristic and trends....

CHANGING CANADIAN GRAINS POLICIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONTANA'S GRAIN INDUSTRY

Palavras-chave: Fruit production; Fruit consumption; Fruit industry; Fruit supply chains; Trade; Horticulture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58083

Young, Linda M..

In Canada many changes have been made, and more are pending, to their grain transportation policies. This package of policy changes has two offsetting impacts on freight rates for Canadian grain producers. The removal of transportation subsidies on grain for export offshore has roughly doubled the cost of transporting grain for the Canadian producer. In addition, the change in pooling points will increase freight rates even more for producers in the eastern part of the prairies. Whether federally owned grain hopper cars are sold to the railways, or to an association of Canadian producers, the cost of the sale is likely to be born by producers through increased freight rates over a number of years. In addition, Canadian producers will bear the cost of...

THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE NEXT FARM BILL DEBATE

Palavras-chave: Trade; Canada wheat; Montana wheat; Grain policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; F1.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29172

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF TRADE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND MARKET POWER: THE CASE OF RICE EXPORTING

Klose, Steven L..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Farm Bill; Policy; Trade; Food; Nutrition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109479

Kang, Hyunsoo; Kennedy, P. Lynn; Hilbun, Brian M..

This paper aims to (1) analyze the relationship between rice exports and economic growth for the world’s top four exporting countries (Thailand, Vietnam, India, and the U.S) and (2) seek to determine to what extent market power affects a country’s economic growth. The main objective of this paper is to determine to what extent economic growth impacts a country’s rice exports as well as to what extent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) impacts a country’s ability to export rice. This analysis also examines the impact of market power on economic growth. On the basis of these results, we examine the existence of market power in the international rice market with respect to rice supply, and moreover, propose that there is a bi-directional causality between the...

Differing U.S. and European Perspectives on GMOs: Political, Economic and Cultural Issues

Palavras-chave: Rice export; CR4; GDP; FDI; Market power; Trade; Export supply function; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46081

Runge, C. Ford; Bagnara, Gian Luca; Jackson, Lee Ann.

This paper provides an overview of the historical and cultural factors that have contributed to divergent U.S. and European views on GMOs, and to resulting different national regulatory approaches for these products, specifically labelling policy. Within the context of the international trading system, these national policy choices will have impacts that will spill over national borders. Dialogue may be difficult to achieve, given widely divergent views concerning GMOs; however, without dialogue potential global social benefits of policy harmonization will be forfeited.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Culture; Harmonization; Labelling; Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23874

An Economic Analysis of Quarantine: The Economies of Australia's Ban on New Zealand Apple Imports

Arthur, Matthew.

The quarantine policy decision-making process in Australia is subject to the principles of the World Trade Organisation's SPS Agreement. It is primarily based on the risks and associated economic costs accruing to producers in the event of disease entry. The costs of a quarantine measure in terms of forgone trade benefits are not considered. The impact associated with this asymmetric approach is identified by demonstrating the gains to consumers which may arise through liberalised markets using a case study of the Australian apple industry. A partial equilibrium analysis is used to show the impacts of apple market liberalisation, which can be expected to yield gains to consumers which are greater than the economic costs to on producers.

Agricultural Trade Policy Modelling: Insights from a Meta-Analysis of Doha Development Agenda Outcomes

Palavras-chave: Quarantine; Trade; Liberalisation; Apples; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31959

Hess, Sebastian; von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan.

In a meta-analysis of trade policy models, Hess and von Cramon-Taubadel (2008) use over 5800 simulated welfare effects from 110 studies of potential Doha Development Agenda outcomes to identify characteristics of models, data and policy experiments that influence simulation results. This meta-analysis, which is recapitulated here, produces plausible results and explains a significant proportion of the variation in simulated welfare effects. However, due to insufficient documentation and the complexity of the general and partial equilibrium models in the literature sample, many explanatory variables employed in this analysis are binary. This precludes more detailed analysis of their impacts across models. Therefore, a partial equilibrium model and a single...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Trade; Policy model; Doha; Meta-analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43466

Trade in Food Staples: Promoting Price Stability and Food Security through Intra-Regional Trade

The EU Sugar Policy Regime and Implications of Reform

Published by Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food Security; Trade; Africa; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54504

Elbehri, Aziz; Umstaetter, Johannes; Kelch, David R..

The European Union’s sugar policy, in place since 1968, underwent its first major reform in 2005 in response to mounting and unsustainable imbalances in supply and demand. The reform, however, targeted only a few policy instruments (intervention price cut, voluntary production quota buyout, and restrictions on nonquota sugar exports), while leaving other key policies unchanged (interstate quota trading, sugar-substitute competition, and import barriers). Consequently, the extent of the reform’s impact is limited, compared with more far-reaching alternatives, particularly when the oligopolistic nature of the industry and its noncompetitive pricing behavior are taken into account. A model-based analysis suggests that the reforms by themselves are unlikely to...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: European Union; EU; Sugar CMO; Common Market Organization; Policy reform; Trade; Economic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56457

Rice Price Stabilization in Madagascar: Price and Welfare Implications of Variable Tariffs

Dorosh, Paul A.; Minten, Bart.

Given the large share of major staples in the budgets of the poor, governments in many developing countries intervene in food markets to limit variation in the prices of staple foods. This paper examines the recent experience of Madagascar in stabilizing prices through international trade and the implications of adjustments in tariff rates. Using a partial equilibrium model, we quantify the overall costs and benefits of a change in import duties for various household groups, and compare this intervention to a policy of targeted food transfers or security stocks.

Palavras-chave: Food Policy; Price Stabilization; Trade; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25478

Spatial Development

Desmet, Klaus; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban.

We present a theory of spatial development. A continuum of locations in a geographic area choose each period how much to innovate (if at all) in manufacturing and services. Locations can trade subject to transport costs and technology diffuses spatially across locations. The result is an endogenous growth theory that can shed light on the link between the evolution of economic activity over time and space. We apply the model to study the evolution of the U.S. economy in the last few decades and find that the model can generate the reduction in the employment share in manufacturing, the increase in service productivity in the second part of the 1990s, the increase in land rents in the same period, as well as several other spatial and temporal patterns.

The Food Marketing System in 1996

Palavras-chave: Dynamic Spatial Models; Growth; Innovation; Land Rent Evolution; Structural Transformation; Technology Diffusion; Trade; Community/Rural/Urban Development; E32; O11; O18; O33; R12.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59852

Estimating price elasticities of food trade functions: How relevant is the gravity approach?

Gallo, Anthony E..

New food product introductions fell sharply in 1996. The number of new plants, consumer advertising expenditures, and common stock prices reached new highs in 1996, as did the number of mergers in the foodservice industry. Profitability from food manufacturing and retailing was higher due to strong sales, wage and producer price stability, and streamlining of operations.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food marketing; Food processors; Wholesalers; Retailers; Foodservice; Advertising; Profitability; Trade; Agribusiness; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33731

Femenia, Fabienne; Gohin, Alexandre.

The main objective of the paper is related to the long standing issue of the econometric estimation of price elasticity of food trade functions. We investigate the relevance of the prominent gravity approach. This approach is based on the assumptions of symmetric, monotone, homothetic, CES preferences. We test all these assumptions using European intra trade of cheese. In a general way, all assumptions made on preferences by the gravity approach are not supported by our data set. The bias induced on the estimated price elasticities is not univocal.

AN EX ANTE ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS IN TEXAS GRAPEFRUIT UNDER UNCERTAINTY

Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Trade; Generalized Maximum Entropy; Censored demand system; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7211

Elmer, Nicole A.; Thurow, Amy Purvis; Johnson, Jason L.; Rosson, C. Parr, III.

The Dixit-Pindyck model was applied to examine the hypothesis that uncertainty associated with grapefruit production costs and returns is an important determinant of Texas grapefruit growers' investment behavior. Freezes, price variability, and the effects of expanded trade were analyzed as risk factors. An investment decision rule based on a net-present value calculation would approve a 25-year commitment to a 20-acre grapefruit grove, given a 6-percent discount rate. The modified hurdle rate, calculated using an ex ante version of the Dixit-Pindyck model, is 24 percent. The major source of the risk borne by Texas grapefruit investors is from freezes, rather than from expanded trade.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Citrus; Ex ante analysis; Dixit-Pindyck model; Freezes; Investment; Simulation; Texas; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15451

Strategic Devaluation, Trade and Political Convenience

ANÁLISE DA COMPETITIVIDADE DO ARROZ BRASILEIRO: VANTAGEM COMPARATIVA REVELADA

Kerr, William A..

The economies of developed countries have, since 2007, experienced the most significant and persistent period of economic malaise since the 1930s. Domestic economic policies have failed to revive sustained economic growth and, as a result, unemployment remains at levels that voters find difficult to accept. In addition, without tax revenue-enhancing growth, government deficits persist, and borrowing to finance the cumulative deficits has become increasingly difficult for some countries. With domestic policies largely exhausted, but economic growth elusive, policy makers have been considering external policies as a means to stimulate their economies. Trade protectionism and strategic devaluation are potential policies. The lessons of the 1930s regarding the...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Cooperative solution; Great Depression; Retaliation; Strategic devaluation; Trade; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120203

Fernandes, Sydenia De Miranda; Wander, Alcido Elenor; Ferreira, Carlos Magri.

O presente trabalho buscou analisar a competitividade internacional do arroz brasileiro, bem como a competitividade interna e externa de estados produtores individualmente. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (IVCR). Verificou-se que o Brasil como um todo não possui vantagem comparativa para exportação de arroz. Por outro lado, entre os estados produtores, o Rio Grande do Sul se mostrou competitivo internamente em todo o período considerado e, em 2005, também como exportador. Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso e Goiás apresentaram competitividade apenas internamente para alguns dos anos analisados. Mato Grosso do Sul não se mostrou competitivo em nenhum dos anos considerados.----------------------------------------------This paper’s...

U.S. Cotton Prices and the World Cotton Market: Forecasting and Structural Change

Palavras-chave: Exportação de arroz; Mercado de arroz; Comércio; Rice exports; Market of rice; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112748

Isengildina-Massa, Olga; MacDonald, Stephen.

The purpose of this study was to analyze structural changes that took place in the cotton industry in recent years and develop a statistical model that reflects the current drivers of U.S. cotton prices. Legislative changes authorized the U.S. Department of Agriculture to resume publishing cotton price forecasts for the first time in 79 years. In addition, systematic problems have become apparent in the forecasting models used by USDA and elsewhere, highlighting the need for an updated review of price relationships. This study concluded that a structural break in the U.S. cotton industry occurred in 1999, and that world cotton supply has become an important determinant of U.S. cotton prices. China’s trade and production policy also continues to be an...