SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert.

This paper uses a cross-sectional approach to analyze the impacts of climate change on animal husbandry and the way farmers adapt. The study is based on surveys of almost 5000 livestock farmers across ten countries in Africa. A traditional Ricardian regression finds that the livestock net revenues of large farms in Africa are more sensitive to temperature than those of small farms. Cross-sectional analysis also reveals that large farms (but not small farms) have fewer animals per farm in warmer places. Farmers tend to select beef cattle and chickens in cool climates and goats and sheep in hot climates. Using the Ricardian results and examining climate scenarios for 2060 and beyond, the net revenues of small farms are predicted to increase as much as 120%...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Livestock; Impact; Adaptation; Africa; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56968

Adaptation Can Help Mitigation: An Integrated Approach to Post-2012 Climate Policy

Bosello, Francesco; Carraro, Carlo; De Cian, Enrica.

The latest round of international negotiations in Copenhagen led to a set of commitments on emission reductions which are unlikely to stabilise global warming below or around 2°C. As a consequence, in the absence of additional ambitious policy measures, adaptation will be needed to address climate-related damages. What is the role of adaptation in this setting? How is it optimally allocated across regions and time? To address these questions, this paper analyses the optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting in which countries cooperate to achieve a long-term stabilisation target (550 CO2-eq). It uses an Integrated Assessment Model (AD-WITCH) that describes the relationships between different adaptation modes...

Trust, Contracting, and Adaptation in Agri‐Food Hybrid Structures

Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116907

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE PROFITABILITY OF SITE SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES

Martino, Gaetano.

The paper considers the relationship between trust and governance structure from a Transaction Cost Economics perspective. The role of trust in the coordinating decisions is variously conceptualized according to the theoretical view adopted by the scholars. The present study adopt the three‐level schema introduced by Williamson (1996) and suggest that determinants of trust may operate both at institutional and governance structure level. The analytical framework depicted maintains that trust may determine a reduction of ex post transaction cost in the adaptation of hybrid structure. As a consequence trust appears to be able to extend the range of existence of the hybrids. The empirical part of the study is dedicated to a case study which illustrates the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Hybrid; Conditional trust; Adaptation; Contractual relationship.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101283

Finger, Robert; Gerwig, Claude N..

Site Specific Technologies (SST) can reduce environmental pollution caused by common agricultural practice. Using a case study for corn yields, we investigate the impact of climate change (CC) on profitability of SSTs. We find CC to increase spatial variability of soils with respect to optimal input application and yield variability. This leads, ceteris paribus, to higher incentives for SST adoption in the future.

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Site Specific Technologies; Adaptation; Crop Production Function.; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7574

Community-based Adaptation: Lessons from the Development Marketplace 2009 on Adaptation to Climate Change

Heltberg, Rasmus; Prabhu, Radhika; Gitay, Habiba.

The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. Our findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation...

Adaptation, Mitigation and “Green” R&D to Combat Global Climate Change. Insights From an Empirical Integrated Assessment Exercise

Palavras-chave: Community-based Adaptation; Development Marketplace; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O1; Q5.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92711

Bosello, Francesco.

This work develops a framework for the analysis at the macro-level of the relationship between adaptation and mitigation policies. The FEEM-RICE growth model with stock pollution, endogenous R&D investment and emission abatement is enriched with a planned-adaptation module where a defensive capital stock is built through adaptation investment. Within this framework the optimal path of planned adaptation, the optimal inter and intra temporal mix between adaptation, mitigation and investment in R&D, and the sensitivity of a strategy to each other is identified. The major conclusions of this research show that adaptation, mitigation and R&D are strategic complements as all concur together to the solution of the climate change problem; nonetheless...

Farmers Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change: An Estimation of Willingness to Pay

Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59746

Acquah, H. de-Graft; Onumah, Edward E..

This paper assesses farmers’ perception and adaptation to climate change to enhance policy towards tackling the challenges climate change poses to the farmers in Ghana. With regards to farmers’ perception and methods of adaptation, majority of the farmers perceived increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall pattern. Farmers’ level of adaptation was found to be relatively high with majority of the farmers using changing planting dates, different crop varieties, soil conservation and water harvesting as the major adaptation measures to climate change impacts. However, access to water, high cost of adaptation, lack of information, lack of knowledge on adaptation, insecure property rights, insufficient access to inputs and lack of credits were identified...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Perception; Adaptation; Climate change; Willingnessto pay; Probit regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; GA; IN.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120241

Climate Policy and the Optimal Balance between Mitigation, Adaptation and Unavoided Damage

Bosello, Francesco; Carraro, Carlo; De Cian, Enrica.

It has become commonly accepted that a successful climate strategy should compound mitigation and adaptation. The accurate combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change is still an open question. This paper proposes a framework that integrates mitigation, adaptation, and climate change residual damages into an optimisation model. This set-up is used to provide some insights on the welfare maximising resource allocation between mitigation and adaptation, on their optimal timing, and on their marginal contribution to reducing vulnerability to climate change. The optimal mix between three different adaptation modes (reactive adaptation, anticipatory adaptation, and investment in innovation for adaptation purposes) within...

Impacts and adaptive capacity as drivers for prioritizing agricultural adaptation to climate change in Europe

Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60681

Schlickenrieder, Jeremy; Quiroga, Sonia; Diz, Agustin; Iglesias, Ana.

In the face of likely climate change impacts policy makers at different spatial scales need access to assessment tools that enable informed policy instruments to be designed. Recent scientific advances have facilitated the development of improved climate projections, but it remains to be seen whether these are translated into effective adaptation strategies. This paper uses existing databases on climate impacts on European agriculture and combines them with an assessment of adaptive capacity to develop an interdisciplinary approach for prioritising policies. It proposes a method for identifying relevant policies for different EU countries that are representative of various agroclimatic zones. Our analysis presents a framework for integrating current...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Agriculture; Climate change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117617

ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISK EXPOSURE IN THE NILE BASIN OF ETHIOPIA

Di Falco, Salvatore; Veronesi, Marcella.

This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation on farm households’ downside risk exposure (e.g., risk of crop failure) in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The analysis relies on a moment-based specification of the stochastic production function. We estimate a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching to account for the heterogeneity in the decision to adapt or not, and for unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farm. We find that (i) climate change adaptation reduces downside risk exposure, i.e., farm households that implemented climate change adaptation strategies get benefits in terms of a decrease in the risk of crop failure; (ii) farm households that did not adapt would benefit the most in terms of reduction in...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Risk exposure; Stochastic production function; Skewness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; D80; Q18; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115549

Anatomical analysis of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) leaves cultivated in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo

Rev. Bras. Bot.

Batagin-Piotto,Katherine Derlene; Almeida,Cristina Vieira de; Piotto,Fernando Angelo; Almeida,Marcílio de.

The present work characterized and compared the anatomical structures of the leaves of Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae) plants grown under different cultivation conditions (in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo) with the goal of identifying the origins of the difficulties encountered in acclimatizing micro-plants. The Quant program was used to determine leaf tissue thicknesses and areas, and histochemical tests were performed on leaf sections and analyzed using light microscopy. Stomatal and trichome densities were determined using the epidermal impression method and by scanning electronic microscopy. Our results indicated that there were no discernible alterations of the anatomical characteristics of the leaves of micro-plants cultivated under differing conditions...

Behavior and performance of broiler strains reared under semi-intensive system with shaded areas

Palavras-chave: Acclimatization; Adaptation; Plant anatomy.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042012000100008

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.

Barbosa Filho,JAD; Silva,MAN; Silva,IJO; Coelho,AAD; Savino,VJM.

The matter of animal welfare has led to studies in order to evaluate alternative rearing systems for livestock in order to improve well-being. The semi-intensive system is an alternative method of rearing broilers in which the birds are kept in a poultry house and have free access to a pasture area during the day. It is known that ambient conditions may directly affect the behavior of birds reared in the semi-intensive system. Therefore, this research evaluated the behavior of four broiler strains reared under a semi-intensive system with a shaded area (provided by a black plastic screen - 50%) and the bioclimatic characteristics of this environment when compared with the non-shaded pasture. Thirty-five birds were reared in pens with 4.5 m² and 35 m² of...

Effect of Thermal Embryonic Manipulation on the Quality of Male and Female Broiler Meat Submitted to Thermal Stress Pre-Slaughter

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Broiler; Semi-intensive system; Welfare.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2005000400003

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.

Fernandes,JIM; Santos,TC; Kaneko,IN; Horn,D; Leyter,JR; Pasa,CLB.

ABSTRACT Adverse environmental conditions during rearing may negatively affect productivity and meat quality of the modern fast-growing broiler strains. Temperature manipulation during sensitive embryonic development periods may affect broilers' physiological responses to environmental conditions during rearing on commercial farms. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of temperature manipulation during incubation and breeder age on the meat quality of male and female broilers submitted to heat stress during the pre-slaughter period. In this experiment, 1280 broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of two breeder ages (30 and 60 weeks),...

Comparative morphology of the mandibles of female polistine social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Epigenetic; Incubation; Thermoregulation.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2016000200343

Rev. Bras. entomol.

Silveira,Orlando Tobias; Santos Jr.,José Nazareno Araújo dos.

Comparative morphology of the mandibles of female polistine social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). Diversity of mandibular forms in female polistines is explored and compared among 116 species of all polistine genera. Inferences about function are made and discussed based on observed form differences. Mandible length and width measurements are analyzed for a subset of polistine species plus two vespines and two eumenines. A variable expressing the ratio between these variables is also considered in morphometric analyses. The following mechanical interactions among mandible structural elements are highlighted: opposition and crossing of mandibles' apical teeth at the middle of the closing trajectory; shearing action of the apical teeth against...

Anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic potential in grapevine leaves under plastic cover

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Form-function analysis; Morphometrics; Phylogenetic methods; Systematics.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262011000400004

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

Chavarria,Geraldo; Santos,Henrique Pessoa dos; Castro,Luis Antônio Suita de; Marodin,Gilmar Arduíno Bettio; Bergamaschi,Homero.

The present study evaluated the anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic potential of grapevine leaves grown under plastic cover. The experiment was carried out in vineyards of Moscato Giallo cultivar covered and uncovered with plastic. A block design with 10 selected plants was used for each area (covered and uncovered). Twelve leaves (six of them fully exposed to solar radiation and six grown under shaded conditions) were collected from each area and were fixed and analyzed microscopically (thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis and of the palisade and spongy parenchymas). Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic potential were determined in the vineyard at veraison and after harvest. Plastic covering increased the thickness of the palisade...

‘BRS Serenata’: a peach for fresh market

Palavras-chave: Vitis vinifera; Adaptation; Grapevine; Protected crop; Microclimate.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452012000300003

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

Raseira,Maria do Carmo Bassols; Franzon,Rodrigo Cezar; Scaranari,Ciro; Feldberg,Nelson Pires; Dalbó,Marco Antônio.

Abstract Even though the peach tree was introduced in Brazil during the XVI century, it was only on the 1940’s that the first peach breeding program started in the country. Later on, other programs started being, until now, the largest ones, and the programs that gave more significant contributions to the peach crop development those from the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas and from Embrapa Temperate Agriculture. Presently, peach is cultivated not only in the colder areas of the South but also in the subtropics and high altitude areas of the tropics, due to dozens of cultivars released by these breeding programs. Peaches are sold entirely in the domestic market and in the largest consumers market, State of São Paulo, the preference is for white sweet...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Breeding; Low chill requirement; White flesh; Adaptation.

Ano: 2020

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452020000400801

Genetic analysis of whole mitochondrial genome of Lateolabrax maculatus (Perciformes: Moronidae) indicates the presence of two populations along the Chinese coast

Rev. Bras. Zool.

Gong,Jie; Chen,Baohua; Li,Bijun; Zhou,Zhixiong; Shi,Yue; Ke,Qiaozhen; Zhang,Dianchang; Xu,Peng.

ABSTRACT The whole mitochondrial genome of Lateolabrax maculatus (Cuvier, 1828) was used to investigate the reasons for the observed patterns of genetic differentiation among 12 populations in northern and southern China. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of L. maculatus were 0.998 and 0.00169, respectively. Pairwise FST values between populations ranged from 0.001 to 0.429, correlating positively with geographic distance. Genetic structure analysis and haplotype network analysis indicated that these populations were split into two groups, in agreement with geographic segregation and environment. Tajima’s D values, Fu’s Fs tests and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) indicated that a demographic expansion event may have occurred in the history of...

Qualification of the adaptive capacities of livestock farming systems

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Genetic differentiation; Selection.

Ano: 2020

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702020000100314

R. Bras. Zootec.

Dedieu,Benoît.

This paper aims at exploring what is covered by « adapting to last » with a farming systems approach. Long term dynamics can be analysed as adaptive cycles, the system being permanently exposed to disturbances and shocks. Mobilizing the concept of resilience, we analyse the factors that differentiate the principles for long term action the livestock farmers have, principles which give consistency to the family - farms trajectories. With the concept of operational flexibilty, we qualify the sources of flexibility the livestock farmers maintain to cope with hazards. They are internal, related to the production process regulation properties, to the technical (adaptive or rigid) specifications, to the sales policies, or external related to the information and...

Anual variation of morphologic traits and hair coat surface temperature of Holstein cows in semi-arid environment

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Flexibility; Livestock farming systems; Resilience; Room for manoeuvre; System regulations.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009001300039

R. Bras. Zootec.

Façanha,Débora Andréa Evangelista; Silva,Roberto Gomes da; Maia,Alex Sandro Campos; Guilhermino,Magda Maria; Vasconcelos,Angela Maria de.

This work aimed to study the annual variation of temperature of the coat surface and other traits of coat in Holstein cows managed in a tropical environment by separately considering black coat and white coat. It was measured the coat thickness (mm) characteristic, hair length (mm), hair number (hair/cm²) and coat surface temperature on 191 crossbred cows with 7/8 and 31/32 Holstein composition distributed in 3 herds in a semi-arid environment. Less dense coats with shorter, flattened hair occurred predominantly in March, a time coinciding to high levels of solar radiation. This type of coat shows low resistance to the flux of latent and sensitive heat through the skin, thus favoring heat loss. The black coat surface temperature was on average 4ºC higher...