SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Durand-Morat, Alvaro; Wailes, Eric J.; Sharp, Misti.

The fact that trade, and especially agricultural trade, remains far from free is puzzling, since the superiority of free trade receives overwhelming support among economists (Gawande and Krishna, 2003; Rodrik, 1994). International trade scholars have devoted significant resources to forecasting the impact of trade policy reforms (for a survey of these studies see Congressional Budget Office, 2005), and their findings are relevant inputs for officials negotiating a trade agreement as well as for politicians in charge of ratifying it. The perceived gains and losses attached to different outcomes have been identified as a significant factor shifting the outcome of a trade agreement negotiation (McMillan, 1990). Less well-known are the factors that would...

Value added and governance structure: Evidence from the pear industry in China’s Zhejiang province

Palavras-chave: Trade negotiations; Agricultural trade; Free trade agreements; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F59; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103835

Liang, Qiao; Hendrikse, George W.J.; Huang, Zuhui.

Traditional farmer cooperatives, new generation farmer cooperatives, and investor-owned firms (IOFs), are compared regarding their value added and value added rate in terms of product marketing. The results of the analysis regarding the pear supply chain in Zhejiang province in China indicate that IOFs obtain a higher value added or value added rate than farmer cooperatives. New generation cooperatives mitigate the under-investment problem of traditional cooperatives in a certain extent. However, farmer cooperatives have some advantages over investor-owned firms in benefiting farmers.

MANAGING AN BORDER THREAT: BSE AND COOL EFFECTS ON THE CANADIAN BEEF INDUSTRY (TEACHING NOTE)

Palavras-chave: Farmer cooperatives; Investor-owned firms; Value added; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90804

Brewin, Derek G.; Carlberg, Jared G.; Rude, James.

Teaching Note for "Managing a Border Threat: BSE and COOL Effects on the Canadian Beef Industry" by Carlberg et al. Review of Agricultural Economics—Volume 31, Number 4—Pages 952–962. The note discusses BSE and COOL trade impact using three panel trade diagrams and reviews other policy options facing Canadian policy makers.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Trade; Teaching Case Study; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; BSE; Country of Origin Labeling; COOL; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90434

The Optimal Minimum Wage for Poverty Minimization

Goto, Hideaki.

The effects of a minimum wage on employment and on poverty have been studied in the literature. This paper characterizes the poverty minimizing minimum wage, and shows how it depends on productivity, inequality and the degree of labor market competitiveness.

Poverty Dynamics: Measurement and Understanding from an Interdisciplinary Perspective

Palavras-chave: Inequality; Labor productivity; Market competitiveness; Minimum wage; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; D6; I32; J38; J64.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51160

Addison, Tony; Hulme, David; Kanbur, Ravi.

This paper introduces a significant new multi-disciplinary collection of studies of poverty dynamics, presenting the reader with the latest thinking by a group of researchers who are leaders in their respective disciplines. It argues that there are three main fronts on which progress must be made if we are to dramatically deepen the understanding of why poverty occurs, and significantly improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction policies. First, poverty research needs to focus on poverty dynamics — over the life-course, across generations and between different social groups. Second, there is a need to move efforts to measure poverty dynamics beyond mere income and consumption to more multidimensional concepts and measures of poverty. This is...

Die Osterweiterung aus raumwirtschaftlicher Perspektive - Prognosen regionalokonomischer Theorien und Erfahrungen aus der bisherigen Integration in Europa

Palavras-chave: Poverty dynamics; Multidimensional concepts and measures; Interdisciplinary approaches; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; Public Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51107

Lammers, Konrad.

Im Zuge der Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union eröffnen sich für die Beitrittskandidatenländer gute Möglichkeiten, wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten aus Westeuropa und anderswo zu attrahieren und im Pro-Kopf-Einkommen aufzuholen. Der Aufholprozess der Beitrittsländer wird jedoch von zunehmender regionaler Divergenz in diesen Ländern begleitet sein. Diese Einschätzung beruht auf den Erfahrungen bei früheren Integrationsprozessen in Europa, insbesondere bei der Süderweiterung, und der ökonomischen Entwicklung in den Kohäsionsländern. Die bisherige Entwicklung der Beitrittskandidatenländer, die im Hinblick auf Handels- und Direktinvestitionsverflechtungen bereits in hohem Maße mit Westeuropa verflochten sind, bestätigen diese Einschätzungen. In the course of...

Corruption and Social Interaction: Evidence from China

Palavras-chave: Enlargement; Regional convergence; Integration; Economic geography; Political Economy; F15; O52; O18; R12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26126

Dong, Bing; Torgler, Benno.

We explore theoretically and empirically whether social interaction, including local and global interaction, influences the incidence of corruption. We first present an interaction-based model on corruption that predicts that the level of corruption is positively associated with social interaction. Then we empirically verify the theoretical prediction using within-country evidence at the province-level in China during 1998 to 2007. Panel data evidence clearly indicates that social interaction has a statistically significantly positive effect on the corruption rate in China. Our findings, therefore, underscore the relevance of social interaction in understanding corruption.

The Political Economy of Nutrition and Health Standards in Food Markets

Palavras-chave: Corruption; Social Interaction; China; Political Economy; K420; D720; D640; O170; J240.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99686

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Vandemoortele, Thijs.

This paper presents a general political economy model of standards. We use the model to derive political and social optima of nutrition and health standards in food markets, and to identify under which cases “understandardization” or “over-standardization” will result. The paper analyses the impact of trade and development on the political equilibrium as well as the role of the media and consumer perceptions.

Monetary Policy Challenges for Emerging Market Economies

Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Standards; Food Markets; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44364

Hammond, Gill; Kanbur, Ravi; Prasad, Eswar.

This paper introduces a significant new collection of papers on monetary policy in emerging market economies, written by leading analysts and policy makers. Does existing economic theory provide lessons that are pertinent for designing effective monetary policy frameworks in emerging markets? What can be learned from cross-country studies and from experiences of individual countries that have adopted different approaches? While country-specific circumstances and initial conditions matter a great deal in formulating suitable frameworks, are there clear general principles that can serve as a guide in this process? These are among the issues addressed in the dialogue between academics and policy makers represented in this volume. In this paper, we provide an...

The Mexican Animal Identification System: Current Situation, Problems, and Potential

Palavras-chave: Emerging Markets; Monetary Policy; Economies; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48925

Ortega, Carlos; Peel, Derrell S..

Mexico initiated a federal animal identification (ID) system (SINIIGA) in 2003. The program is administered by an agency of the federal Department of Agriculture (SAGARPA) and has been used primarily to support a federal subsidy program for livestock producers. The program is conceptually well designed, but implementation thus far falls short of the potential and needs, most importantly in animal disease management. Although substantial numbers of animals have been tagged, relatively little progress has been made in developing a usable animal ID information system. Animal health officials currently are not actively involved in the development and use of the system.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Mexican animal ID system; Livestock; Mexico; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92597

What Connects Regulatory Governance to Poverty?

Minogue, Martin.

Disconnections in US and EU Agricultural Policy and Trade Negotiations: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30642

Young, Linda M.; Hansen, Kathleen C..

This article investigates aspects of the institutions and decision making processes in the United States and the European Union that affect the coordination of domestic farm programs and trade negotiations for agriculture in each entity. We explore how current institutions and processes contribute to a level of incoherence - or lack of coordination - between domestic farm programs and trade negotiations in the United States. Constructs from transaction cost politics with an emphasis on the decision to delegate authority from the principal to an agent are used to understand how institutional processes affect the coordination of domestic legislation.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: This article investigates aspects of the institutions and decision making processes in the United States and the European Union that affect the coordination of domestic farm programs and trade negotiations for agriculture in each entity. We explore how current institutions and processes contribute to a level of incoherence - or lack of coordination - between domestic farm programs and trade negotiations in the United States. Constructs from transaction cost politics with an emphasis on the decision to delegate authority from the principal to an agent are used to understand how institutional processes affect the coordination of domestic legislation.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Political Economy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99768

MODELING THE EU'S EVERYTHING BUT ARMS INITIATIVE FOR THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Trueblood, Michael A.; Somwaru, Agapi.

This study attempts to answer two key questions: what will be the likely impact of the EU's Everything But Arms (EBA) proposal, and, what would be the impact if the United States also were to implement a similar proposal? Using the GTAP model, the preliminary results in this paper show if only the EU's EBA proposal were implemented, then welfare in the least developed countries (LDCs) would increase by $2.5 billion (0.53 percent of their GDP), exports would grow by 3 percent, and GDP would grow by 2.3 percent. If the United States and the EU both implemented similar programs, then LDC welfare would increase by $3.1 billion (0.66 percent of GDP), exports would increase by 3.7 percent and total GDP growth by 2.9 percent. Another version of this scenario...

More Impacts of Economic Reform in Poland: Welfare Changes within a Consistent Framework

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19642

Huffman, Sonya Kostova; Johnson, Stanley R..

The costs of shortages and rationing are not captured by standard consumer price indices. In this study, virtual prices for the rationed goods are used to calculate a new cost-of-living index (CLI). The results for Poland show that from 1987 to 1992 the CLI that ignores the rationing effects is biased upward from 3.6 to 6.99 percentage points per year. Compared to the welfare loss calculated by neglecting the rationing effects in the prereform period, the welfare loss that reflects the rationing is only 25 percent as large using external virtual prices, and only 15 percent as large using Hausman virtual prices.

Price transmission in the Spanish bovine sector: the BSE effect

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18397

Hassouneh, Islam; Serra, Teresa; Gil, Jose Maria.

A regime-switching vector error correction model is applied to monthly price data to assess the impact of BSE outbreaks on price relationships and patterns of transmission among farm and retail markets for bovine in Spain. To evaluate the degree to which price transmission is affected by BSE food scares, a BSE food scare index is developed and used to determine regime-switching. Results suggest that BSE scares affect beef producers and retailers differently. Consumer prices are found to be weakly exogenous and not found to react to BSE scares, while producer prices conversely adjusted. The magnitude of the adjustment is found to depend on the magnitude of the BSE scare.

SOCIAL GAIN, WELFARE, POLITICAL ECONOMY AND A' THAT

Palavras-chave: BSE crisis; Price transmission; Regime-switching; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Political Economy; Production Economics; C22; C32.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50121

Risk in Public Policy Making: A Neglected Issue in Australia

Kelso, Maurice M..

The economic criterion of public investment choice is aggregate consumers' surpluses and producers' rents generated by the investment. Its analytical model is a social revenue function and a social cost function. It is a welfare criterion only so far as efficiency is a welfare component and then subject to severe limitations. It is argued here that the economist's conclusions rest in part on a set of value preferences; therefore, the test of their rightness is in part their acceptability to the public choice-maker.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 1966

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22669

Hardaker, J. Brian; Fleming, Euan M.; Lien, Gudbrand D..

We argue for greater recognition of the risky nature of most policy decisions. In this context we discuss the gulf between public risk perceptions and attitudes and those of 'experts'. Public views of risk are often inconsistent and seemingly irrational. They nevertheless influence policy choices in a democracy. On the other hand, experts often claim unjustifiable levels of confidence in their predictions of policy choice outcomes, creating a lack of public faith in their recommendations. While risky policy choices deserve more systematic decision analysis, there is a need for more effective interaction between policy makers, decision analysts and the public.

A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT: 2001 COURT RESTRUCTURING PLAN IMPACTS ON THREE IOWA COUNTIES

Palavras-chave: Policy-making; Risk; Uncertainty; Decision Analysis; Perceptions; Subjectivity; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5997

Edelman, Mark A..

A preliminary study is one that is conducted to develop an initial framework of analysis and/or to gain an initial assessment to provide enough understanding of the research issue so as to inform the direction of a more complete and comprehensive data collection, study analysis, and policymaking deliberation. On November 8, 2001, the Iowa General Assembly and Governor approved a 4.3 percent across-the-board state budget reduction. This reduced the Judicial Branch budget by $5.5 million. In anticipation of and in response to fiscal concerns, the Judicial Branch announced plans for restructuring the Iowa court system. Iowa citizens and community and interest group leaders are interested in having the impacts of the proposals identified and assessed to assist...

LOCAL GOVERNMENT TAXING, SPENDING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: NEW EVIDENCE FOR WISCONSIN

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18217

Deller, Steven C.; Lledo, Victor.

Wisconsin is generally viewed as a high tax state. Depending on how one measures tax burdens, Wisconsin's rankings range from either the top five, or right in the middle of the national average. While these rankings have always been a source of discussion in Wisconsin, the state's current budget deficit, and the proposed solutions, has renewed the public debate about Wisconsin's fiscal policies with a vengeance. Accusations of duplication of services, higher costs inherent to the small scale of operation and a general tendency to be "big spenders" have created a firestorm of controversy. Further, a range of business support organizations has renewed yet again the call for tax reductions in the name of economic growth. In this applied research study we...

Agriculture and the World Trade Organization: Does Membership Make a Difference?

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12665

Grant, Jason H.; Boys, Kathryn A..

Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO has worked well if we ignore trade in agriculture – one of the institution’s seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows, the latter of which serves as our benchmark. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members’ agricultural trade relative to trade between non-members. Further, despite their special and differential...