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Farm Household Income and On-and-Off Farm Diversification AgEcon
McNamara, Kevin T.; Weiss, Christoph R..
The paper analyzes the relationship between off-farm labor allocation and on-farm enterprise diversification as farm household income stabilization strategies with census data from the federal state of Upper Austria, Austria. The results suggest that both on-farm diversification and off-farm labor allocation are related to farm and household characteristics. Larger farm households tend to allocate more labor to off-farm income activities.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Enterprise diversification; Farm income risk; Off-farm income; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; J20; O13; Q12; Q19; R19.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43711
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Farm Growth, Consolidation, and Diversification: Washington Dairy Industry AgEcon
Skolrud, Tristan D.; O'Donoghue, Erik J.; Shumway, C. Richard; Melhim, Almuhanad.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Q12.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94489
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Determinants for fallowing land: The case of Kosovo AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes; Davidova, Sophia; Latruffe, Laure.
The key question of this paper is why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when the total land of their farms is rather small and households are rather large. In order to elicit some barriers to land utilisation in Kosovo, the paper is based on a comprehensive survey carried out in 2005 investigating agricultural households’ perceptions of production and market conditions, and employs several households and farm characteristics to empirically approximate the significance of different factors for leaving land fallow and not using it for production purposes. Three different econometric models are used expected to fit the data distribution. All estimated model specifications show a statistical significance at a satisfactory level and no severe signs of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Fallow land decision; Kosovo; Tobit regression; Fractional response regression; Zero-inflated binomial regression; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51626
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HEALTH CHECK AND LABOUR MARKET: CRITICAL EVIDENCES AND POLITICAL NEEDS AgEcon
Ievoli, Corrado; Macri, Maria Carmela.
Rural employment is one of the most important item of the Common Agricultural Policy reform. Attractiveness and development of rural areas are strictly linked to quality of job opportunities in rural areas. In addiction role of migrant workforce in primary sector viability is not enough considered. So it’s necessary to build a conceptual framework to analyse the interaction existing between immigration and agricultural labour market. Therefore the first aim of the paper is to build such framework considering the several approaches which can be used to face the issue. This framework is used to analyse the Italian case; Italy has become an important destination for migrations, and in this country a migrant workforce plays an important role in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Health Check; Labour Markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44786
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Optimal Coverage Level Choice with Individual and Area Plans of Insurance AgEcon
Bulut, Harun; Collins, Keith J.; Zacharias, Thomas P..
We theoretically examine a farmer’s coverage demand with area and individual insurance plans as either separate or integrated options. The individual and area losses are assumed to be imperfectly and positively correlated. With actuarially fair rates, the farmer will fully insure with the individual plan and demand no area insurance regardless of the plans being separate or integrated. Under separate plans, free area insurance and the fair rate for individual insurance, area insurance replaces a portion of individual insurance demand. Under integrated plans, free area insurance, and the fair rate for individual insurance, the farmer will over-insure with individual plan and demand additional area insurance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk; Area plans of insurance; Crop insurance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; G22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103185
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The sustainability of small dairy farms in six regions of France. The roles of resources and local institutions AgEcon
Mundler, Patrick; Jauneau, Jean-Claude; Guermonprez, Bruno; Pluvinage, Jean.
A survey of more than 150 small dairy farms and local economic, professional and political stakeholders was conducted in six regions of France. It revealed five types of farm strategy in relation to the farm’s size, agricultural diversification, importance of direct selling, and farm and household incomes. A “resource-based” approach shows that the sustainability of small farms is linked to economic, social and human resources. In this way the study shows the important part played by the household’s income and the farmer’s integration in the social fabric. This approach is complemented by an institutional approach: The sustainability of a small farm depends on local economic, professional and political institutions and an important role is played by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Small dairy farms; Sustainability; Resources; Territorial institutions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q18; R10; R58.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52820
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An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to climate change adaptation in agriculture AgEcon
Kolikow, Steven; Kragt, Marit Ellen; Mugera, Amin W..
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed conference as: Kragt, M.E., Mugera, A. & Kolikow, S. (2013) An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to agricultural climate change adaptation. In: Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. & Boland J. (Eds) MODSIM2013, 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, Adelaide, 1-6 December 2013, pp. 593–599. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-3-1. Session B2: http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/B2/kragt.pdf
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agriculture; Australia; Broad-acre Farming; Conceptual Modelling; Climate Change; Epistemology; Interdisciplinary Research; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q54.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120467
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FARM HOUSEHOLD LABOR ALLOCATION AND HIRED LABOR DEMANDS IN THE MIDWEST U.S.: THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS AgEcon
Roucan-Kane, Maud; Keeney, Roman.
In addition to farm work, most farm households in developed countries have at least one person working off-farm. The purpose of this paper is to examine if, and how, government payments, personal characteristics and household characteristics affect labor allocation of farm operators and their spouses, and the decisions to hire labor. We estimate an 8-regime multinomial logit model and a three equation multivariate probit model to quantify these impacts. Results indicate that age of household members is consistent with the life-cycle hypothesis on increasing then decreasing labor market par, and is positively associated with demand for hired labor. Hired farm labor and off farm activities increase with the operator education levels. As household size...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Government subsidies; Government programs; Time allocation; Labor allocation; Off-farm labor; Farm labor; Hired labor; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; J22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6711
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Wheat Diversity and Productivity in Indian Punjab After the Green Revolution AgEcon
Smale, Melinda; Singh, Joginder; Di Falco, Salvatore; Zambrano, Patricia.
The Punjab of India is an historical source of key wheat genetic resources in national and global plant breeding, and a focus of concerns about the abandonment of local varieties during the Green Revolution. Much of the wheat area in Punjab was already planted with earlier products of modern plant breeding programs when the Green Revolution began. These cultivars were more genetically similar and less productive than the semi-dwarf wheat varieties that succeeded them. We define, summarize and test indices of variety change and genetic diversity for the modern wheat varieties released and grown in Indian Punjab during the post-Green Revolution period. The first is the area-weighted average of varieties grown, which measures the rate of variety change,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic diversity; Indian Punjab; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25794
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Agricultural Household Response to Avian Influenza Prevention and Control Policies AgEcon
Beach, Robert H.; Poulos, Christine; Pattanayak, Subhrendu K..
Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa have caused severe impacts on the poultry sector through bird mortality and culling, as well as resulting trade restrictions and negative demand shocks. Although poultry producers play a major role in preventing and controlling avian influenza, little research has examined the influence of their farm-level decision making on the spread of the disease. In this study, we describe farm behavior under livestock disease risk and discuss data and analyses necessary to generate sound empirical evidence to inform public avian influenza prevention and control measures.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Avian influenza; Control measures; Economic epidemiology; Livestock disease; Poultry production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6537
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Estimating Farm Efficiency in the Presence of Double Heteroscedasticity Using Panel Data AgEcon
Hadri, Kaddour; Guermat, Cherif; Whittaker, Julie.
The accuracy of technical efficiency measures is important given the interest in such measures in policy discussions. In recent years the use of stochastic frontiers has become popular for estimating technical inefficiency, but estimated inefficiencies are sensitive to specification errors. One source of such errors is heteroscedasticity. This paper addresses this issue by extending the Hadri (1999) correction for heteroscedasticity to stochastic production frontiers and to panel data. It is argued that heteroscedasticity within an estimation can have a significant effect on results, and that correcting for heteroscedasticity yields more accurate measures of technical inefficiency. Using panel data on cereal farms, it is found that the usual technical...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier production; Heteroscedasticity; Technical efficiency; Panel data; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; C24; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43994
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YIELD RESPONSE TO PRICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY MODELING AgEcon
Keeney, Roman; Hertel, Thomas W..
We examine the determinants of own-price output supply response in policy models, focusing primarily on the OECD-PEM equilibrium displacement model. Reviewing expert assessments and econometric literature estimates we find that there is evidence to both support and challenge the relatively high supply response of a model like the OECD-PEM. We also consider possible avenues of reconciliation between evidence that supports and challenges the assumed supply response in the OECD-PEM model. Our analysis of supply response in the OECD-PEM case and from reviewing literature leads us to recommend that future econometric investigation be focused on the role of farm household owned resource mobility as it contributes to agricultural supply response.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Supply response; Yield elasticity; Policy models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Q11; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45969
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DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND VARIETAL-GAP OF RICE PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: A META-FRONTIER MODEL APPROACH AgEcon
Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo; Adewumi, Matthew Olaniyi; Ojehomon, Vivian E.T..
This study uses the concept of meta-frontier function to examine the technical efficiency and varietal-gap of rice production in Nigeria. A random sample of 675 farmers was selected from three out six geographical zones in Nigeria. The farmers in this study were classified into three groups according to the variety of rice they planted. The three main varieties of rice planted are local (Ofada), improved (Mai-Nasara) and New Rice for African (NERICA). The technical efficiency indices were computed using the meta-frontier approach because production varieties and technologies were expected to differ between the three varieties. This method allows the measure of the varietal-differences which is the Technology Gap Ratio (TGR). Estimates of the frontier were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nigeria agriculture; Rice; Production Function; Meta-Frontier; Technical Efficiency and Varietal Technology gap; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51563
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Simulating a Market for Tradable Greenhouse Gas Emissions Permits amongst Irish Farmers AgEcon
Breen, James P..
Research into Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from Irish agriculture has focused on two main themes (i) projecting future emission levels and (ii) devising abatement strategies at the farm level such as changes in animal diet, better waste management and or changes in farm management practices. These abatement strategies will have costs associated with them some of which, such as capital investment or reducing livestock numbers, may be substantial. However economic theory indicates that market based solutions such as tradable emissions permits (TEP’s) are the least cost means of achieving desired reductions in emissions. To date within Europe a regulatory approach has been favoured when trying to curtail emissions from agriculture, the Nitrates Directive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Farm level modelling; Greenhouse gas emissions; Tradable emissions permits; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36770
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Distinguishing Different Industry Technologies and Localized Technical Change AgEcon
Morrison Paul, Catherine J.; Sauer, Johannes.
This contribution is based on the notion that different technologies are present in an industry. These different technologies result in differential “drivers” of economic performance depending on the kind of technology used by the individual firm. In a first step different technologies are empirically distinguished. Subsequently, the associated production patterns are approximated and the respective change over time is estimated. A latent class modelling approach is used to distinguish different technologies for a representative sample of E.U. dairy producers as an industry exhibiting significant structural changes and differences in production systems in the past decades. The production technology is modelled and evaluated by using the flexible functional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Heterogenous Technologies; Transformation Function; Localized Technical Change; Production Economics; Q12; O33; C35.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91749
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Intensive versus Extensive Dairy Production Systems: Dairy States in the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. and Key Pasture Countries the E.U.: Determining the Competitive Edge AgEcon
Nehring, Richard F.; Sauer, Johannes; Gillespie, Jeffrey M.; Hallahan, Charles B..
In recent years, significant structural and production system changes have been noted in the U.S. and European Union, as well as increased interest in pasture-based dairy systems. Technical efficiency, returns to scale, and farm characteristics are compared by size and production system in traditional U.S. dairy states and E.U. countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: U.S.; EU Countries; Dairy Systems; Technical Efficiency; Returns To Scale; Size; Technology; Land Prices; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98824
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Optimal Coverage Level Choice with Individual and Area Plans of Insurance AgEcon
Bulut, Harun; Collins, Keith J.; Zacharias, Thomas P..
We theoretically examine a farmer’s coverage demand with area and individual insurance plans as either separate or integrated options. The individual and area losses are assumed to be imperfectly and positively correlated. With actuarially fair rates, the farmer will fully insure with the individual plan and demand no area insurance regardless of the plans being separate or integrated. Under separate plans, free area insurance and the fair rate for individual insurance, area insurance replaces a portion of individual insurance demand. Under integrated plans, free area insurance, and the fair rate for individual insurance, the farmer over-insures using both area and individual plans.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk; Area plans of insurance; Crop insurance; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; G22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98803
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The Beginning Farmers’ Problem In Canada AgEcon
Pouliot, Sebastien.
Concerns about beginning farmers in Canada derive from trends in data that show that the population of farmers and the number of young farmers are declining. This paper discusses and analyses issues regarding the constraints and opportunities beginning farmers in Canada face. The discussion covers whether issues peculiar to beginning farmers are, from an economic policy point of view, a source of concern and whether there are motives for government intervention. The main conclusions are 1) the decline in the number of farms in Canada responds to economic forces, 2) the price of fixed assets constitutes the main barrier to entry and 3) government support to entry in agriculture would have a negligible effect on the number of farms and the entry of new farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Barriers to Entry; Beginning Farmers; Fixed Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q10; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118019
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A Life-Cycle Perspective on Governing Cooperative Enterprises in Agriculture AgEcon
Hueth, Brent; Reynolds, Anne.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Governance; Life Cycle; Competition; Finance; Agribusiness; Q12; Q13; Q14.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117411
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Natural Disasters and Agriculture: Individual Risk Preferences towards Flooding AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes.
This study contributes to the understanding of behavioural responses to climate change induced extreme weather events. It suggest a microeconometric method for measuring flooding related risk preferences of affected individuals. The method is outlined using the empirical case of agricultural production in floodplains of the UK over 28 years. A quasi-experimental approach to measure differences in the risk attitudes of farmers located in high flooding risk areas versus farmers located in low flooding risk areas is followed. Changes in flooding risk related behaviour over time is analysed and marginal effects of different individual and disaster related characteristics for this behaviour are investigated. Beside a moments based risk estimation approach the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Extreme Events; Risk; Agriculture; Natural Experiments; Behavioural Adaptation; Extreme Ereignisse; Risiko; Landwirtschaft; Natürliche Experimente; Verhaltensadaption; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; C54.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114497
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