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| Registros recuperados: 269 | |
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| Yano, Yuki; Blandford, David. |
| Achieving high compliance rates in incentive-based agri-environmental schemes is an important issue. This paper explores the use of a mixed penalty-reward approach under heterogeneous compliance costs. Specifically, we examine the use of a “compliance reward” under asymmetric information and output price uncertainty. Using a budget-neutral approach, three possible sources of financing are considered: 1. funds obtained by reducing monitoring effort; 2. the proceeds of fines collected from participating farmers who are inspected and found not to be in compliance; and 3. money saved by reducing the number of farmers enrolled. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each source of funding and analyze them numerically for both risk-neutral and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Moral hazard; Penalties; Payments for compliance; Q12; Q20; Q28; Q57. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36873 |
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| McEvoy, David M.; Brandt, Sylvia J.; Lavoie, Nathalie; Anders, Sven M.. |
| In this paper we use a general model of imperfect competition to predict welfare changes within an open-access fishery transitioning to individual transferable quota (ITQ) management. Although related research has explored the effects of market power in the harvesting sector on ITQ performance, none have considered the implications of an imperfectly competitive processing sector. This study addresses this question specifically in the context of the Atlantic herring fishery, although its implications are relevant to all fisheries with similar industry structure. Our results show that ITQs could have a negative impact on fishermen’s welfare when processors have market power and the cap on aggregate harvest is binding or becomes binding with the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: ITQ; Imperfect competition; Welfare analysis; Fisheries; Risk and Uncertainty; D43; Q22; Q28; L13. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7389 |
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| Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. |
| This paper investigates the regional air pollution effects that could result from new opportunities for inter-regional power transmission in the wake of more competitive electricity markets. The regional focus is important because of great regional variation in the vintage, efficiency and plant utilization rates of existing generating capacity, as well as differences in emission rates, cost of generation and electricity price. Increased competition in generation could open the door to changes in the regional profile of generation and emissions. We characterize the key determinant of changes in electricity generation and transmission as the relative cost of electricity among neighboring regions. In general, low cost regions are expected to export power... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Electricity restructuring; Transmission; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q28. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10766 |
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| Ando, Amy Whritenour. |
| This paper explores the influence of the behavior of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management on effective public policy toward the national forests. It shows that fluctuations in stumpage sales from such forests have been large. Furthermore, those fluctuations could well have a significant impact on the price elasticity of harvest even with large stocks of uncut volume under contract. System analysis of harvest and sale patterns in nine regions during the period 1951-1992 shows that stumpage sales displayed little correlation with prices during the period; the positive price elasticity of harvest seems to have been induced largely by the behavior of logging firms. However, it finds a positive link between National Forest budgets and annual sales.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Stumpage; Harvest; Sales; National Forests; Budget; Price elasticity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10456 |
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| Cattaneo, Andrea. |
| A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results. For land retirement programs we conclude that, for the cases considered, the exogenous environmental performance does... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; D8; H5; Q28; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25438 |
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| Sterner, Thomas; Hoglund, Lena. |
| In this paper, we discuss the effect of refunding environmental charges. Taxes often are resisted by polluters because they imply both abatement and tax costs. We show that when charges are refunded, the incentives for abatement are essentially the same as for a tax, but the output reduction that often accompanies a tax scheme is forgone. We describe and examine the refund emissions payment (REP) scheme as a policy instrument for emissions abatement and compare it with taxes and permits with regard to allocative properties, distribution of costs, property rights, and, consequently, the politics of implementation. As an empirical example, the Swedish charge on nitrogen oxides is analyzed. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Refunded charge; Incentived-based environmental policy; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q25; H23. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10670 |
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| Stranlund, John K.; Zhang, Wei. |
| We study the impact of bankruptcy risk on markets for tradable environmental and natural resource permits. We find that firms that risk bankruptcy demand more permits than if they were financially secure. Consequently, bankruptcy risk in a competitive market for tradable property rights causes an inefficient distribution of individual choices among regulated firms. Moreover, the equilibrium distribution of permits is not independent of the initial distribution of permits. In fact, the inefficiency that is associated with bankruptcy risk is mitigated if financially insecure firms are given a larger share of the initial allocation of permits. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Bankruptcy; Tradable permits; Permit markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q28; Q58. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7384 |
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| Boyd, James; Kunreuther, Howard. |
| The optimal design of environmental liability policy focuses on two primary policy issues: the cleanup of existing sources of pollution and the definition and enforcement of policies to promote prospectively efficient environmental risk reduction. Through the analysis of a policy toward a pervasive environmental risk -- leaking underground storage tanks - we analyze the effectiveness of an existing policy governing retroactive and prospective liability issues and suggest ways in which that policy can be improved. While we find some theoretical support for the public financing of UST cleanups, we also find the current system to be flawed in its implementation. In general, the paper argues that public financing of past pollution cleanup costs can lead to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Liability; Underground storage tanks; Risk and Uncertainty; K13; Q28. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10768 |
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| Powell, Mark R.; Lile, Ronald D.; Toman, Michael. |
| This paper assesses the constraints and opportunities for private-sector participation in Activities Implemented Jointly under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. After some initial background, the discussion turns to the United States Initiative on Joint Implementation (USIJI) - its objectives, proposal review and evaluation criteria, and a classification of project proposals by project type and stage of development. Two USIJI projects are developed as case studies. One case is an energy end use project that has gained formal acceptance and financing. The other case is an energy production project proposal that has not secured acceptance or financing. In both cases, transaction costs were substantial, and project proponents regarded... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Joint implementation; Public Economics; Q28; F21. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10555 |
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| Slunge, Daniel; Sterner, Thomas. |
| This paper studies the Swedish prohibition of the hazardous solvent Trichloroethylene (TCE). Sweden is alone in completely prohibiting its use. The ban has been at best a partial success and illustrates the dilemmas of policymaking. Use has declined but not stopped, largely because the decision to ban TCE was challenged in the courts. Recently, the EU Court of Justice decided in favor of Sweden's right to have a ban. This article analyzes abatement cost data to show that the cost of replacing TCE is low for most plants, although there appear to be a few firms for which it may be quite high. A cross-country comparison indicates that the Swedish ban was less effective than the very strict technical requirements in Germany or the tax used in Norway. A tax (or... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Hazardous chemicals; Regulation; Environmental tax; Solvents; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; L50; Q28; K32. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10516 |
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| Registros recuperados: 269 | |
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