SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Rister, M. Edward; Sturdivant, Allen W.; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Michelsen, Ari M..

The Rio Grande has headwaters in Colorado, flows through New Mexico, and serves as the United States.–Mexico border in Texas, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Snow melt in Colorado and northern New Mexico constitutes the water river supply for New Mexico and the El Paso region, whereas summer monsoonal flow from the Rio Conchos in Mexico and tributaries, including the Pecos River, provides the Rio Grande flow for southern Texas. The region is mostly semiarid with frequent long-term drought periods but is also characterized by a substantial irrigated agriculture sector and a rapidly growing population. International treaties and interstate compacts provide the rules for allocation of Rio Grande waters between the United States and Mexico and among...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural economics; Conservation; Irrigation; Natural resources; Renewable resources; Resources; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q5; Q15; Q20; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113529

The Waikato River Settlement and Natural Resource Management in New Zealand

Steenstra, Alex.

This paper examines the Waikato River Agreement in Principle by considering the implications of accommodating cultural values in natural resource management for the Waikato River and New Zealand. Economics will continue to play an integral part in the management of the Waikato River and natural resources in New Zealand. The settlement provides an opportunity to rethink how to incorporate Maori knowledge, cultural and social relationships, and social, cultural, and economic wellbeing in an integrated, holistic, and coordinated approach.

Water, Women, and Local Social Organization in the Western Kenya Highlands

Palavras-chave: Water; Cultural values; Natural resource economics; Co-management; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96665

Were, Elizabeth; Swallow, Brent M.; Roy, Jessica.

Safe water is widely recognized as both a fundamental human need and a key input into economic activity. Across the developing world, the typical approach to addressing these needs is to segregate supplies of water for domestic use from water for large-scale agricultural production. In that arrangement, the goal of domestic water supply is to provide small amounts of clean safe water for direct consumption, cleaning, bathing and sanitation, while the goal of agricultural water supply is to provide large amounts of lower quality water for irrigated agriculture. A new third use of water is now being given more attention by researchers: small amounts of water employed in selected household enterprises. This third use may be particularly important for women....

Public values for improved water security for domestic and environmental use

Palavras-chave: Gender; Kenya; Water; Collective action; Community organization; Community-based organizations; Women; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42496

Estimating Economic Health Costs of Not Controlling Toxic Water Pollution

Windle, Jill; Rolfe, John; Brouwer, Roy.

Metrics for evaluating environmental trade-offs can be developed with varying levels of consistency across case study sites. A key issue is whether standard evaluation experiments can be conducted over multiple sites, or whether experiments have to be tailored to each case study application. To test how useful a consistent approach is, choice modelling (CM) has been used in a number of countries. Choice modelling assess the trade-offs households are prepared to make between water use restrictions, maintaining environmental conditions in waterways, and increased water costs. This research paper reports the results of the Queensland survey. The results show that it is not possible to downplay case study framing issues and that it is not appropriate to...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Water; Environment; Framing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94818

Easter, K. William; Konishi, Yoshifumi.

The purpose of this paper is to determine what types of information may be important in determining the welfare benefits of preventing toxic water contamination when a given type of toxification occurs (or is likely to occur) in a given setting. It attempts to identify information and behavior issues that need to be considered when policy makers and others wish to obtain reasonable estimates of welfare benefits and weigh them against the economic costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides reasonable "scenarios" for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies (surface water or groundwater). We make use of two country alternatives--one in developing countries and the other in developed countries--to demonstrate, with specific examples of...

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2009

Palavras-chave: Welfare costs; Arsenic; Mercury; Atrazine; Information; Water; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25768

Agricultural Trade and Freshwater Resources

This 2009 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system. It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide: an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system; a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system. Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators. The 2009 report begins with a special feature which describes indicators to benchmark competitiveness of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector at the...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Competitiveness; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59885

Seawater Desalination for Municipal Water Production

Reimer, Jeffrey J..

Approximately 75% of all water used by humans goes towards food production, much of which is traded internationally. This study formally models how this works in the case of crop agriculture, making use of recent advances in international trade theory and new data on the productivity by which countries use water for crop agriculture. The strength of the model lies in its ability to predict, when there is a shock to the system, how trade between pairs of specific countries changes for products that use water intensively. In one application of the model, international trade in final products is shown to be a means for countries to deal with short- and long-run shocks to water resources that are too big for one country to handle by itself in isolation. In...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Simulation; Trade liberalization; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F11; F18; Q25; Q54.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123944

Leidner, Andrew J.; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Rister, M. Edward; Woodard, Joshua D.; Sturdivant, Allen W.; White, Jacob M..

This paper examines the optimal allocation of several inputs in the context of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (RO) as a source of municipal (or commercial or industrial) water. A cost-minimization model is developed, a production function is estimated, and sensitivity analyses are conducted using the optimization model to investigate the effect of environmental conditions and economic factors on the optimal input portfolio and the cost of operating a modeled seawater desalination facility. The objectives of this paper are to better understand the effect on the seawater desalination facility’s costs and input portfolio from changes in water quality, membrane lifespan, daily operations schedule, and energy prices. Findings include that lower...

Private Sector Participation in the Water and Wastewater Services Industry

Palavras-chave: Water; Production; Seawater desalination; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98827

Baumert, Jennifer; Bloodgood, Laura.

Countries introduce private sector participation into the water and wastewater utilities sector for a number of reasons. The introduction of a profit motive may increase efficiency as compared to public management of the water system, and private firms have been noted for customer service improvements. Financial considerations, including revenues from the sale of assets and reductions in the direct cost of providing water services, may also motivate governments to introduce private sector participation in this industry. However, because water is a basic human necessity, the introduction of private participation in this industry sector may raise social, economic, and national security concerns. Private participation in the global water and wastewater...

Water Saving Technology in Chinese Rice Production - Evidence from Survey Data

Palavras-chave: Water; Wastewater; Environmental services; Private sector participation; Public Economics.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15876

Abdulai, Awudu; Glauben, Thomas; Herzfeld, Thomas; Zhou, Shudong.

Whereas water is an important input in rice production, China faces severe problems with increasing demand for water and limited water resources. In conventional paddy production, one of the most important irrigated crops, a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation. Therefore, it exist a vivid research in water saving rice technologies. This paper analyzes the adoption of one of these water-saving rice production technologies, the so-called Ground Cover Rice Production System (GCRPS), in the Hubei province. Based on farm survey data several factors which affect the adoption decision could be identified. The adoption decision is treated as a binary choice problem and therefore a probit model is used for the...

Impacts of considering climate variability on investment decisions in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: China; Technology adoption; Water; GCRPS; Probit; Crop Production/Industries; O30; Q16.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24708

Block, Paul J.; Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Diao, Xinshen.

Extreme interannual variability of precipitation within Ethiopia is not uncommon, inducing droughts or floods and often creating serious repercussions on agricultural and non-agricultural commodities. An agro-economic model, including mean climate variables, was developed to assess irrigation and road construction investment strategies in comparison to a baseline scenario over a 12-year time horizon. The motivation for this work is to evaluate whether the inclusion of climate variability in the model has a significant effect on prospective investment strategies and the resulting country-wide economy. The mean climate model is transformed into a variable climate model by dynamically adding yearly climate-yield factors, which influence agricultural...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Climate change; Water; Droughts; Flooding; Irrigation; Economic aspects; Road construction; Investments; Economic situation; Agro-economic model; Food and water security; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55419

ALTERNATIVAS PARA A GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL NO BRASIL: A OPÇÃO PELA BIOMASSA

Marconato, Mariane Silva; Santini, Giuliana Aparecida.

Durante muito tempo, os recursos fósseis e hídricos foram os grandes propulsores da civilização e da economia. O Brasil também se apoiou nessas fontes energéticas para o desenvolvimento de atividades industriais, agrícolas, de serviços e da própria sociedade. Entretanto, vive-se hoje uma crise no abastecimento energético, em função da problemática geopolítica, econômica e ambiental em torno da extração e comercialização desses recursos, uma vez que possuem ainda, caráter não renovável, portanto, finito na natureza. Os escassos investimentos governamentais e a abertura econômica do setor energético resultou no fim do monopólio energético, o que favoreceu a implantação de sistemas alternativos, na maioria, advindos da biomassa. Dentre esses, destaca-se a...

Collective Action for Water Harvesting Irrigation in Lerma-Chapala Basin, Mexico

Palavras-chave: Energia; Fóssil; Hídrico; Renovável; Biomassa; Energy; Fossil; Water; Renewable; Biomass; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112629

Scott, Christopher A.; Silva-Ochoa, Paula.

Water and watersheds are difficult to separate for management purposes. Providing irrigation as a supplement to rainfall for crop production requires considerable collective action at the watershed level to mobilize labor and other resources, as well as to make decisions and implement the distribution of benefits. Small- scale water harvesting irrigation systems in Mexico have endured for centuries. They now face considerable challenges with changes in the ejido property rights over land and water, the growing importance of alternative sources of livelihoods, and increasing scarcity and competition for water within the river basins. Two case studies of water harvesting irrigation systems in the Lerma-Chapala Basin illustrate the response of communities to...

Devolution and Accountability Effects in the Public Provision of Water Services in Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Watershed; Water harvesting; Water; Collective action; Property rights; Mexico; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50057

Meirelles, Patricia; Rodriguez, Catherine.

This paper separately evaluates how devolution and accountability, two distinct aspects of the decentralization reforms implemented in Indonesia in the year 2001, influenced the public provision of water services. Using household level data it is found that the devolution of responsibility does not necessarily affect the provision of public services. Our findings show that the quality of publicly provided water decreased only in cities in which devolution was accompanied by a change in accountability. Robustness checks suggest that these results are driven by changes in the accountability framework rather than trends in the health services.

Agricultura familiar, água e estratégias produtivas no rio dos Cochos, campos gerais de Minas

Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Decentralization; Accountability; Devolution; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O2; I18; H2; H54.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107395

Galizoni, Flavia Maria; Ribeiro, Eduardo Magalhaes; Lopes, Elias Carlos; Chiodi, Rafael Eduardo; Reis, Ricardo Pereira.

O Alto-Médio São Francisco, inserido no bioma caatinga, está localizado na porção norte do estado de Minas, região semi-árida, marcada por uma distribuição muito irregular das chuvas no correr do ano. Esta região é alvo de projetos de irrigação, interessados principalmente nas águas do São Francisco, e na de seus principais afluentes. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre comunidades de lavradores e água em um meio onde existe grande sazonalidade na disponibilidade natural de recursos hídricos e, ao mesmo tempo, incentivos maciços para projetos intensivos em uso de água. Procura analisar, principalmente, os manejos comunitários das águas realizados por agricultores familiares, a relação entre disponibilidade de água, produção de alimentos e...

Biological Control of Giant Reed (Arundo donax): Economic Aspects

Palavras-chave: Semi-árido; Agricultura familiar; Água; Semiarid; Family farmer; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106123

Seawright, Emily K.; Rister, M. Edward; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Sturdivant, Allen W.; Goolsby, John A.; McCorkle, Dean A..

Arundo donax is a large, invasive weed consuming large quantities of water in the riparian area of the Texas Rio Grande Basin. With water availability a concern to the area, the USDA-ARS is investigating biological control agents to increase available water, creating a benefit to both the region’s economy and society in general.

Agricultural Water Security and Instream Flows for Endangered Salmonids in Coastal California's Watersheds

Palavras-chave: Arundo donax; Giant Reed; Water; Economics; Invasive; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46740

Mezzatesta, Mariano; Newburn, David A.; Brozovic, Nicholas.

Many rural landowners within the Western United States do not have access to a secure water supply provided by a major dam or an irrigation district. Such water users must rely instead on groundwater pumping and/or seasonal water flows from tributaries. Some of these agricultural producers choose to store winter stream flows from tributaries within onsite reservoirs to secure their spring/summer water needs. However, regulatory agencies have increased restrictions on surface water storage and diversions to improve instream flows for endangered salmon, thus reducing water security for many landowners not located along the main stem. The majority of salmon habitat is within the tributaries located throughout a watershed. Most research regarding instream...

Are Two Economic Instruments Better Than One? Combining Taxes and Quotas under Political Lobbying

Palavras-chave: Instream flow; Salmon; Endangered species; Water; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61485

Finkelshtain, Israel; Kan, Iddo; Kislev, Yoav.

Direct commands, market based, or combined, whichever is the government's mean of intervention, is expected to raise political lobbying and pressure. This study offers a political-economic model of an industry, which is regulated by an integrated system of both direct and market based policies. The model is used for a normative theoretical analysis and as a basis for a structural econometric framework. Exploiting a unique data set that describes the regulations of irrigation water in Israel during the mid eighties by means of quotas and prices, the political and technological parameters of the model are structurally estimated and used to assess the relative efficiency of quotas, prices and integrated regulation regimes.

Influence of Climate Variability on the Market Price of Water in the Gila-San Francisco Basin

Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Natural Resources; Water; Political Economy; D72.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93133

Pullen, Jennifer L.; Colby, Bonnie G..

Emerging water markets in the western United States have slowly developed as usage patterns have changed over time. This article develops an econometric model for the Gila-San Francisco Basin. Results indicate the market price of water has risen in response to drought and market conditions. Analysis shows a statistically significant relationship between the price and quantity of water transferred, year the transaction occurred, location where the transaction occurred, new use of the water right, and whether the transaction occurred during a drought year. Using the Standard Precipitation Index, we find negotiated prices are higher during dry years.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Drought; Econometrics; Hedonic; Market price; Palmer Hydrological Drought Index; Standard Precipitation Index; Water; Western United States; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46568

An Optimal Control Framework to Address the Relationship between Water Resource Management and Water-Borne Health Impacts: Focus on the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley

Leidner, Andrew J.; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Rister, M. Edward; Sturdivant, Allen W..

The objective of this study is develop a theoretical model that can evaluate two types of public health expenditures on water-borne health risks: water-related municipal services, an ex ante preventative measure against water-borne contamination, and medical treatment, an ex post treatment of the water-borne pollutant’s harmful effects on human health. The modeled community can allocate resources in either centralized-municipal water-services, point-of-use water-services, or medical intervention, with expenditures subject to a budget constraint. The movement of a water-borne illness through the community is modeled with a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) disease framework. An optimization framework is developed, including a statement of the...