SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRODUCING BIOTECH TRAITS IN A MARKET WITH SEGMENTS AND SEGREGATION COSTS: THE CASE OF ROUNDUP READY® WHEAT--SUMMARY

Ghoshray, Atanu.

Wheat types may be classified according to strength, a baking characteristic. Since the demand for wheat is derived demand, the baking characteristic is directly related to end use. Accordingly, the wheat classes that are used in this study are divided into sub-groups according to strength, that is, strong, medium, and weak wheats. Time-series methods are employed to determine how the different classes of wheats are related within each sub-group. The different wheats under the different sub-groups are found to be substitutes to various degrees, but form a robust cointegrating relationship, implying that the wheat prices in these markets are bound together by a long-term equilibrium relationship. Within each of the sub-groups, the U.S. wheats were found to...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Wheat; Price leadership; Market segmentation; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10209

Wilson, William W.; DeVuyst, Eric A.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D.; Dahl, Bruce L..

Roundup Ready® Wheat (RRW) was one of the first genetically modified (GM) traits for the wheat sector and was under review by regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada when Monsanto withdrew it from further consideration. There are a multitude of issues associated with the ex ante evaluation of this decision. These include market acceptance and segregation, as well as the varying sources of cost savings and productivity gains. In this article, we develop a spatial partial equilibrium model of the higher-protein hard wheat market and assess the changes in the distribution of welfare associated with release and adoption of RRW. It incorporates segments for GM aversion in each market and segregation costs for each segment. Major conclusions...

Wheat Diversity and Productivity in Indian Punjab After the Green Revolution

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Welfare analysis; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23611

Smale, Melinda; Singh, Joginder; Di Falco, Salvatore; Zambrano, Patricia.

The Punjab of India is an historical source of key wheat genetic resources in national and global plant breeding, and a focus of concerns about the abandonment of local varieties during the Green Revolution. Much of the wheat area in Punjab was already planted with earlier products of modern plant breeding programs when the Green Revolution began. These cultivars were more genetically similar and less productive than the semi-dwarf wheat varieties that succeeded them. We define, summarize and test indices of variety change and genetic diversity for the modern wheat varieties released and grown in Indian Punjab during the post-Green Revolution period. The first is the area-weighted average of varieties grown, which measures the rate of variety change,...

The Marketing Performance of Illinois and Kansas Wheat Farmers

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic diversity; Indian Punjab; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q57.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25794

Dietz, Sarah N.; Aulerich, Nicole M.; Irwin, Scott H.; Good, Darrel L..

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the marketing performance of wheat farmers in Illinois and Kansas over 1982–2004. The results show that farmer benchmark prices for wheat in Illinois and Kansas fall in the middle third of the price range about half to three-quarters of the time. Consistent with previous studies, this refutes the contention that Illinois and Kansas wheat farmers routinely market the bulk of their wheat crop in the bottom portion of the price range. Tests of the average difference between farmer and market benchmark prices are sensitive to the market benchmark considered. The marketing performance of wheat farmers in Illinois and Kansas is about equal to the market if a 24- or 20-month market benchmark is used, slightly above the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Benchmarks; Illinois; Kansas; Marketing; Performance; Price; Wheat; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q11; Q13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48762

WHEAT CHARACTERISTIC DEMAND AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED GRAINS

Janzen, Edward L.; Mattson, Jeremy W.; Wilson, William W..

Agricultural biotechnology is advancing rapidly and is embracing all major crops. The adoption of genetically modified corn, soybeans, and cotton have reached high levels in the United States. Wheat is the next major crop confronting the biotechnology issue, but no commercial varieties of genetically modified (GM) wheat have been released yet. Primary opportunities for GM developments in wheat center around improvements that meet consumer and end-user needs/issues in addition to meeting producer efficiencies. Developers and proponents of GM wheat must focus on education of consumers and restoration of worldwide confidence in the regulatory systems. The most desired wheat quality trait among millers and bakers is the assurance of consistent quality.

Potential Implications of a Special Safeguard Mechanism in the WTO: the Case of Wheat

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Wheat-based foods; Agricultural biotechnology; Genetically modified; GM; Herbicide-tolerant; Functional foods; Nutraceuticals.; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23508

Hertel, Thomas W.; Martin, William J.; Leister, Amanda M..

The Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) was a key issue in the July 2008 failure to reach agreement in the WTO negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda. It includes both price (P-SSM) and quantity-triggered measures (Q-SSM). This paper uses a stochastic simulation model of the world wheat market to investigate the effects of policy makers implementing policies based on the SSM rules. As expected, implementation of the Q-SSM is found to reduce imports, raise domestic prices, and boost mean domestic production in the SSM regions. However, rather than insulating countries that use it from price volatility, it would actually increase domestic price volatility in developing countries, largely by restricting imports when domestic output is low and prices...

Willingness to Pay for Weather Derivatives by Australian Wheat Farmers

Palavras-chave: Safeguard; SSM; WTO; Volatility; Wheat; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Q1; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61000

Simmons, Phil; Edwards, Miriam; Byrnes, Joel.

A theoretical optimal hedging model is developed to determine potential demand from Australian farmers for a hedging tool to remove the economic consequences of climate related variability in wheat yield. In the past, financial instruments have been developed to hedge price risk on capital markets; however, in more recent times new financial instruments, weather derivatives, have been developing that hedge the volumetric risk associated with unfavourable weather. Weather derivatives have the ability to effectively hedge weather related volume risk for the agricultural, mining, energy and manufacturing industries, while also providing a risk management tool for construction firms and special events organisers, although there are still many hurdles to...

Towards the measurement of the impacts of improving research capacity: an economic evaluation of training in wheat disease resistance

Palavras-chave: Weather derivatives; Risk; Hedging; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9262

Brennan, John P.; Quade, Kathryn J..

It is notoriously difficult to assess the economic value of research aimed at improving research capacity, particularly for the human capital component of research capacity. In this paper, a framework is developed and an analysis is undertaken of the value of training for scientists in wheat rust resistance. The value of improving human capital is assessed through a framework based on marginal analysis of the improvement in productivity outcomes flowing from the increased capacity. On that basis, the value of programs to build human capacity through training or further education can be estimated. Although such estimates are necessarily qualified, they provide a basis for quantifying the value of building research and development capacity.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Capacity building; Economic; Rust; Training; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116928

Impact of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems

Laxmi, Vijay; Erenstein, Olaf; Gupta, Raj K..

To date, the most widely adopted resource conserving technology (RCT) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP)has been zero-tillage (ZT) for wheat after rice, particularly in India. This report reviews and synthesizes the experience with zero tillage in the Indian IGP. Zero tillage of wheat after rice generates significant benefits at the farm level, both in terms of significant yield gains (6–10%, particularly due to timelier planting of wheat) and cost savings (5–10%, particularly tillage savings). These benefits explain the widespread interest of farmers and the rapidity of the diffusion across the Indian IGP, further aided by the wide applicability of this mechanical innovation. The study subsequently reports on the findings of village-level focus-group...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Rice; Agricultural development; Zero tillage; Farming systems; Rotational cropping; Water use; Environmental factors; Production costs; India; Crop Production/Industries; E16; F08.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56093

Bailout with white revolution or sink deeper?: groundwater depletion and impacts in the Moga District of Punjab, India.

Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir U.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Eriyagama, Nishadi.

Moga District in Punjab, India, is a microcosm of the twin story of irrigation-induced growth and stress. The groundwater consumptive water use in agriculture exceeds the recharge by a substantial margin. Rice production contributes to a major part of this difference. The groundwater depletion is so critical that diversifying agriculture is the only way forward for sustainable agricultural growth. Reducing the rice area and intensifying milk production will be a win-win situation for both the farmers and the area reeling with a groundwater crisis.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Groundwater depletion; Groundwater irrigation; Water use; Rice; Wheat; Milk production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108672

Using Basis and Futures Prices as a Barometer in Deciding Whether to Store Grain or Not

Siaplay, Mounir; Anderson, Kim B.; Brorsen, B. Wade.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the strength and weakness of basis and futures prices as barometers for producers to use in deciding whether to store or not. Basis is the single most important market signal for wheat producers to use when deciding whether to store or sell their wheat at harvest. While some models indicated low futures prices were a signal to store, results were fragile and inconsistent.

Analysis of the Impact of CIMMYT Research on the Australian Wheat Industry

Palavras-chave: Basis; Futures; Storage; Wheat.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37575

Brennan, John P.; Quade, Kathryn J..

Wheat genetic materials developed from research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico for developing countries have provided spillover benefits to Australia. Varieties developed from those genetic materials have resulted in yield increases in Australia. CIMMYT’s success in developing countries has also reduced the world price for wheat. While the lower prices affect returns in Australia, the increased yields in Australia from the CIMMYT spillovers have provided benefits to Australia averaging A$30 million per year since 1973. If these benefits are to continue in the future, Australia must continue its close relationship with CIMMYT.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Research; Spillover; CIMMYT; Australia; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42505

Economics of grain accumulation for ethanol production: a regional case study

Anderton, N.; Kingwell, Ross S..

Ethanol production is increasingly commonplace in many grain producing regions. This paper uses the grain producing region of Western Australia as a case study to illustrate how the location and size of an ethanol plant affects its grain accumulation costs. Specifically, this study examines how price variability of various wheat grades, combined with spatial and temporal variability in production of those grades affects the costs of grain accumulation for ethanol production. These costs are the main component of a plant's operating costs so lessening these costs can offer a comparative advantage for a plant owner. Logistics models' based on mathematical programming were constructed to depict a range of plant sizes and locations for ethanol production. The...

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on China's Grain Sector and International Trade

Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Mathematical programming; Logistics; Wheat; Grain quality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10349

Hansen, James M.; Tuan, Francis C.; Somwaru, Agapi.

This study analyzes the potential impact of climate change on China's corn, wheat, and rice, domestic agricultural markets, and the international markets out to the year 2050. The study provides a brief background and reviews research literature of climate change effects on China's crop yields. The paper presents the potential impact of climate change on China's yields and attempts to quantify the domestic and global market impacts. The analysis has four scenarios, which assumes two future levels of greenhouse gas emissions with the effects of CO2 fertilization and no CO2 fertilization. A 27-country commodity partial equilibrium simulation mathematical programming model (PEATSim) is used for this analysis. Results indicate under CO2 fertilization, which...

FACTORS AFFECTING WHEAT PROTEIN PREMIUMS

Palavras-chave: China; Trade; Climate change; GHG; CO2 fertilization; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation mathematical model.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103768

Parcell, Joseph L.; Stiegert, Kyle W..

This study used Rosen's methodology of deriving a marginal implicit price series from traditional hedonic modeling and then using this series to estimate a demand model. This procedure was applied to Kansas Hard Red Winter wheat protein. Results were mixed. Own-district protein level was not economically significant; however, an increase in other Kansas district's protein level and the North Dakota Hard Red Spring protein level may have a slight economic impact on own-district protein premium. The results of this study indicate that new varieties of wheat developed that increase protein content without loss of yield and that are regional specific can impact the price or wheat in other areas.

Are Canadian Farmers Overconfident?

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Characteristic Demand Model; Protein; Crop Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21524

Fryza, Stefanie A.; Mattos, Fabio.

U.S. PERSPECTIVES ON THE CANADIAN GRAIN PROBLEM; A CRITICAL APPRAISAL

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Marketing; Overconfidence; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103589

Johnson, D. Demcey.

The United States has imported large amounts of wheat and barley from Canada in recent years. Producers in northern-tier states and their political representatives have been strenuously objected, citing market disruption and unfair trading practices by the Canadian Wheat Board. This paper provides a summary and critique of U.S. perspectives on `the Canadian grain problem.'

U.S. IMPORTS OF CANADIAN WHEAT: ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF THE U.S. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM

Palavras-chave: Grain trade; Wheat; Barley; Canadian Wheat Board; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23110

Haley, Stephen L..

It is hypothesized that the U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) has had a role in increased U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. Using a set of world wheat models that differentiate wheat according to class and source, several conclusions concerning the role of EEP are reached. Over the period 1986-1993, EEP has been accountable for 40 to 48 percent of the yearly growth in U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. EEP subsidies in 1991/92 to China and Brazil caused significant diversion of Canadian wheat that would have been destined for those markets instead to the U.S. market. Further, it is argued that a quota on imports is not likely to have price-enhancing effects for U.S. wheat.

An assessment of crop water productivity in the Indus and Ganges River Basins: current status and scope for improvement

Palavras-chave: Canada; Export enhancement program; Wheat; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51218

Cai, Xueliang; Sharma, Bharat R.; Matin, Mir Abdul; Sharma, Devesh; Gunasinghe, Sarath.

The Indus and Ganges River Basin, being the most populous in the world, is under extreme pressure to sustain food security. Production resources including water are being exploited to various levels from underdevelopment to heavy overexploitation. This report provides a bird’s eye view of the basin and focuses on the nexus between agricultural production and water consumption, making it possible to pinpoint the areas with high/low water productivity and identify the factors behind this, which helps to promote informed decision making in light of environmental sustainability.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water productivity; Crops; Yields; Rice; Wheat; River basins; Models; Remote sensing; Evapotranspiration; Mapping; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112970

The Law of the Minimum and Sources of Nonzero Skewness for Crop Yield Distributions

Tumusiime, Emmanuel; Brorsen, B. Wade; Boyer, Christopher N..

Crop yields are not commonly found to be normally distributed, but the cause of the non-normal distribution is unclear. The non-normality might be due to weather variables and/or an underlying von Liebig law of the minimum (LoM) production function. Our objective is to determine the degree to which an underlying linear response stochastic plateau production function can explain the skewness of Oklahoma wheat yields at varied nitrogen rates. We use farm-level wheat data from a long-term experiment in Oklahoma, which is a unique data set to the literature. The Tembo et al. (2008) production function provides negative skewness at all levels of nitrogen with skewness near zero for both very high and very low levels of nitrogen. Observed skewness for wheat...