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| Registros recuperados: 85 | |
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| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14422 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Marra, Michele C.; Pardey, Philip G.; Wyatt, T.J.. |
| A total of 289 studies of returns to agricultural R&D were compiled and these provide 1821 estimates of rates of return. After removing statistical outliers and incomplete observations, across the remaining 1128 observations the estimated annual rates of return averaged 65 per cent overall — 80 per cent for research only, 80 per cent for extension only, and 47 per cent for research and extension combined. These averages reveal little meaningful information from a large body of literature, which provides rate‐of‐return estimates that are often not directly comparable. This study was aimed at trying to account for the differences. Several features of the methods used by research evaluators matter, in particular assumptions about lag lengths and the... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117834 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Carter, Colin A.; Wohlgenant, Michael K.. |
| Political-economic analyses of the causes and consequences of agricultural commodity policies typically emphasize farmer and consumer (taxpayer) interests and underplay the role of agribusiness. A more complete understanding of agricultural policy requires paying attention to the important role of agribusiness interests. Policies that benefit farmers (e.g., price supports, supply controls, deficiency payments) may either enhance or reduce agribusiness profits. The type of policy instrument preferred by agribusiness varies among commodities, depending on the technology of the marketing processes beyond the farm gate and the elasticity of final demand. This paper emphasizes the idea that instruments of farm policy are chosen in response to pressures from... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm programs; Farm policy; Agribusiness; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1989 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51252 |
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| Andersen, Matthew A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G.. |
| This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02) |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143 |
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| Zhang, Mingxia; Sexton, Richard J.; Alston, Julian M.. |
| This study investigates market conditions when food processor/handler brand advertising, whether undertaken by an investor-owned firm or by a cooperative, will benefit or harm farmers. Addressing this question provides insight into the policy issue of whether and when promotion funds intended to benefit farmers should be used in support of brand advertising. Analysis of a two-stage oligopoly-oligopsony model shows that advertising by an investor-owned firm is most likely to be harmful to farmers when it takes place in a relatively unconcentrated industry and when advertising is relatively more effective at creating brand market power than at increasing total demand. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31131 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Okrent, Abigail M.. |
| Many commentators have claimed that farm subsidies have contributed significantly to the “obesity epidemic” by making fattening foods relatively cheap and abundant and, symmetrically, that taxing “unhealthy” commodities or subsidizing “healthy” commodities would contribute to reducing obesity rates. This paper makes three contributions. First, we review evidence from the literature on the impacts on food consumption and obesity resulting from subsidies applied in the past to production or consumption of farm commodities. Second, we develop and present new arguments and preliminary evidence on the impacts of past government investments in agricultural R&D on food consumption and obesity—through research-induced increases in agricultural productivity and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53336 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Scobie, Grant M.. |
| The Common Agricultural Policy increases European poultry production costs, prohibits imports, increases domestic prices, and subsidizes exports. This policy has displaced some U.S. exports. However, the net impact in the U.S. has been quite modest, even assuming poultry is homogeneous, independent of source country. Costs to U.S. producers are almost entirely offset by gains to U.S. consumers. Effects in the U.S. are even smaller when imperfect substitutability between poultry from different countries is accounted for. A retaliatory U.S. export subsidy would have more dramatic effects in U.S. markets. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1987 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29306 |
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| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| As the number and variety of interconnected sources of agricultural innovations have continued to grow and evolve, so too have the demands for meaningful evidence of both the total payoff and the specific impacts of individual research providers. Important policy and practical funding decisions require a clear understanding of the shares of the overall benefits from investments in R&D attributable to domestic versus foreign and public versus private agencies, or even to individual agencies, as well as the total benefits accruing from innovation. This report provides a detailed economic assessment of the magnitude and sources of the economic benefits to Brazil since the early 1980s from varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Research; Brazil; Economic aspects; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37894 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Nguyen, S.T.; Tunstall, Allan W.. |
| This paper explores the hypothesis that livestock market reporters tend to err towards the middle of the actual range when estimating carcass weight and fat depth. Trial data for pigs support the hypothesis and indicate that reporters' estimates may be significantly biased in some extreme weight and fat classes even when the average errors taken across all classes are trivial. Significant distortions in the reported premiums or discounts between some fat and weight classes are implied by the errors in estimating fat and weight. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12416 |
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| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16103 |
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| Okrent, Abigail M.; Alston, Julian M.. |
| Food away from home (FAFH) is an important component of the demand for food and hence, the nutritional intake of adults and children in the United States. Hence, policies designed to influence nutritional outcomes should address the role of FAFH. However, most studies of the response of demand for food to policy changes have ignored the role of FAFH, which means the estimates must be biased, while those studies that have included FAFH have treated it as a single good, giving rise to potential aggregation biases. In this study we estimate a demand system including a FAFH and alcoholic beverages composite (i.e., the aggregate of the three products modeled in the second stage), along with nine food at home (FAH) products (cereals and bakery products, dairy,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Demand; Food Away From Home (FAFH); Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; Q11. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103625 |
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| Registros recuperados: 85 | |
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