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Registros recuperados: 28 | |
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Taris, Nicolas; Sauvage, Christopher; Batista, Frederico; Baron, Sophie; Ernande, Bruno; Haffray, Pierrick; Boudry, Pierre. |
Previous studies have shown heritable variation in larval developmental traits in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In order to study the genetic consequences of production of oyster larvae in hatcheries, two factors, specific to hatcheries, were examined: the effect of discarding the smallest larvae (i.e. culling) and the effect of temperature (20°C versus 26°C). A mixed-family approach was used in order to infer the genetic composition of larval populations and family assignment, limiting possible environmental bias and allowing the study of a relatively large number of families using a limited number of larval tanks. Our results show that three multiplexed highly polymorphic microsatellite markers are a powerful tool for family assignment and,... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Hatchery; Genetic diversity; Selection domestication; Larvae; Crassostrea gigas; Ecloserie; Diversité génétique; Sélection domestication; Larve; Crassostrea gigas. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-1505.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Baron, S; Sharbel, Tim; Sauvage, Christopher; Boudry, Pierre. |
The analysis of parentage using microsatellite markers is of increasing importance, notably in aquaculture genetic research where communal rearing of mixed families can be used to reduce unwanted environmental variance. We present here an optimization of parental genotype assessment for larvae or adults of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, using a multiplex system of three microsatellite loci. In conjunction with a simple DNA extraction protocol, this method enables high throughput analyses of parentage in C. gigas. Using this method, we successfully determined the parentage of 93% (1224 out of 1318) of the progeny in a factorial cross between 3 females and 10 males. The inability to genotype the remaining 7% was due to DNA degradation of larvae... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Oysters; Aquaculture; Parental assignment; High throughput; Larval DNA extraction; Multiplex. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-1814.pdf |
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Lapegue, Sylvie; Taris, Nicolas; Boudry, Pierre; Langlade, Aime; Bonhomme, Francois. |
Le milieu marin est un milieu difficile à appréhender car composé d'un ensemble d'organismes et d'écosystèmes caractérisés par des conditions de fonctionnement tout à fait originales et souvent difficiles d'accès. Ces spécificités peuvent être attribuées à la structure spatiale du milieu marin, qui à bien des égards, diffère du milieu terrestre. En effet si les notions de barrières géographiques sont une réalité concrète pour les organismes terrestres, elles restent rarement identifiées en milieu marin (PALUMBI 1994). Dans un tel environnement, les organismes présentent des cycles de vie souvent mal connus, notamment ceux qui associent phase benthique et phase planctonique. L'étude de la structure génétique des populations, dans un espace aussi ouvert aux... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Diversité génétique; Génétique; Recrutement; Génotypage; Variabilité génétique; Huître plate; Ostrea edulis. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00044/15478/12857.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Ernande, Bruno; Mccombie, Helen; Boudry, Pierre. |
The life histories of oysters in the genus Crassostrea, like those of most marine bivalves, are typified by high fecundity and low survival in nature. Rearing conditions in hatcheries however ensure optimized density, diet, and temperature. Hatcheries are becoming increasingly important for the production of juveniles in aquaculture, and their culture practices often include culling of slow growing larvae to reduce and synchronize the time taken to reach settlement. Because previous studies have found substantial genetic variation for early life developmental traits in Crassostrea gigas, these culling practices are likely to cause highly different selective pressures in hatcheries from those in the natural environment. We studied the phenotypic and genetic... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Oysters; Larvae; Hatchery; Genetic diversity; Culling; Crassostrea gigas. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1677.pdf |
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Boudry, Pierre; Degremont, Lionel; Taris, Nicolas; Mccombie, Helen; Haffray, Pierrick; Ernande, Bruno. |
The most significant genetic improvement for production of Pacific oyster (Crassastrea gigas) has been obtained through the breeding of triploids, especially since the development of tetraploids. Quantitative genetics studies suggest that significant gains, for disease resistance or for other traits of aquacultural interest, could be obtained using this approach. However, the limited extent of hatchery-propagation (versus natural recruitment) and/or various technical difficulties and biological characteristics of the species have slowed the development of selective breeding programs. Recently, in the USA, Australia and New Zealand, family-based selective breeding programs have been initiated to improve growth and yield. In Europe, where both natural and... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Microsatellites; Quantitative genetic; Genetic variability; Crassostrea gigas; Oysters. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-2861.pdf |
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Lallias, Delphine; Taris, Nicolas; Boudry, Pierre; Bonhomme, Francois; Lapegue, Sylvie. |
he European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) is a marine bivalve whose natural geographical distribution ranges along the European Atlantic coast from Norway to Morocco, in addition to the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Previous studies of allozymes, microsat-ellites and mitochondrial differentiation over the whole range concluded that a significant divergence existed between Mediterranean and Atlantic populations, together with an isolation-by-distance pattern. However, the average mitochondrial haplotypic diversity displayed a high among populations variance, reflecting smaller effective population size in some locations. Additionally, a ten-fold quantitative difference was observed in the same study in Fst between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes,... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Genotypes; Genetic diversity; Breeding success; Allozymes; Population genetics; Parentage analyses; Natural population; Ostrea edulis; Oyster. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-3334.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Sauvage, Christopher; Boudry, Pierre. |
Oysters, like many other marine bivalves, are characterized by high fertility and low survival rates during the precocious stages. Hatchery reproduction, realised in very different conditions than in their natural habitat (density, food, temperature, etc.), tends to optimize the production of larvae and juveniles. As a consequence, slow growing larvae are systematically culled. Previous results suggest the existence of a genetic variability linked to precocious development. Our approach consists in studying the evolutionary process (genetic drift and selection) linked with hatchery reproduction. Thanks to microsatellite markers enabling us to analyse the relatedness in "mixed" cultivated families, we studied the variability of breeding success in... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres; Marqueurs microsatellites; Reproduction; Sélection; Dérive génétique; Variabilité génétique; Génétique. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/acte-3481.pdf |
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Boudry, Pierre; Launey, Sophie; Diaz-almela, E.; Naciri-graven, Yamama; Ledu, Christophe; Mira, Sara; Taris, Nicolas; Bonhomme, Francois; Lapegue, Sylvie. |
Nowadays, PCR-based DNA markers allow the study of diversity and differentiation of marine organisms at different stages of their life cycle. Our study of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) populations has aimed to describe their spatial and temporal dynamics. First, we analyzed adults sampled over the natural range of the species. An Atlantic/Mediterranean differentiation pattern was observed. Results were congruent between allozymes, microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA and support an isolation by distance model. High variability was observed in the breadth of diversity between populations using a mitochondrial marker, this highlights the small effective population sizes in some locations. A 10-fold quantitative difference was observed in Fst... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Larvae; Reproduction; Genetic; Ostrea edulis; European flat oyster; Population genetics. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/acte-3493.pdf |
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Batista, Frederico; Ben-hamadou, Radhouan; Fonseca, Vera; Taris, Nicolas; Ruano, Francisco; Reis-henriques, Maria; Boudry, Pierre. |
The taxonomic status of the cupped oysters Crassostrea angulata and C. gigas has received considerable attention in the last decades. Based on larval shell morphology, experimental hybridization, allozymes and nuclear DNA studies several authors have considered these two taxa as being synonymous. However, mitochondrial data showed clear genetic differences between the two taxa. In addition, microsatellite-based studies and cytogenetic studies have also provided evidence that supports their differentiation. Considerable differences have also been observed at the phenotypic level in terms of growth rate and ecophysiological parameters. In the present study, C. angulata from Sado estuary (Portugal) and C. gigas from Seudre estuary (France) were collected and... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Crassostrea angulata; Hybridization; Shell pigmentation; Shell morphology. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3904.pdf |
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Boudry, Pierre; Degremont, Lionel; Taris, Nicolas; Mccombie, Helen; Haffray, Pierrick; Ernande, Bruno. |
To date, the most significant genetic improvement for the production of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) has been obtained through the breeding of triploids, especially since the development of tetraploids. Quantitative genetics studies suggest that significant gains, for disease resistance or for other traits of aquacultural interest, could be obtained in diploids using this approach. However, the limited extent of hatchery-propagation (versus natural recruitment) and/or various technical difficulties and biological characteristics of the species have retarded the development of selective breeding programs. Recently, in the U.S.A., Australia and New Zealand, countries where hatcheries are a major source of C. gigas juveniles, family-based selective... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Microsatellite markers; Selective breeding; Genetic; Genetic variability; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oysters. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/acte-3449.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Batista, Frederico; Marissal, Eric; Boudry, Pierre. |
Direct and indirect consequences of selective breeding in marine bivalves still remain largely unexplored. For species with two-phase life cycle, like the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), most studies have focused on juvenile and adult stages, but relatively few have focused on juvenile and adult stages, but relatively few have considered the larval stage, especially in a domestication context. We assessed the impact of hatchery practices on larval traits, notably on larval growth (due to the culling of slow growing larvae), by the study of larval progenies. Larvae originating from crosses using parental oysters both from natural beds and from hatchery broodstock which had been selected for adult growth and shell shape for seven generations. A set of... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Inbreeding depresion; Larvae stage; Genetic variability; Hatchery; Domestication; Genetic; Crassostrea gigas; Oyster. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-3337.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Batista, F; Boudry, Pierre. |
Underlying consequences of domestication and artificial selection still remain largely unexplored in most aquacultured species. For species with a two phase life cycle, including the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, most genetic studies have focused on the post-metamorphosis juvenile and adult stages, but relatively few considered the larval stage. To assess the consequence of hatchery practices on larval characters, especially growth, we performed a phenotypic study on larval progenies derived from crosses between Pacific oysters from natural beds and farmed Pacific oysters selected for desirable production traits such as rapid growth, for over seven generations. A set of three microsatellite loci was used to compare the genetic variability between the... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Inbreeding depression; Selection; Domestication; Larval stage. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3848.pdf |
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Auby, Isabelle; Maurer, Daniele; Masson, Nadine; Durand, Nathalie; Sautour, Benoit; Taris, Nicolas; D'Amico, Florence; Guillard, Fabien; Guegen, Cathy; Trut, Gilles; Cantin, Christian; Pellier, Claude. |
Tipo: Text |
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Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19395/16988.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Sauvage, Christopher; Boudry, Pierre. |
Early-life history of oysters, like in most marine bivalves, is characterized by high fecundity and low survival rate. In hatcheries, which are ecoming more and more important for the production of juveniles for aquaculture production, rearing conditions are optimised (density, feeding, temperature...), and contrast with those observed in the wild. Additionally, slow growing larvae are culled by sieving. |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Juvenile; Genetic variability; Selection; Genetic; Hatcheries; Oyster. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/acte-3444.pdf |
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Batista, Frederico; Fonseca, Vera; Ben-hamadou, Radhouan; Taris, Nicolas; Henriques, Maria; Boudry, Pierre. |
Unlike in some crops, no large heterotic effects have been observed in most farmed animals. Interestingly, significant hybrid vigour for some traits has been reported in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Crossbreeding between closely related taxa can be seen as an efficient way to exploit the dominance component of the genetic variance of a trait. Factorial crosses between the Portuguese oyster C. angulata (from Sado estuary, Portugal) and C. gigas (from Seudre estuary, France) were done to evaluate the aquaculture potential of hybrids. Juveniles of the different progenies were reared in Ria Formosa (Portugal) under usual farming conditions. The genetic confirmation of all progenies was done using mitochondrial and nuclear markers in order to detect... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Hybridization; Crassostrea angulata; Crassostrea gigas; Genetic; Oyster. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-3429.pdf |
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Taris, Nicolas; Sauvage, Christopher; Ernande, Bruno; Boudry, Pierre. |
Several studies have suggested that significant genetic variability might exist for some early developmental traits in the Pacific oyster, C. gigas. However, most studies have examined only limited numbers of families. More critically, these families were rarely replicated, leading to possible bias due to heterogeneous larval rearing conditions among families. To overcome these potential problems, we used a mixed-family approach with subsequent parentage analysis. A recently developed set of three multiplexed microsatellite markers was used to determine parentage in a complete factorial cross between 12 males and 4 females. Larvae were reared at two different temperatures (20 and 26°C) to provide a contrast resembling wild versus hatchery conditions.... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Selection; Genetic variability; Microsatellites; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oysters. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/acte-3440.pdf |
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Registros recuperados: 28 | |
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